THE  LIBRARY  OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF 

NORTH  CAROLINA 


THE  COLLECTION  OF 

NORTH  CAROLINIANA 

FROM  THE  LIBRARY  OF 

Mrs.  B.  E.  Parham 


C970.9 

H91h 

c.2 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2012  with  funding  from 

University  of  North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill 


http://archive.org/details/historyofgreatwoOOoxford 


7/Kpi/Sorvod 

fo  /coop  the/fa  ft  on 

'fivmt/iiS' 


dedicated  to  the    SMemory  of  the    SMen 

from    Cjran-vllle   County   Who  Made 

the  Supreme  Sacrifice 


qAoq/onorCRott 


1917  —  1918-  1919 


oA  Grayer  That  Was  oAnswered 

May  it  please  (ioil  that  this  sore-stricken,  heart- 
broken, blood-soaked  world  may  hear  a  voice  divine, 
whispering,  "You   hare   tried   the  gun,  the  dagger,  the 

bombshell,  the   submarine,  the   tin  mint/  gas;  why  not  try 
self -sacrifice,  forgiveness  and  lore  ?" 

Surch/  a  forty-two  centimetre  gun,  or  even  a  gun 
that  can  shell  a  church  filled  with  women  anil  children 
seventy-two  miles  away,  is  no!  (he  last  word  in  deniza- 
tion. It  cannot  be  that  the  angel's  song  of  "Peace  on 
Earth,"  is  In  be  forever  superseded  by  the  shriek  of  ex- 
ploding shells  and  the  cries  of  wounded  anil  dying 
humanity. 


fo 


^^xQC      ))ooo: 


o 


PUBLISHED  BY 

E.    G.    HULSE 
OXFORD,  N.  C. 


COLOR     SECTIONS     COPYRIGHT     BY 
BUREAU     OF     ENGRAVING.      INC..     MINNEAPOLIS 


&J 


SIDNEY  W.  MINOR 

Durham,   N.   C. 

Colonel,  120th  Infantry,  30th  Division.  Born  in  Granville  County  November  24, 
1873.  Son  of  Capt.  Richard  V.  Minor.  Promoted  to  rank  of  Colonel,  3rd  Infantry, 
N.  C.  N.  G.,  September  28,  1914.  Entered  service  for  World  War  at  Camp  Sevier, 
S.  C,  July  25,  1917,  and  given  same  rank  as  held  in  N.  C.  N.  G.  Overseas  one  year. 
Honorably  discharged  April  23,  1919. 


A  HISTORY  OF  THE 

GREAT  WORLD  WAR 


A  Chronological    Record   of   every  Event   and    En- 
gagement, and  the  Causes  that  Led  up  to  the 
Greatest  Struggle  the  World  has 
ever  Known 


ILLUSTRATED  WITH  PHOTOGRAPHIC  REPRODUCTIONS  OF  THE  MEN 

FROM  GRANVILLE  COUNTY  WHO  TOOK  PART  IN  THIS 

UNPARALLELED  CONFLICT 


NOTE:  A  number  of  mail  routes  from  adjoining  counties  run  into  Granville  and  the 
men  on  these  routes,  who  entered  the  service  under  the  direction  of  the  Granville  County 
Local  Board,  are  entitled  to  a  place  in  this  volume. 


— ^/7-iL, 


PRESS  OF  OXFORD  ORPHANAGE 
1920 


AMERICA 

My  country  'tis  of  thee. 
Sweet  land  of  liberty, 

Of  thee  we  sing ; 
Land  where  my  fathers  died, 
Land  of  the  pilgrims'  pride ! 
From  every  mountain  side 

Let  freedom  ring! 

My  native  country,  thee, 
Land  of  the  noble  free, 

Thy  name  I  love ; 
I  love  thy  rocks  and  rills, 
Thy  woods  and  templed  hills ; 
My  heart  with  rapture  thrills 

Like  that  above. 

Our  fathers'  God  to  Thee, 
Author  of  liberty. 

To  Thee  we  sing; 
Long  may  our  land  be  bright 
With  freedom's  holy  light; 
Protect  us  by  Thy  might, 

Great  God,  our  King! 


A  Shot  in  the  Balkans  Set  the  World 


Aflame 


w 


N  JUNE  28,  1914,  the  Archduke 
Francis  Ferdinand,  heir-apparent 
to  the  throne  of  Austria-Hungary, 
visited  the  city  of  Sarajevo,  capi- 
tal of  Bosnia,  to  take  part  in  a  public  cere- 
mony. As  he  was  driving  through  the 
town  a  Bosnian  named  Cabrinovicz  threw 
two  bombs  at  his  automobile.  Both  fell 
short.  Despite  this  warning  and  the  sup- 
posed excellence  of  the  Austrian  police  sys- 
tem, that  same  afternoon  a  young  Bosnian 
named  Gabrilio  Prinzip  succeeded  in  reach- 
ing the  steps  of  his  automobile  and  fired 
two  shots  from  an  automatic  pistol.  His 
aim  was  only  too  good.  Both  the  Arch- 
duke and  his  wife,  a  Czech  countess  whom 
he  had  married  morganatically,  were 
killed. 

Prinzip  was  seized,  but  was  later  given 
the  comparative  immunity  of  a  prison  sen- 
tence, while  several  political  leaders  of  the 
pro-Serbian  faction  were  held  as  the  real 
principals  and  three  of  them  were  execut- 
ed. The  Serbian  government  immediate- 
ly expressed  its  horror,  and  was  assured 
that  the  affair  would  not  disturb  the  rela- 
tions between  Austria  and  Serbia.  The 
world  in  general  assumed  that  the  incident 
would  end  where  it  had  begun — in  Bosnia. 
Nearly  a  month  passed.  Then  on  July  23d, 
to  the  amazement  and  consternation  of  all 
Europe,  Austria-Hungary  sent  to  Serbia 
the  most  startling  ultimatum  ever  address- 
ed by  one  free  nation  to  another.  It  de- 
manded : 

Prohibition  of  publication  hostile  to 
Austria-Hungary;  suppression  of  societies 
engaged  in  propaganda  against  Austria- 
Hungary;  elimination  from  the  schools  of 
teaching  opposed  to  Austria-Hungary;  re- 
moval from  the  Serbian  military  service 
of  officers  whom  Austria-Hungary  should 
thereafter  name;  acceptance    of    Austrian 


military  and  judicial  commissions  to  carry 
out  Austrian  demands. 

Press,  public  meetings,  education,  mili- 
tary service  and  the  administration  of  jus- 
tice in  Serbia  must  all  be  turned  over  to 
Austrian  dictation.  And  Serbia  must  ac- 
cept these  terms  within  48  hours ! 

Serbia  accepted !  The  terrified  little  na- 
tion quibbled  on  only  two  of  the  demands, 
conceding  the  others  unreservedly,  and  con- 
cluded with  an  offer  to  refer  any  point  not 
satisfactorily  answered  to  The  Hague  tri- 
bunal or  to  the  powers. 

And  then,  on  July  28th,  Austria  declared 
war,  and  on  July  29th  the  great  world  war 
was  begun  by  the  shelling  of  Belgrade. 

The  alliance  between  Germany  and  Aus- 
tria was  defensive  only,  as  Italy,  the  third 
member  of  the  league,  later  showed.  Even 
had  it  been  otherwise,  disregard  of  its  ob- 
ligations for  the  purpose  of  preserving 
peace  could  have  presented  no  moral  dif- 
ficulties to  a  nation  which  was  soon  to  vio- 
late equally-binding  treaties  in  order  to 
carry  out  her  plans  of  war.  The  slightest 
word  from  Germany  would  have  compelled 
Austria-Hungary  to  settle  her  quarrel.  As 
a  matter  of  fact,  the  Austrian  government 
was  at  one  time  on  the  point  of  yielding  to 
reason,  but  Germany  compelled  it  to  go  on. 
The  assassination  of  the  Archduke  was  to 
be  made  the  pretext  for  carrying  out  plans 
of  military  aggression  which  the  German 
imperial  leaders  had  long  been  preparing. 
These  plans  contemplated  nothing  less  than 
the  conquest  of  a  large  part  of  Europe,  if 
not  of  the  world. 

Evidence  of  this  accumulated  during  the 
progress  of  the  war. 

August  Thyssen,  a  leading  German  steel 
manufacturer,  published  in  1917  a  pam- 
phlet telling  about  several  meetings  of  Ger- 
man business  men  between  1912  and  1914 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


at  which  the  Emperor  promised  them  great 
financial  rewards  for  supporting  him  in 
the  projected  war.  Thyssen  was  "person- 
ally promised  30,000  acres  in  Australia." 
Other  firms  were  to  have  "special"  trading 
facilities  in  India,  which  was  to  be  conquer- 
ed by  Germany,  be  it  noted,  by  the  end  of 
1915.  "A  syndicate  was  formed  for  the 
exploitation  of  Canada." 

Prince  Lichnowsky,  who  was  German 
ambassador  to  Great  Britian  when  the  war 
began,  wrote  for  his  family  archives  in 
1916  a  record,  which  later  gained  publica- 
tion, in  which  he  said  that  Serbia  had  ac- 
cepted almost  the  whole  ultimatum  "under 
Russian  and  British  pressure"  and  that 
"Count  Berchtold  was  even  prepared  to 
satisfy  himself  with  the  Serbian  reply." 
Lichnowsky  added  that  he  had  to  support 
in  London  a  policy,  "the  heresy  of  which 
I  recognized"  and  suggested  that  the  Ger- 
man people  were  dominated  by  "the  spirit 
of  Treitschke  and  of  Bernhardi,  which  glo- 
rifies war  as  an  end  in  itself." 

The  United  States  army  intelligence  ser- 
vice learned  from  German  agents,  arrested 
in  this  country,  that  on  July  10,  1914,  a 
corps  of  German  propagandists  had  been 
sent  to  neutral  countries  to  develop  senti- 
ment for  Germany  in  the  war  which  was 
about  to  begin. 

Henry  Morgenthau,  United  States  am- 
bassador to  Turkey,  was  told,  a  few  weeks 
after  the  war  started,  by  both  the  Aus- 
trian and  the  German  ambassadors  at  Con- 
stantinople, that  war  had  been  decided  on 
at  a  conference  in  Berlin  early  in  July. 

This  was  why  when  Russia  called  her 
reserves  to  the  colors  on  the  day  following 
Austria's  declaration  of  war  on  Serbia, 
Germany  immediately  began  to  mobilize 
and  on  August  1st  declared  war  on  Russia. 
It  was  not  on  the  Russian  frontier,  how- 
ever, that  Germany  massed  her  troops. 
France  was  bound  to  Russia  by  a  treaty  of 
alliance ;  and,  before  sending  her  ultimatum 
to  Russia,  Germany  demanded  of  France 
whether  she  would  remain  neutral.  France 
ordered  mobilization,     but     directed     her 


troops  to  keep  ten  miles  inside  the  French 
border.  Nevertheless,  cavalry  skirmishes 
occurred  on  both  the  French  and  Russian 
frontiers  on  the  following  day,  August  2d, 
and  on  the  same  day  German  troops  enter- 
ed the  neutral  duchy  of  Luxemburg,  which 
could  only  protest.  The  formal  declara- 
tion of  war  on  France  was  made  on  Au- 
gust 3d. 

The  first  and  greatest  horrors  of  war, 
however,  were  to  fall,  not  on  Serbia  or  Rus- 
sia or  France,  but  on  a  nation  which  was  ab- 
solutely inoffensive  and  unconcerned  in  the 
quarrel.  On  July  31st,  before  any  declara- 
tion of  war  except  that  of  Austria  had  oc- 
curred, three  German  army  troops  started 
for  the  Belgian  border,  and  on  August  2d 
the  amazed  and  frightened  government  of 
Belgium  received  an  ultimatum  demanding 
the  right  of  passage  for  the  German  army 
through  Belgian  territory.  The  particular 
wickedness  of  this  note  lay  in  the  conclud- 
ing paragraph,  which  read :  "Should  Bel- 
gium oppose  the  German  troops,  and  par- 
ticularly should  she  throw  difficulties  in 
the  way  of  their  march  by  a  resistance  of 
the  fortresses  on  the  Meuse,  or  by 
destroying  railways,  roads,  tunnels,  or 
other  similar  works,  Germany  will,  to  her 
regret,  be  compelled  to  consider  Belgium 
as  an  enemy." 

Germany  was  not  content  to  ask  the  priv- 
ilege of  sending  troops  through  Belgium 
and  to  offer  alliance  and  protection  against 
invasion  by  France,  which  she  professed  to 
believe  was  threatened,  though  France  had 
just  given  the  most  positive  assurance  to 
the  contrary.  She  was  not  even  satisfied 
to  announce  her  purpose  to  move  through 
Belgium  and  leave  the  question  of  Bel- 
gium's attitude  for  the  future.  She  placed 
Belgium  at  the  outset  in  the  position  of  a 
subject  province  to  be  subdued  if  it  dared 
to  resist.  In  view  of  the  later  attitude  of 
the  German  leaders,  there  can  be  little 
doubt  that  this  note  was  written  in  the  ex- 
pectation and  hope  that  Belgium  would  re- 
sist, since  that  would  further  the  project 
of  annexation. 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


Germany's  course  violated  written  as 
well  as  moral  law.  The  perpetual  neutral- 
ity of  Belgium  had  been  solemnly  guaran- 
teed by  a  treaty  between  the  five  great 
powers,  including  Prussia,  as  early  as  1831 
and  had  several  times  been  reaffirmed. 
Chancellor  von  Bethmann-Hollweg  frankly 
admitted  in  his  speech  to  the  reichstag  on 
August  4th  that  Germany  had  acted  "con- 
trary to  the  dictates  of  international  law." 
The  excuse  offered  was  "military  necessi- 
ty." 

When  the  British  ambassador  at  Berlin 
gave  warning  of  the  consequence  of  vio- 
lating Belgium's  neutrality,  the  German 
foreign  minister,  Von  Jagow,  heatedly  re- 
ferred to  the  treaty  as  a  "scrap  of  paper." 
Great  Britain's  attitude  up  to  this  time 
had  been  that  of  a  mediator  seeking  to 
avert  the  general  calamity.  She  had  a 
friendly  understanding  with  France  and 
Russia,  but  was  not  allied  with  them  by 
treaty.  It  is  probable  that  even  when 
Premier  Asquith  and  his  associates  sent  an 
ultimatum  to  Germany  demanding  that 
Belgium's  neutrality  be  respected,  they 
cherished  a  strong  hope  that  their  threat 
would  compel  Germany  to  pause.  But  if 
so,  the  hope  was  disappointed,  and  on  Au- 
gust 4th  the  war  became  general  with  Ger- 
many and  Austria-Hungary  on  one  side  and 
Great  Britain,  France,  Belgium,  Russia 
and  Serbia  on  the  other.  Montenegro  came 
to  the  aid  of  Serbia  four  days  later. 

The  Belgians  were  able  to  bring  a  gar- 
rison of  25,000  men  and  a  field  army  of 
120,000  men  to  the  defense  of  Liege,  and 
with  this  force  they  held  off  superior  num- 
bers of  Germans  for  four  days.  The  first 
German  assault  was  completely  repulsed. 
They  were  unable,  however,  to  protect  their 
flanks,  and  to  avoid  being  surrounded  they 
fell  back  to  a  line  running  through  Tirle- 
mont  and  Namur.  The  forts  of  Liege  were 
not  reduced  until  the  Germans  brought  up 
heavy  siege  guns  nearly  two  weeks  later. 
Although  the  Belgians  held  their  ground 
successfully  in  several  local  combats,  their 
flanks  were  still  in  the  air  and  their  line 


much  too  thin  to  be  maintained.  They 
withdrew  behind  the  forts  of  Antwerp, 
abandoning  Brussels  and  leaving  a  garri- 
son in  Namur,  which  was  attacked  and  re> 
duced  by  heavy  siege  artillery  after  a  ten 
hours'  fight  on  the  22d. 

The  French  mobilization  plans  concen- 
trated the  bulk  of  their  army  on  their  eas- 
tern frontier,  since  they  could  not  antici- 
pate an  attack  through  neutral  Belgium. 
General  Joffre  evidently  hoped  that  a  strong 
movement  directly  against  German  terri- 
tory might  force  the  Germans  to  abandon 
the  Belgian  invasion.  He  was  able  to  move 
by  the  7th,  when  a  French  army  entered 
Alsace,  taking  Altkirch  and  Mulhausen  and 
advancing  nearly  to  Colmar.  A  second 
French  army  penetrated  Lorraine  as  far 
as  Saarburg  and  a  third  moved  toward  Lux- 
emburg. The  Germans  claimed  that  all 
three  were  badly  beaten.  At  least,  they 
failed  to  inflict  the  necessary  defeat  on  the 
Germans,  and  the  danger  from  the  north 
made  it  impossible  to  continue  the  move- 
ment. All  three  retreated,  and  Saarburg, 
Mulhausen  and  Altkirch  were  again  left 
in  German  hands. 

The  British  had  a  regular  army  of  about 
370,000  men,  scattered  in  all  parts  of  the 
world,  with  some  100,000  reserves  and 
240,000  Territorials,  similar  to  the  Ameri- 
can National  Guard.  Lord  Kitchener  was 
made  minister  of  war  with  almost  dicta- 
torial powers.  With  great  energy  he  suc- 
ceeded in  landing  in  France  about  90,000 
infantry  and  cavalry  with  400  guns  by  the 
13th  and  by  the  22d,  Sir  John  French,  who 
commanded,  had  thrown  four  weak  divis- 
ions of  infantry  and  five  brigades  of  cav- 
alry across  the  path  of  the  Germans  at 
Mons,  near  the  southern  border  of  Bel- 
gium. They  were  attacked  on  the  23d  by 
greatly  superior  forces  of  Germans  under 
von  Kluck,  but  held  their  ground  steadily 
throughout  the  day.  Probably  they  could 
have  maintained  their  position  longer,  but 
Sir  John  French  received  word  that  the 
French  on  his  right  at  Charleroi  had  given 
way,  while  his  left,  which  was  in  the  air, 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


was  also  being  enveloped.  The  retreat 
from  Mons  and  Charleroi  occupied  eleven 
days  and  carried  the  British,  who  were  on 
the  outer  rim  of  the  great  backward-wheel- 
ing line,  140  miles  into  the  heart  of  France. 
Fighting  was  almost  continuous  during 
these  eleven  days,  though  it  slackened  into 
detached  skirmishes  of  small  proportions 
towards  the  last.  The  general  plan  of  the 
retreat  was  to  withdraw,  usually  at  night, 
by  the  north-and-south  roads  and  to  deploy 
and  tight  along  each  of  the  east-and-west 
roads.  The  most  severe  action  for  the 
British  was  on  the  Le  Chateau-Cambrai 
road  on  the  26th.  General  Smith-Dorrien's 
Second  corps  was  here  joined  by  the  Fourth 
division,  fresh  from  England.  It  went 
into  shallow  ditches  which  had  been  dug  in 
advance  by  local  labor,  mostly  French  wo- 
men, but  with  so  little  military  supervis- 
ion that  through  long  stretches  the  earth 
had  been  thrown  out  on  the  wrong  side  of 
the  trench.  The  weary  soldiers  had  to 
spend  most  of  the  night  reversing  these 
parapets  with  only  their  mess  tins  for  tools, 
for  they  had  not  yet  learned  the  vital  im- 
portance of  carrying  spades.  All  the  next 
day  they  held  off  three  German  corps  with 
a  fourth  working  around  their  flank  and 
they  succeeded  in  withdrawing  safely  dur- 
ing the  night.  A  French  force  had  a  simi- 
lar action  near  Guise. 

If  General  Joffre  ever  had  a  hope  that 
the  Germans  could  be  held  on  the  Belgian 
frontier  till  his  main  army  could  get  up, 
it  could  not  have  existed  after  the  23rd. 
From  that  date  his  obvious  policy  was 
merely  to  retard  the  German  advance  until 
he  could  bring  back  his  army  from  Alsace 
and  get  into  position  before  Paris.  The 
capital  was  hastily  provisioned  for  a  siege 
and  the  government  was  removed  to  Bor- 
deaux, but  there  was  no  intention  of  giving 
up  without  a  fight.  The  line  ran  along  the 
Great  Morin  River,  rather  than  the  Marne, 
from  Langy  through  Sezanne  to  Vitry-le- 
Francois,  whence  it  looped  to  the  north 
around  Verdun,  which  had  not,  like  Reims 
and  Chalons,  been  abandoned.     Stretching 


down  the  heights  of  the  Meuse,  the  front 
was  continued  by  General  de  Castlenau's 
army  of  Lorraine  along  the  hills  just  east 
of  Nancy,  known  as  the  Grande  Couronne. 
Here  the  Kaiser  came  in  person  to  witness 
a  battle  which  was  to  lay  all  France  at  his 
feet.  In  seven  days  of  hard  fighting,  how- 
ever, from  August  31st  to  September  6th, 
De  Castlenau  completely  repulsed  the  Ger- 
man attack.  Meanwhile,  Joffre,  on  Sep- 
tember 5th,  ordered  his  troops  south  of  the 
Marne  to  take  the  offensive.  In  order  to 
give  better  support  to  the  armies  east  of 
him.  Von  Kluck  turned  eastward,  march- 
ing directly  across  the  British  front.  He 
thereby  exposed  his  flank  to  the  British, 
who  promptly  attacked.  A  more  serious 
blow  was  dealt  by  the  Sixth  French  army 
under  General  Manoury,  which,  marching 
out  of  Paris,  struck  the  German  flank  north 
of  Meaux.  Von  Kluck  turned  back  to  meet 
this  danger,  trusting  to  his  associates  to 
extend  westward  and  fill  the  gap.  Near 
Le  Fere  Champenoise  the  movement  miss- 
ed connection.  General  Foch,  in  command 
of  the  Ninth  army,  threw  his  Moroccans 
and  French  into  the  gap,  and  the  Kaiser's 
one  chance  for  crushing  France  and  attain- 
ing world  empire  ended  right  there. 

The  pursuit  recovered  Chalons,  Reims  and 
Soissons,  but  Soissons  and  Reims  remained 
under  the  fire  of  the  German  artillery  and 
were  ruthlessly  battered  to  ruins.  The 
Germans  even  shelled  and  destroyed  the 
beautiful  Reims  cathedral  to  the  horror  of 
civilization,  though  at  the  time  the  first 
shells  fell  it  was  being  used  as  a  hospital 
for  German  wounded. 

The  British,  although  the  public 
thought  otherwise  at  the  time,  had  but  a 
small  part  in  the  battle  of  the  Marne,  be- 
ing called  on  for  little  more  than  to  follow 
up  retreat.  They  had  only  about  80,000 
men  on  the  field  as  compared  with  800,000 
French  and  more  than  1,000,000  Germans. 
The  victory  was  due  to  the  attacks  of  Man- 
oury and  Foch  and  the  stand  of  De  Castle- 
nau east  of  Nancy,  so  far  as  it  can  be  at- 
tributed to   any  part  of  the   Allied   army 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


more  than  to  another.  The  British,  how- 
ever, bore  the  principal  burden  of  the  bat- 
tle of  the  Aisne,  which  followed  on  Sep- 
tember 12-14th.  They  crossed  the  Aisne 
on  a  twenty-mile  front  and  forced  back  the 
German  line  from  the  region  of  Missy  to 
Troyon  on  the  Chemin  des  Dames.  The 
taking  of  Troyon  on  the  14th  by  the  First 
corps  under  General  Sir  Douglas  Haig  was 
a  particularly  brilliant  achievement. 

But  the  Germans  had  reinforced  their 
front  by  calling  in  the  garrisons  from 
Amiens  and  other  points  west  of  the 
Somme,  thereby  relinquishing  the  open 
gateway  to  the  Channel  ports,  for  the  re- 
covery of  which  they  were  to  fight  desper- 
ately during  the  succeeding  years.  The 
surrender  on  September  9th  of  Maubeuge 
after  a  siege  of  ten  days  also  released  a 
considerable  force,  which  was  rushed  at 
once  to  the  Aisne.  By  the  17th  the  Allies 
had  concluded  that  the  German  positions 
were  too  strong  to  be  forced  by  frontal  at- 
tack, and  thereafter  the  armies  on  the 
Aisne  began  to  settle  down  into  trench  lines 
which  were  maintained  with  slight  changes 
for  the  next  four  years. 

Meanwhile,  terrible  things  had  been  hap- 
pening in  Belgium.  The  first  considerable 
town  entered  by  the  Germans  after  cross- 
ing the  Belgian  border  was  Vise,  a  place  of 
4,500  population.  They  did  little  damage 
when  they  passed  through  on  August  4th, 
but  on  the  15th,  after  the  capture  of  Liege, 
they  returned  and  systematically  burned 
the  entire  village  and  scattered  the  inhabi- 
tants. When  Hugh  Gibson,  the  American 
consul  at  Brussels,  visited  the  spot  four 
months  afterward,  he  found  there  only 
two  or  three  houses,  one  old  man,  two  chil- 
dren and  a  cat.  There  was  no  excuse  for 
this  atrocity.  It  was  the  first  act  in  the 
German  policy,  later  to  become  familiar,  of 
making  war,  not  on  armies  alone,  but  on 
the  entire  population  of  the  countries  which 
opposed  them.  The  people  of  Vise  were 
punished  because  the  Belgian  army  had 
dared  to  resist  the  Germans  at  Liege.  It 
was  the  application  to  civilized  Europe  of 


the  same  terrible  methods  which  the  Ger- 
mans had  employed  to  subdue  rebellious 
negroes  in  their  African  colonies. 

What  happened  to  Vise,  however,  was 
but  an  introduction.  The  atrocity  which 
aroused  the  greatest  horror  was  the  burn- 
ing of  Louvain,  a  university  city  of  45,000 
inhabitants.  On  August  24-25th,  the  Bel- 
gian army  made  a  sortie  from  Antwerp  and 
drove  the  Germans  back  some  distance.  It 
is  said  that  German  troops  retreating  into 
Louvian  were  fired  on  erroneously  by  the 
German  garrison.  The  Germans  said  they 
were  sniped  by  citizens.  Whichever  story 
was  true,  on  the  27th  the  Germans  began 
to  pillage  and  destroy  the  town.  The  popu- 
lation was  driven  out,  old  men,  women, 
children  and  lunatics  from  the  asylum. 
Many  were  crowded  into  railroad  cars  and 
carried  off  into  Germany  under  conditions 
which  entailed  appalling  suffering.  Many 
were  murdered  in  the  town.  It  was  a  sav- 
age, drunken  orgy,  which  continued  for 
eight  days.  The  cathedral  and  university 
library  were  destroyed  and  about  one- 
third  of  the  city.  Similar  scenes  were  en- 
acted all  over  Eastern  Belgium  during  the 
latter  clays  of  August  and  early  Septem- 
ber. On  September  10-14th,  the  Belgian 
army  made  its  last  and  most  successful  sal- 
ly from  Antwerp,  hoping  to  menace  the 
German  flank  sufficiently  to  affect  the  posi- 
tion on  the  Aisne.  The  Belgians  recover- 
ed Malines,  Aerschot  and  Diest  only  to 
find  them  reduced  to  ruins.  Tamines,  Din- 
ant  and  Andenne  were  among  the  other 
most  important  places  that  suffered.  Ant- 
werp on  August  26th  was  the  victim  of  an- 
other kind  of  atrocity  when  a  German 
Zeppelin  dropped  bombs  on  the  heart  of 
the  city — the  first  example  of  the  use  which 
the  Germans  were  to  make  of  their  dirigi- 
ble balloons. 

The  Belgians  had  not  only  been  subject- 
ed to  fire  and  sword,  as  in  the  ancient  days 
of  savagery,  but  they  were  in  danger  of 
starvation  from  the  stoppage  of  industry 
and  absorption  of  food  supplies  by  the  in- 
vaders.    For  four  years  the  people  of  Bel- 


8 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


gium  and  Northern  France  lived  mainly 
on  supplies  distributed  first  under  Ameri- 
can and  later  under  Spanish  direction,  suf- 
fering indescribable  horrors  to  the  very 
last.  Their  wrecked  cities  were  still  in  the 
condition  to  which  the  Germans  had  re- 
duced them  in  1914,  or  worse,  when  the 
country  was  recovered  in  1918. 

Although  the  mobilization  of  the  Rus- 
sians had  been  treated  by  Germany  as  a 
clanger  which  would  admit  of  no  further 
time  for  debate,  they  were  two  weeks  behind 
the  Germans  in  getting  into  action.  Their 
first  success  was  at  Gumbinnen,  about 
thirty  miles  inside  the  border  of  East  Prus- 
sia on  the  railroad  from  Koenigsberg  to 
Vilna.  Here  on  August  20-21st,  they  won 
a  battle,  small  in  itself,  but  very  important 
m  its  effect,  for  it  opened  East  Prussia  to 
invasion  and  caused  the  German  staff  to 
detach  several  corps  from  the  west  front 
to  protect  the  east.  This  undoubtedly  was 
a  most  important  contribution  to  the  Al- 
lied success  on  the  Marne. 

The  Germans  had  their  revenge,  how- 
ever, at  Tannenburg  on  August  29-31st 
when  General  von  Hindenburg  laid  the 
foundation  of  his  great  reputation  by  en- 
trapping and  annihilating  two  Russian  ar- 
my corps,  taking  70,000  prisoners.  The 
blow  was  not  a  vital  one  to  Russia,  but  the 
remainder  of  the  Russian  army  in  the  north 
after  a  battle  on  the  line  of  Augerburg-Al- 
lenburg-Wehlau,  September  7-13th,  was 
driven  out  of  East  Prussia  and  across  Si- 
walki  to  the  Niemen  River. 

In  the  south  the  Russians  were  more  for- 
tunate. The  Austrians  were  ready  first 
and,  advancing  from  Lemberg,  crossed  the 
border  into  Poland  and  won  a  battle  near 
Krasnik  on  August  23-26th,  advancing 
nearly  to  Lublin.  They  had  not,  however, 
found  the  main  Russian  concentration, 
which,  advancing  from  the  fortress  trian- 
gle of  Lutsk,  Rovno  and  Dubno,  seized  Tar- 
nopol  and,  pushing  forward  to  the  east  and 
south  of  Lemberg,  broke  the  Austrian  de- 
fense and  captured,  first  Halicz  and,  on 
September  2d,  Lemberg  itself.     The  Aus- 


trian army  was  thus  left  in  the  air,  with 
its  base  in  enemy  hands.  Its  plight  was 
made  worse  by  an  immediate  attack  on 
September  4-8th  along  the  line  of  Rawar- 
uska  and  Tomasov.  The  defeat  of  the  Aus- 
trians was  so  overwhelming  that  they  prob- 
ably would  have  been  forced  to  make  peace 
at  once,  if  they  had  not  had  Germany  to 
lean  on.  They  were  driven  back  in  the  en- 
suing months  to  the  outskirts  of  Cracow 
and  far  into  the  Carpathians.  Russian 
Cossacks  raided  well  into  Eastern  Hun- 
gary, but  unfortunately  they  were  not  in 
sufficient  force  to  hold  the  mountain  passes 
when  the  reaction  came. 

German  cavalry  had  raided  almost  to  the 
gates  of  Warsaw,  but  retired  to  the  German 
border  after  the  Austrian  defeat,  and  in 
the  latter  part  of  September  the  Russians 
resumed  the  offensive  in  the  north,  defeat- 
ing the  Germans  along  the  Niemen  and  at 
Augustowa  and  recovering  the  province  of 
Siwalki. 

Hindenburg  countered  by  a  movement 
across  the  ill-defended  Polish  frontier,  and 
by  the  middle  of  October  he  was  before 
Warsaw  in  force.  There  he  was  defeated 
in  a  battle  lasting  from  October  15-23d. 
He  retreated  out  of  Poland,  drawing  the 
Russians  after  him  in  the  direction  of  Cra- 
cow and  Czenstochowa.  But  this  retreat 
was  rather  strategic  than  forced.  Trans- 
ferring his  army  swiftly  to  the  West  Prus- 
sion  front,  he  again  entered  Poland  in  No- 
vember from  the  northwest.  A  series  of 
desperate  battles  followed.  The  Russians, 
moving  up  from  the  southwest,  at  one 
time  completely  surrounded  a  considerable 
detachment  of  the  German  army  under 
General  von  Morgen,  but  the  Germans 
fought  their  way  out  and  the  Russians  in 
early  December  were  forced  to  give  up 
Lodz  and  Lowicz  and  to  retire  to  the  line  of 
the  Bzura  and  Rawka  rivers  before  War- 
saw. 

No  help  could  be  sent  to  the  Serbians  with- 
out violating  neutral  territory,  and  they  had 
little  but  stout  hearts  to  depend  on.  They 
were  promptly     invaded     by  200,000  Aus- 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


trians,  but  rallying  along  the  Jadar  River, 
on  August  16-23d  they  amazed  Europe  by 
defeating  this  powerful  army  and  driving 
it  back  across  the  Danube  and  the  Save.  The 
Austrians  renewed  the  attempt  in  Novem- 
ber with  the  same  initial  success  as  before. 
On  December  2d,  they  captured  Belgrade, 
but  once  more  the  Serbians  rallied,  and  be- 
tween December  6th  and  14th  they  again 
won  a  complete  victory,  recovering  Bel- 
grade and  restoring  the  line  of  the  Danube 
and  the  Save,  which  they  maintained  for  a 
year. 

The  one  punctilious  nation  was  Japan. 
She  had  a  treaty  of  alliance  with  Great 
Britain  for  mutual  defense  in  the  East. 
While  it  did  not  bind  her  to  enter  the  Eu- 
ropean war,  the  opportunity  to  even  scores 
and  remove  a  menace  was  not  to  be  neg- 
lected. Promptly  on  August  16th  she  sent 
an  ultimatum  to  Germany,  demanding  the 
evacuation  of  the  Shantung  peninsula,  and, 
after  allowing  the  prescribed  week  to  pass, 
on  August  23d  declared  war.  Within  four 
days  a  blockade  of  Tsing-tao  was  establish- 
ed. By  September  2d  an  army  had  been 
landed,  and  on  November  7th,  after  some 
hard   fighting,   Tsing-tao   surrendered. 

Except  for  naval  work  in  the  Pacific  and 
the  Mediterranean  and  by  sending  supplies 
to  Russia,  Japan  took  no  further  part  in 
the  war  until  called  on  to  land  troops  in 
Siberia  in  1918. 

The  Germans  made  one  more  attempt  to 
break  the  French  front  in  late  September 
when  a  force,  advancing  from  Metz,  reach- 
ed and  took  Saint  Mihiel.  They  got  no  far- 
ther, but  the  Saint  Mihiel  salient  remained 
as  a  dagger  in  the  side  of  France  for  four 
years. 

Meanwhile,  after  the  Germans  had  taken 
their  stand  on  the  Aisne,  the  French  arm- 
ies under  Foch  began  a  movement  north- 
ward around  the  German  flank.  Battles 
were  fought  before  Saint  Quentin  and  Pe- 
ronne,  the  French  being  driven  back  across 
the  Somme.  There  were  other  actions  at 
Arras  and  Lens.    It  was  a  case  on  each  side 


of  racing  and  fighting  for  the  exposed 
flank  of  the  other  army. 

The  Germans,  recognizing  the  menace  of 
the  Belgian  army  at  Antwerp,  brought  up 
siege  guns  and,  after  the  Belgian  sortie  of 
September  10-14,  began  to  press  the  city 
closely.  The  British  sent  up  6,000  naval 
reserves  from  Ostend — a  puny  force — and 
on  October  7th  landed  the  Seventh  division 
of  infantry  and  some  cavalry  at  Zeebrugge 
with  the  purpose  of  further  reinforcing  the 
city.  They  were  too  late.  On  October  9th, 
the  Belgians  were  forced  to  evacuate,  with- 
drawing toward  the  coast. 

Meanwhile,  the  main  British  army  was 
transferred  from  the  Aisne  front  to  extend 
General  Foch's  line  in  Flanders.  The  First 
corps  arrived  in  time  to  take  part  in  the 
battle  for  Lille,  but  too  late  to  save  the  city, 
which  the  Germans  occupied  on  the  18th. 

The  broken  Belgian  army  had  abandoned 
Ghent,  Bruges,  Ostend  and  all  western 
Belgium  down  to  the  Yser  River,  where  it 
checked  the  Germans  by  flooding  the  coun- 
try- The  British  Seventh  division  from 
Zeebrugge  aided  the  retreat  of  the  Belgian 
army  and  then  took  position  on  its  flank 
before  Ypres.  The  remaining  six  divisions 
of  British  filled  the  gap  down  to  the  French 
sector,  and  the  continuous  front  from  the 
Channel  to  Switzerland  was  formed. 

The  first  battle  of  Ypres  lasted  from  the 
middle  of  October  till  well  into  November 
and  included  heavy  attacks  by  the  Germans 
against  the  Belgians,  particularly  at  Dix- 
mude.  The  British  at  first  attempted  to 
advance  and  thereby  gave  to  the  Ypres  po- 
sition its  bulging  form.  They  were  forced 
to  recognize  the  superior  numbers  and 
equipment  of  the  Germans,  however,  and 
were  themselves  fortunate  in  maintaining  a 
successful  defensive. 

There  were,  in  fact,  eventually  as  many 
as  750,000  Germans  facing  these  first  seven 
divisions  of  the  exhausted  British  regular 
army.  A  reinforcement  from  an  unlooked- 
for  source,  however,  was  obtained  in  Octo- 
ber when  a  corps  of  the  British-Indian  ar- 


10 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


my  was  landed  in  France.  The  first  of  the 
Indian  troops  went  into  action  near  Fes- 
tubert  on  October  21st.  They  remained 
in  France  during  the  winter  and  perform- 
ed good  service,  but  the  following  spring 
were  sent  back  to  Egypt. 

On  November  11th  the  Germans  made 
their  supreme  effort  to  break  through  to  the 
Channel  ports,  using  the  redoubtable  Prus- 
sian Guard.  Though  they  gained  some 
ground,  they  were  repulsed. 

Happily  the  French  brought  up  a  heavy 
reinforcement  in  time  to  discourage  the 
Germans  from  making  another  attack,  and 
the  lines  settled  down  into  muddy  and  fro- 
zen trenches  for  the  winter. 

The  Allied  cause  at  the  end  of  the  1914 
campaigns  looked  more  hopeful  than  it 
again  appeared  until  the  final  turn  of  the 
tide  in  1918.  The  Germans  had  been  beat- 
en in  open  battle  on  the  Marne  and  had 
been  blocked  at  Ypres  and  Saint  Mihiel. 
The  Russians  had  completely  broken  the 
Austrian  army  and,  despite  some  serious 
disasters,  had  fought  the  German  armies 
to  a  standstill.  The  Serbians  had  driven 
back  two  Austrian  invasions  and  held  their 
country  intact.  The  general  plan  of  cam- 
paign, devised  by  the  Allies  for  1915,  was 
to  occupy  as  large  a  force  of  Germans  as 
possible  in  the  west,  while  the  Russians 
with  their  great  numbers  and  wider  field 
for  maneuvering  should  attempt  either  to 
carry  the  war  into  Hungary  and  Germany 
or,  at  least,  to  draw  increasing  numbers 
to  the  eastern  front  until  the  German  line 
in  the  west  had  been  sufficiently  weakened 
to  admit  of  a  successful  assault.  But  the 
Allies  were  counting  too  much  on  the  Rus- 
sians. 

The  Grand  Duke  Nicholas  continued  his 
offensive  throughout  the  winter  in  the  Car- 
pathians and  by  spring  had  fairly  passed 
the  Beskid  range  and  was  looking  down  in- 
to the  plains  of  Hungary.  The  Turks  were 
defeated  on  the  border  of  Transcaucasia. 
A  second  invasion  of  East  Prussia  was  un- 
dertaken and  was  pushed  well  into  the  re- 
gion of  the  Mazurian  lakes.    There  on  Feb- 


ruary 12th  a  Russian  army  was  again  trap- 
ped and  routed  even  more  disastrously  than 
at  Tannenburg  in  the  preceding  August. 
The  pursuit,  which  lasted  till  the  22d,  drove 
the  Russians  into  Grodno  and  across  the 
Niemen.  The  Germans  claimed  100,000 
prisoners  and  more  than  300  cannon. 

The  blow  was  offset  and  Russian  hopes 
raised  to  the  highest  point  that  they  ever 
reached  during  the  war  when  on  March  22d 
the  fortress  of  Przemysl,  in  Galicia,  which 
had  been  under  siege  since  the  preceding 
November,  was  surrendered  with  an  Aus- 
trian army  of  130,000  men. 

But  the  Germans,  who  had  brought  the 
Austrian  armies  under  the  German  gener- 
al staff  and  were  now  intermingling  Aus- 
trian and  German  troops  throughout  the 
eastern  front,  were  preparing  a  terrible  re- 
venge. On  May  2d  the  blow  fell  along  the 
Dunajec  River,  being  concentrated  partic- 
ularly at  Gorlice.  The  heaviest  artillery 
fire  which  had  yet  been  felt  in  the  war  shat- 
tered completely  the  Russian  front.  The 
Russians  attempted  to  stand  along  the  San 
two  weeks  later,  but  were  again  over- 
whelmed. The  armies  in  the  Carpathians 
had  to  retreat  precipitately  and  narrowly 
escaped  capture.  Przemysl  and  Lemberg 
were  recaptured  during  June,  and  by  July 
the  Russians  were  driven  back  into  Poland. 
All  the  results  of  the  victories  in  the  pre- 
ceding September  were  lost,  and  the  Rus- 
sians had  been  dealt  a  blow  from  which 
they  never  fully  recovered. 

The  Allies  watched  these  events  without 
attempting  a  serious  diversion  in  the  west, 
but  they  undertook  a  series  of  minor  opera- 
tions, which  General  Joffre  described  as 
"nibbling."  The  taking  of  Steinbach  and 
Thann  early  in  January  gave  the  French 
a  hold  on  Alsace,  which  they  maintained 
throughout  the  war.  An  attempt  to  ad- 
vance from  Soissons  in  January  was  repuls- 
ed disastrously,  but  the  French  fared  bet- 
ter in  the  Champagne,  where  they  made 
considerable  gains  in  the  region  of  Perthes. 
There  was  another  success  at  Les  Eparges, 
on  the  heights  of  the  Meuse,  in  April.    Still 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


11 


more  important  were  a  series  of  operations 
near  Carency  in  May  and  June  which  re- 
sulted in  the  capture  of  an  elaborate  sys- 
tem of  trenches,  known  as  the  Labyrinth. 
This  was  the  first  development  of  a  method 
of  taking  trenches  and  was  due  to  General 
Foch. 

An  operation  in  support  of  the  French 
"nibblings,"  but  somewhat  more  ambitious, 
was  begun  by  the  British  north  of  La  Bassee 
on  March  10th.  In  an  attack  lasting  three 
days  the  village  of  Neuve  Chappelle  and 
adjoining  territory  were  captured,  but  the 
hope  of  breaking  through  the  German  lines 
failed  and  the  British  losses  were  out  of 
proportion  to  the  results  achieved.  It  was 
the  first  British  offensive  against  trench 
lines.  It  was  followed  in  April  by  a  suc- 
cessful attack  on  Hill  60. 

The  Germans  countered  by  introducing 
a  new  horror — the  most  dastardly  weapon 
ever  employed  in  civilized  warfare.  On 
April  22d,  French  and  Canadian  troops 
holding  the  line  from  Bixschoote  to  Lange- 
marck,  north  of  Ypres,  saw  a  strange  yel- 
low cloud  rise  from  the  German  trenches 
and  roll  slowly  toward  them.  It  was  the 
first  sight  of  poison  gas.  The  effect  on 
those  who  inhaled  it  was  frightful — a  slow 
death  by  torture  in  most  cases.  The  Mo- 
roccan contingent  with  the  French  fled  in 
panic.  The  Canadians  tied  their  handker- 
chiefs and  coatsleeves  over  their  faces, 
closed  the  gap  and  somehow  held  on.  Out 
of  three  brigades  they  lost  197  officers  and 
5,403  men.  British  and  Indian  units  were 
hurried  up,  and  the  Germans  gained  only 
about  two  miles. 

The  moral  effect  of  the  Russian  defeats 
was  largely  offset  among  the  Allies  by 
Italy's  declaration  of  war  on  Austria-Hun- 
gary on  May  23d.  Italy  had  declared  neu- 
trality on  August  4,  1914,  thereby  contri- 
buting to  the  success  at  the  Marne  by  re- 
leasing the  French  from  the  necessity  of 
guarding  the  Italian  border.  The  Ger- 
mans made  desperate  efforts  to  secure 
Italy's  alliance  or,  at  least,  her  continued 
neutrality,  but  the  Italians  were  fired  by 


the  Garibaldian  spirit  for  the  redemption 
of  Italian  lands  still  held  by  Austria.  More- 
over, they  distrusted  the  German  word. 
They  took  the  field  at  once  and  pushed  their 
lines  across  the  boundary,  but  gained  no 
important  success  during  1915. 

In  addition  to  taking  Tsing-tao,  the  Ja- 
panese quickly  occupied  the  Caroline,  Mar- 
shall and  Marianne  islands.  Australian  and 
New  Zealand  forces  seized  German  Samoa, 
the  Bismarck  archipelago,  the  Solomon  is- 
lands and  New  Guinea  in  August  and  Sep- 
tember, 1914.  Togoland  on  the  gulf  of 
Guinea  was  taken  by  forces  from  the  ad- 
joining British  and  French  colonies  also 
in  August,  1914. 

The  conquest  of  German  Southwest  Af- 
rica was  undertaken  by  the  Union  of  South 
Africa  under  the  Boer  premier.  General 
Louis  Botha.  He  led  a  brilliant  campaign 
across  the  deserts,  where  the  Germans  had 
poisoned  every  well  as  they  retired,  and  on 
July  9,  1915,  he  received  the  complete  sur- 
render of  this  entire  colony. 

Late  in  1915,  the  British  prepared  to 
take  revenge  for  their  defeat  at  Tanga  by 
organizing  a  strong  expedition  against  Ger- 
man East  Africa.  It  was  made  up  of  Brit- 
ish and  Boer  troops  under  command  of  the 
Boer  General,  Jan  Christian  Smuts.  The 
attack  was  made  from  British  East  Africa 
and  had  the  support  of  a  Belgian  force  mov- 
ing from  the  Congo.  During  the  spring  of 
1916  the  Germans  were  driven  from  the 
settled  parts  of  the  colony,  but  they  contin- 
ued to  keep  up  guerilla  warfare  in  the  re- 
mote jungles  until  the  end  of  the  war. 

The  Germans  in  the  Cameroons  also  of- 
fered strong  resistance.  Colonial  troops 
from  the  adjoining  British  and  French  pos- 
sessions carried  on  a  difficult  jungle  cam- 
paign during  most  of  1915,  and  on  Febru- 
ary 18,  1916,  gained  the  complete  conquest 
of  the  colony. 

The  Germans  were  not  content  with  their 
success  in  merely  driving  the  Russians  out 
of  East  Prussia  and  Galicia.  Their  pur- 
suit into  Southern  Poland  was  temporarily 
checked  by  the  Russians  near  Krasnik  on 


12 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


July  2-4th,  but  on  July  14th  the  Germans 
began  a  new  invasion  from  the  north,  at 
the  same  time  renewing  their  attack  in  the 
south.  Przasnysz,  fifty  miles  north  of  War- 
saw, was  quickly  taken.  Lublin  and  Cholm, 
southeast  of  Warsaw,  fell.  A  third  Ger- 
man-Austrian army,  driving  up  through 
southwest  Poland,  crossed  the  Vistula  be- 
tween Warsaw  and  its  protecting  fortress 
of  Ivangorod. 

The  Russian  soldiers  were  resisting  with 
splendid  courage,  but  their  government 
had  failed  them.  They  were  so  short  of 
rifles  that  men  were  sent  unarmed  into  the 
trenches  to  take  up  the  weapons  of  fallen 
comrades.  In  some  sectors  the  troops  were 
allowed  to  fire  only  eight  or  nine  cartridges 
per  day. 

With  both  flanks  turned,  the  troops 
which  had  stopped  the  Germans  on  the 
Bzura-Rawka  line  the  preceding  fall,  and 
held  it  ever  since,  had  no  choice  but  to  re- 
treat. Warsaw  was  taken  on  August  4th. 
The  Russians  foolishly  left  a  large  garrison 
in  the  fortress  of  Novogeorgievsk,  a  little 
northwest  of  Warsaw,  and  after  a  short 
siege  it  fell  to  the  German  42-centimeter 
guns  on  the  19th,  with  90,000  men  and 
1.200  cannon.  Brest-Litovsk,  with  an  enor- 
mous accumulation  of  stores  which  had 
never  reached  the  front,  was  blown  up  and 
burned  by  the  Russians,  and  the  Germans 
occupied  the  place  on  the  26th. 

Turning  to  the  fortresses  along  the  Nie- 
men,  the  Germans  captured  Kovno  on  the 
18th  with  800  guns,  Ossowietz,  Bialystok 
and  Olita  in  rapid  succession  and  Grodno 
on  September  2d.  Lutsk  and  Dubno,  two 
of  the  triangle  of  fortresses  protecting  Vol- 
hynia,  fell  early  in  September.  On  Sep- 
tember 18th  the  Germans  entered  Vilna. 
The  retiring  Russians  were  actually  sur- 
rounded east  of  Vilna,  but  fought  their  way 
out. 

The  retreat  never  halted  until  it  brought 
up  against  the  Dvina  River  from  Riga  to 
Dvinsk  in  the  north,  running  thence  south 
in  a  steady  straight  line  through  the  Prip- 
et  marshes,  a  little  east  of  Pinsk,  and  on 


through  Volhynia  into  Galicia.  In  the 
southern  sector,  however,  the  Russians 
made  an  encouraging  rally  in  September 
and  October,  and  after  defeating  the  Aus- 
trians  along  the  Sereth,  advanced  to  the 
Stripa  River,  where  they  established  a  sta- 
tionary front. 

The  Grand  Duke  Nicholas  was,  somewhat 
unjustly,  removed  from  command  and  was 
succeeded  nominally  by  the  Czar  in  person, 
with  the  capable  General  Alexieff  actually 
directing  the  armies  as  chief  of  staff. 

Urgent  as  was  the  need  for  a  diversion 
m  the  west,  the  Allies  were  not  able  to  at- 
tempt any  large-scale  movement  till  late  in 
September  after  the  Russian  debacle  was 
virtually  complete.  On  September  25th, 
following  a  prolonged  bombardment  along 
the  entire  front,  simultaneous  attacks  were 
delivered  by  the  British  a  little  north  of 
Lens  and  by  the  French  on  a  25-mile  front 
in  the  Champagne.  The  British  gained  the 
town  of  Loos  and  other  immediate  objec- 
tives, but  were  unable  to  hold  their  more 
advanced  ground.  The  French  carried  a 
stretch  of  territory  some  miles  deep.  At 
one  point  the  Moroccans  actually  broke  en- 
tirely through  the  German  line,  but  the 
great  object  of  starting  a  German  retreat 
failed.  The  battle  of  Loos  was  noteworthy, 
however,  as  the  first  big  test  of  the  new 
British  volunteers,  Kitchener's  First  Hun- 
dred Thousand. 

Having  disposed  of  Russia  for  the  time 
being  and  feeling  secure  in  the  west,  the 
Germans  now  turned  their  attention  to  the 
punishment  of  Serbia.  They  were  relying, 
however,  not  so  much  on  their  own  forces 
as  on  a  new  ally,  whom  their  diplomacy  had 
won  to  their  side.  The  Entente  nations  had 
taken  it  for  granted  that  Bulgaria,  owing 
to  her  historic  debt  of  gratitude  to  Russia, 
would  sympathize  with  them.  They  mis- 
judged the  character  of  Czar  Ferdinand 
and  the  bitterness  of  the  Bulgarians  toward 
the  Serbians  on  account  of  the  war  of  1913. 
When  it  was  realized  that  Bulgaria  was 
drifting  into  German  hands,  frantic  ef- 
forts were  made  to  avert  the  peril.     They 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


13 


were  too  late.  As  soon  as  a  German-Aus- 
trian force  under  Mackensen  appeared  on 
the  Danube  in  late  September,  Bulgaria  be- 
gan to  mobilize.  The  Serbians  fought  gal- 
lantly against  the  invaders  from  the  north 
for  two  weeks,  but  when,  on  October  14th, 
Bulgaria  declared  war  on  them  and  began 
an  invasion  from  the  east,  they  were  out- 
flanked and  helpless. 

Greece  had  a  treaty  of  alliance  with  Ser- 
bia against  Bulgaria,  and  the  Allies  exerted 
great  pressure  to  induce  her  to  go  to  the 
rescue.  The  British  offered  the  immediate 
cession  of  the  island  of  Cyprus  as  a  con- 
sideration. Premier  Venizelos  was  pro- 
Ally  and  readily  gave  the  British  and 
French  permissiion  to  occupy  Salonica, 
where  troops  which  had  been  intended  for 
Gallipoli  were  landed  and  hurried  into  Sou- 
thern Serbia.  King  Constantine,  however, 
was  married  to  the  Kaiser's  sister  and 
strongly  under  German  influence.  He  dis- 
missed Venizelos.  who  eventually  organiz- 
ed a  revolutionary  government  at  Salonica 
and  declared  war  on  Bulgaria,  but  Greece 
as  a  whole  did  not  enter  the  war  until  the 
abdication  of  Constantine  was  forced  in 
June,  1917. 

The  occupation  of  Salonica  enabled  the 
British  and  French  to  advance  up  the  Var- 
dar  valley  as  far  as  Gradsko,  but  they  were 
too  weak  and  too  late.  The  Italians  also  at- 
tempted a  diversion  in  Serbia's  favor  by  at- 
tacking strongly  along  the  line  of  the  Ison- 
zo,  but  diversions  were  the  only  aid  that 
could  be  given  and  they  were  not  enough. 
The  Serbians,  fighting  desperately  and  with 
no  thought  of  surrender,  could  do  no  more 
than  to  beat  off  flanking  movements  which 
attempted  to  encircle  them.  A  part  of 
their  army  retreated  into  Greece,  but  their 
main  body  made  a  frightful  march  across 
the  mountains  through  Albania.  Thou- 
sands died  of  starvation  and  exposure.  The 
famishing  remnant,  after  reaching  the 
coast,  was  transported  by  the  Italians  to 
the  island  of  Corfu,  where  the  troops  were 
reorganized  and  eventually  taken  back  to 
the  Macedonian  front  to  write  a  new  and 


glorious  chapter  in  Serbian  history.  The 
country  itself  remained  in  the  grip  of  the 
Austrians  and  Bulgarians  for  nearly  three 
years,   enduring   frightful   oppression. 

The  British  and  French  troops,  when  at- 
tacked by  the  Bulgarians  in  December,  re- 
tired to  the  Greek  border. 

Montenegro  and  Albania  were  in  turn 
quickly  overrun  by  Austrian  forces. 

If  1914  had  raised  the  hopes  of  the  Al- 
lies to  a  high  pitch,  the  campaigns  of  1915 
had  left  them  at  the  lowest  stage  of  depres- 
sion. While  Germany  was  as  far  as  ever 
from  overwhelming  France,  she  had  shat- 
tered the  power  of  Russia,  conquered  Ser- 
bia and  defeated  British  attacks  on  Tur- 
key. Any  compromise  peace  which  she 
might  secure  would  now  give  her  the  domi- 
nation of  the  entire  East,  and  it  was  nat- 
ural that  German  diplomatic  efforts  hence- 
forth should  be  directed  toward  compro- 
mise. 

The  opening  of  1916,  however,  brought 
an  Allied  success  in  a  remote  field  which 
revived  the  hope  of  Russian  recuperation. 
The  Grand  Duke  Nicholas,  after  his  remov- 
al from  the  chief  command,  was  assigned 
to  the  Caucasus  front.  He  organized  a 
brilliant  campaign  in  which  he  defeated 
the  Turks  near  the  foot  of  Mount  Ararat, 
captured  Erzeroum  in  February,  Trebi- 
zond  in  April  and  by  July  had  advanced  as 
far  as  Erzingam,  occupying  all  of  Eastern 
Armenia. 

The  Armenians  during  1915  had  been 
the  victims  of  an  almost  unbelievable  cam- 
paign of  extermination  by  the  Turks  with 
the  Germans  looking  on.  Out  of  a  popula- 
tion of  about  4,000,000  more  than  1,000,000 
perished.  The  Russians  were  too  late  to 
save  them,  but  at  least  a  safe  dwelling  place 
was  provided  temporarily  for  those  who 
had  escaped. 

The  Russian  diversion  was  also  insuffi- 
cient to  save  the  British  force  which  had 
been  under  siege  at  Kut-el-Amara,  on  the 
Tigris,  since  December  6,  1915.  The  Brit- 
ish had  occupied  the  head  of  the  Persian 
Gulf  early  in  1914  and    continued    to    ad- 


14 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


vance  with  light  forces  up  the  Tigris,  em- 
boldened by  repeated  victories,  until  by  No- 
vember, 1915,  they  were  within  25  miles  of 
Bagdad.  Near  the  ruins  of  ancient  Ctesi- 
phon,  on  November  22-24th,  they  met  a 
large  Turkish  army  and  were  obliged  to  re- 
treat 100  miles  to  Kut-el-Amara,  where 
they  had  established  an  advanced  base.  A 
narrow  pass  between  the  river  and  the 
swamps,  a  few  miles  farther  down  the 
stream,  was  fortified  by  the  Turks,  and  re- 
peated efforts  of  the  British  relief  expedi- 
tion during  the  winter  failed  to  break 
through  this  obstacle.  His  troops  being  re- 
duced to  starvation,  therefore,  General 
Townshend,  on  April  28,  1916,  was  obliged 
to  surrender  with  10,000  men. 

What  had  been  the  British  relief  army 
remained  before  Sanna-y-Yat  until  the  lat- 
ter part  of  February,  1917.  when  at  last 
the  drying  of  the  flooded  areas  enabled  it 
to  outflank  and  defeat  the  Turks.  Bagdad 
was  taken  two  weeks  later,  and  the  Turks 
were  driven  back  100  miles  farther,  all  of 
the  lower  Tigris  and  Euphrates  valleys 
falling  into  possession  of  the  British. 

Relieved  from  any  immediate  danger 
from  Russia  and  with  Serbia  conquered 
and  Turkey  secure,  the  Germans  planned 
to  open  the  campaign  of  1916  in  the  west 
with  a  blow  which,  if  it  did  not  repeat  the 
success  against  the  Russians,  would,  at 
least,  force  the  French  and  British  to  com- 
promise. The  point  selected  for  attack  was 
Verdun,  and  the  chief  command  was  given 
to  the  Crown  Prince  Friedrich  Wilhelm, 
that  the  expected  victory  might  reflect  more 
glory  on  the  Hohenzollern  house.  The  of- 
fensive began  on  February  20th  and  in  the 
opening  days  made  alarming  progress.  Fort 
Douaumont  was  taken  on  the  26th.  The  at- 
tack then  shifted  to  the  district  west  of  the 
Meuse  and  during  much  of  March  raged 
around  Dead  Man's  Hill  and  Hill  304,  shift- 
ing again  to  the  east  in  the  latter  part  of 
the  month,  when  Fort  Vaux  was  taken. 
The  French,  however,  resisted  so  stubborn- 
ly that  the  Germans  had  only  a  few  square 
miles  of  shell-wrecked  ground  to  show  for 


their  enormous  losses,  and  this  territory 
was  mostly  recovered  in  two  or  three  swift 
blows  during  the  fall  and  the  following 
spring. 

Probably  with  the  purpose  of  prevent- 
ing the  British  from  aiding  the  French  at 
Verdun,  the  Germans  on  June  2d  opened 
an  offensive  southeast  of  Ypres.  The  sec- 
tor attacked  was  held  mainly  by  the  Cana- 
dians, who  suffered  very  heavy  losses.  They 
gave  some  ground  at  first,  but  at  the  end 
of  two  weeks  had  entirely  recovered  it.  The 
Princess  Patricia's  Canadian  Light  Infan- 
try was  virtually  annihilated  in  this  action. 

The  British,  however,  under  Sir  Douglas 
Haig,  had  been  preparing  a  blow  which 
should  not  only  end  the  pressure  on  Verdun, 
but  should  turn  the  tide  of  war  in  the  west. 
On  July  1st,  after  a  bombardment  of  near- 
ly two  weeks  they,  with  the  co-operation  of 
a  French  army  on  their  right,  assaulted  the 
German  lines  on  both  sides  of  the  Somme 
Canal.  Both  the  British  and  French  broke 
through  along  the  canal  and  then,  facing 
to  the  north,  began  a  gruelling  drive  against 
the  exposed  end  of  the  German  line.  The 
campaign  lasted  till  well  into  the  fall.  Ev- 
ery village,  wood  and  farm  had  been  con- 
verted by  the  Germans  into  a  fortress. 
These  had  to  be  taken  inch  by  inch. 

September  15th  marked  the  introduction 
of  a  new  invention — the  "tank,"  a  heavily 
armored  traction  engine  which  climbed  over 
ditches  and  lumbered  across  any  ordinary 
obstacle,  spraying  death  from  its  machine 
guns  as  it  advanced.  In  the  first  tank  at- 
tack the  British  took  the  villages  of  Flers, 
Martinpuich  and  Courcelette.  This  engine 
became  the  most  important  new  invention 
for  use  on  land  that  was  developed  during 
the  war,  and  the  Germans  never  were  able 
to  match  it. 

The  battle  was  drowned  out  by  the  mud 
of  late  November  with  the  British  in  pos- 
session of  Combles  and  Thiepval  and  the 
French  commanding  ruined  Peronne.  If 
it  had  not  forced  a  general  retreat,  it  had 
reversed  the  high  hopes  with  which  the 
Germans  had  begun  the  year  in  the  west. 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


15 


The  confidence  that  the  Russians  could 
recover  from  the  disasters  of  1915  was  sup- 
ported early  in  June  by  the  opening  of  an 
offensive  from  the  Pripet  marshes  to  the 
Roumanian  border.  The  fortresses  of 
Lutsk  and  Dubno  were  recovered,  Czerno- 
witz  was  taken,  all  of  Bukowina  was  occu- 
pied, the  Austrian  line  in  Eastern  Galicia 
was  shattered  and  driven  back,  and  by  ear- 
ly September  the  Russians  were  before 
Halicz,  triumphant,  with  nearly  half  of 
Galicia  again  in  their  possession  and  Lem- 
berg  in  imminent  danger.  Here,  however, 
the  campaign  stopped,  probably  because  the 
supplies  which  had  been  accumulated  for 
it  were  running  low. 

The  German  offensive  plans  for  the 
spring  included  a  drive  by  the  Austrians 
against  the  Italians  in  the  Trentino.  It 
opened  on  May  loth  and  by  the  27th  had 
taken  Asiago.    Here  it  was  stopped. 

In  August,  the  Italians  countered  on  the 
Isonzo,  taking  Gorizia  and  the  Carso  pla- 
teau, a  formidable  obstacle,  the  assault  on 
which  was  like  scaling  the  walls  of  a  five- 
story  house. 

Encouraged  by  these  successes  and  by 
the  promise  that  a  large  Russian  army 
would  support  her,  Roumania,  on  August 
28th,  declared  war  on  Austria-Hungary. 
Roumania's  case  was  much  like  Italy's.  She 
sought  the  redemption  of  the  Roumanian 
population  which  made  up  most  of  the  in- 
habitants of  the  Hungarian  province  of 
Transylvania.  Concentrating  on  their  west- 
ern front,  the  Roumanians  swept  across 
the  mountains  and  captured  Kronstadt  and 
Hermanstadt.  Meanwhile,  however,  their 
southern  front  was  left  weakly  guarded. 
Hindenburg  had  become  chief  of  the  Ger- 
man staff.  He  sent  Falkenhayn,  his  pre- 
decessor, to  command  the  Austro-Hunga- 
rians  on  the  Roumanian  western  front  and 
Mackensen  to  direct  a  blow  from  the  Bul- 
garian side.  The  promised  Russian  army, 
which  was  to  have  swept  into  Bulgaria, 
amounted  to  only  a  few  weak  divisions,  and 
they  arrived  late.  This  was  the  first  evi- 
dence of   Russian    treason.     The    Rouma- 


nians were  beaten  in  the  Dobrudja  and  by 
late  October  had  lost  their  seaport,  Con- 
stansa.  Falkenhayn  drove  them  back 
across  the  mountains,  defeated  them  first 
at  the  Vulcan  pass,  then  at  Tirgu-Juil  and, 
finally,  in  December,  along  the  line  of  the 
Argechu  River.  Bucharest  was  taken  on 
December  6th.  The  campaign  closed  with 
the  Roumanian  army,  shattered  but  still 
plucky,  holding  a  short  front  along  the 
southern  border  of  Moldavia. 

To  aid  the  Roumanians  an  attack  on  the 
western  part  of  the  Macedonian  front  was 
delivered,  mainly  by  the  Serbian  troops. 
Monastir  was  taken  on  November  19th,  but 
the  Teutonic  forces  could  not  be  driven  far 
enough  back  to  put  the  city  out  of  range  of 
their  guns,  which  continued  to  shell  it  for 
the  next  year  and  a  half. 

The  death  of  Emperor  Francis  Joseph 
of  Austria-Hungary  on  November  21st  and 
the  succession  of  Lloyd-George  as  premier 
of  Britain  in  place  of  Mr.  Asquith  were 
two  important  governmental  changes  that 
closed  the  year. 

The  battle  cry  of  the  French  poilus  at 
Verdun,  "They  shall  not  pass,"  was  descrip- 
tive of  the  entire  war  in  1916.  Not  only 
at  Verdun,  but  at  Ypres,  in  the  North  Sea 
and  in  the  Italian  Trentino,  they  did  not 
pass.  And  the  successful  counter-blows  on 
the  Somme,  in  Galicia,  and  the  Caucasus 
and  on  the  Isonzo  gave  offensive  emphasis 
to  the  power  of  the  Allies.  Nowhere  ex- 
cept in  the  detached  campaign  against 
Roumania  had  the  Germans  been  able  to 
repeat  their  successes  of  1915.  If  the  Rus- 
sians could  have  continued  to  develop  the 
recuperative  strength  which  they  had 
shown  in  1916,  the  campaigns  of  1917 
might  well  have  brought  a  decisive  Allied 
victory.  But  intrigue  and  treachery  had 
been  at  work  in  Russia. 

It  was  probably  a  knowledge  of  the  suc- 
cesses of  their  agents  in  Russia  and  an  ex- 
pectation that  the  betrayal  of  Roumania 
was  to  be  followed  by  a  separate  peace  with 
the  Czar's  government  which  gave  the 
Germans  confidence  to  break  their  word  to 


16 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


the  United  States  for  the  third  time.  On 
January  31st,  they  gave  notice  that  after 
February  1st  they  would  resume  submarine 
ruthlessness.  This  was  a  contemptuous 
violation  of  both  the  Sussex  and  Arabic 
pledges  as  well  as  of  a  special  pledge,  given 
in  the  Frye  case,  not  to  sink  American 
ships.  The  Germans  may  have  believed 
that  the  influence  of  friends  in  American 
politics  and  the  strong  pacifist  sentiment 
in  the  southern  and  western  parts  of  the 
country,  which  in  the  winter  of  1916  had 
nearly  put  through  Congress  the  McLemore 
resolution  forbidding  Americans  to  travel 
on  foreign  ships  and  had  made  a  powerful 
appeal  for  an  embargo  on  the  export  of  mu- 
nitions, would  prevent  the  United  States 
from  entering  the  war  under  any  provoca- 
tion. They  undoubtedly  thought  that,  in 
any  event,  the  United  States,  having  made 
no  preparation,  would  be  unable  to  send 
troops  to  Europe  in  time  to  give  effective 
help  to  the  Allies,  and  that  might  well  have 
happened,  if  a  separate  peace  with  Russia 
in  the  spring  of  1917  had  permitted  Ger- 
many to  make  the  concentration  on  the  wes- 
tern front  which  she  effected  a  year  later. 
This  time  the  Germans  did  not  attempt 
to  hold  off  the  United  States  with  diplomat- 
ic notes  and  new  promises,  although  given 
ample  opportunity  to  do  so.  President 
Wilson,  when  he  severed  diplomatic  rela- 
tions on  February  3d,  still  declared  his  un- 
willingness to  believe  that  the  Germans 
would  actually  do  as  they  threatened.  The 
sinking    of    several    ships,    including    two 


American  merchantmen  and  the  liner  La- 
conic,, by  which  three  American  lives 
were  lost,  removed  all  doubt  on  that  point. 
'Feeling  was  further  intensified  by  the  dis- 
covery of  a  secret  message  from  the  Ger- 
man foreigh  minister,  Zimmermann,  to 
the  German  minister  to  Mexico,  directing 
him  to  propose  to  Mexico  an  alliance  with 
Germany  against  the  United  States,  and 
that  Mexico  should  conquer  Texas,  Arizo- 
na and  New  Mexico  and  should  attempt  to 
draw  Japan  into  the  plan.  The  President 
then,  on  February  26th,  proposed  a  resort 
to  "armed  neutrality,"  asking  authority  to 
arm  American  ships  for  defense  but  again 
expressed  the  hope  that  it  would  "not  be 
necessary  to  put  armed  forces  anywhere 
into  action."  The  opposition  of  twelve 
senators  prevented  the  granting  of  this  au- 
thority before  the  expiration  of  Congress 
on  March  4th,  but  the  President  proceeded 
to  arm  merchant  ships  under  his  general 
powers  and  called  a  special  session  of  Con- 
gress to  meet  on  April  2d.  More  ships  had 
been  sunk  in  the  meantime,  and  there  was 
no  further  hesitation.  When  the  President 
asked  Congress  to  declare  war,  however,  he 
based  his  action,  not  alone  on  the  special 
grievances  of  the  United  States,  but  on  the 
general  course  of  the  German  government, 
which  he  called  a  "challenge  to  all  man- 
kind." He  denounced  the  German  autoc- 
racy as  "the  natural  foe  of  liberty"  and 
asked  for  action  because  "the  world  must 
be  made  safe  for  democracy." 


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OFF  AT  DAWX  FOR  A  TRIP  OVER  THE  LINES 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


17 


President  Wilson's  War  Message  to  Congress 


Gentlemen  of  the  Congress: 

I  have  called  the  Congress  into  extra- 
ordinary session  because  there  are  serious, 
very  serious,  choices  of  policy  to  be  made, 
and  made  immediately,  which  it  was  nei- 
ther right  nor  constitutionally  permissible 
that  I  should  assume  the  responsibility  of 
making. 

On  the  3d  of  February  last  I  officially 
laid  before  you  the  extraordinary  an- 
nouncement of  the  Imperial  German  Gov- 
ernment that  on  and  after  the  first  day  of 
February  it  was  its  purpose  to  put  aside 
all  restraints  of  law  or  of  humanity  and 
use  its  submarines  to  sink  every  vessel  that 
sought  to  approach  either  the  ports  of 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland  or  the  western 
coasts  of  Europe  or  any  of  the  ports  con- 
trolled by  the  enemies  of  Germany  within 
the  Mediterranean.  That  had  seemed  to 
be  the  object  of  the  German  submarine 
warfare  earlier  in  the  war,  but  since  April 
of  last  year  the  Imperial  Government  had 
somewhat  restrained  the  commanders  of 
its  undersea  craft,  in  conformity  with  its 
promise,  then  given  to  us,  that  passenger 
boats  should  not  be  sunk  and  that  clue  warn- 
ing would  be  given  to  all  other  vessels 
which  its  submarines  might  seek  to  destroy, 
when  no  resistance  was  offered  or  escape 
attempted,  and  care  taken  that  their  crews 
were  given  at  least  a  fair  chance  to  save 
their  lives  in  their  open  boats.  The  pre- 
cautions taken  were  meagre  and  haphaz- 
ai'd  enough,  as  was  pi-oved  in  distressing  in- 
stance after  instance  in  the  progress  of  the 
cruel  and  unmanly  business,  but  a  certain 
degree  of  restraint  was  observed. 

The  new  policy  has  swept  every  restric- 
tion aside.  Vessels  of  every  kind,  whatever 
their  flag,  their  character,  their  cargo,  their 
destination,  their  errand,  have  been  ruth- 
lessly sent  to  the  bottom  without  warning 
and  without  thought  of  help  or  mercy  for 
those  on  board,  the  vessels  of  friendly  neu- 
trals along  with  those  of  belligerents.  Even 


hospital  ships  and  ships  carrying  relief  to 
the  sorely  bereaved  and  stricken  people  of 
Belgium,  though  the  latter  were  provided 
with  safe  conduct  through  the  prescribed 
areas  by  the  German  Government  itself  and 
were  distinguished  by  unmistakable  marks 
of  identity,  have  been  sunk  with  the  same 
reckless  lack  of  compassion  or  of  princi- 
ple. 

I  was  for  a  little  while  unable  to  believe 
that  such  things  would  in  fact  be  done  by 
any  government  that  had  hitherto  sub- 
scribed to  humane  practices  of  civilized 
nations.  International  law  had  its  origin 
in  the  attempt  to  set  up  some  law  which 
would  be  respected  and  observed  upon  the 
seas,  where  no  nation  has  right  of  domin- 
ion and  where  lay  the  free  highways  of  the 
world.  By  painful  stage  after  stage  has 
that  law  been  built  up,  with  meagre  enough 
results,  indeed,  after  all  was  accomplish- 
ed that  could  be  accomplished,  but  always 
with  a  clear  view,  at  least,  of  what  the 
heart  and  conscience  of  mankind  demanded. 

This  minimum  of  right  the  German  Gov- 
ernment has  swept  aside,  under  the  plea 
of  retaliation  and  necessity  and  because 
it  had  no  weapons  which  it  could  use  at  sea 
except  these,  which  it  is  impossible  to  em- 
ploy, as  it  is  employing  them,  without 
throwing  to  the  wind  all  scruples  of  human- 
ity or  of  respect  for  the  understandings 
that  were  supposed  to  underlie  the  inter- 
course of  the  world. 

I  am  not  now  thinking  of  the  loss  of 
property  involved,  immense  and  serious  as 
that  is,  but  only  of  the  wanton  and  whole- 
sale destruction  of  the  lives  of  non-com- 
batants, men,  women  and  children,  engaged 
in  pursuits  which  have  always,  even  in  the 
darkest  periods  of  modern  history,  been 
deemed  innocent  and  legitimate.  Proper- 
ty can  be  paid  for;  the  lives  of  peaceful  and 
innocent  people  can  not  be.  The  present 
German  submarine  warfare  against  com- 
merce is  a  warfare  against  mankind. 


18 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


It  is  a  war  against  all  nations.  Ameri- 
can ships  have  been  sunk,  American  lives 
taken,  in  ways  which  it  has  stirred  us  very 
deeply  to  learn  of,  but  the  ships  and  peo- 
ple of  other  neutral  and  friendly  nations 
have  been  sunk  and  overwhelmed  in  the 
waters  in  the  same  way.  There  has  been 
no  discrimination. 

The  challenge  is  to  all  mankind.  Each 
nation  must  decide  for  itself  how  it  will 
meet  it.  The  choice  we  make  for  ourselves 
must  be  made  with  a  moderation  of  coun- 
sel and  a  temperateness  of  judgment  be- 
fitting our  character  and  our  motives  as  a 
nation.  We  must  put  excited  feeling  away. 
Our  motive  will  not  be  revenge  or  the  vic- 
torious assertion  of  the  physical  might  of 
the  nation,  but  only  the  vindication  of  right, 
of  humane  right,  of  which  we  are  only  a 
single  champion. 

When  I  addressed  the  Congress  on  the 
26th  of  February  last  I  thought  that  it 
would  suffice  to  assert  our  neutral  rights 
with  arms,  our  right  to  use  the  seas  against 
unlawful  interference,  our  right  to  keep  our 
people  safe  against  unlawful  violence.  But 
armed  neutrality,  it  now  appears,  is  im- 
practicable. Because  submarines  are  in  ef- 
fect outlaws,  when  used  as  the  German 
submarines  have  been  used  against  mer- 
chant shipping,  it  is  impossible  to  defend 
ships  against  their  attacks  as  the  law  of 
nations  has  assumed  that  merchantmen 
would  defend  themselves  against  priva- 
teers or  cruisers,  visible  craft  giving  chase 
upon  the  open  sea.  It  is  common  prudence 
in  such  circumstances,  grim  necessity  in- 
deed, to  endeavor  to  destroy  them  before 
they  have  shown  their  own  intention.  They 
must  be  dealt  with  upon  sight,  if  dealt  with 
at  all. 

The  German  Government  denies  the  right 
of  neutrals  to  use  arms  at  all  within  the 
areas  of  the  sea  which  it  has  prescribed, 
even  in  the  defense  of  rights  which  no  mod- 
ern publicist  has  ever  before  questioned 
their  right  to  defend.  The  intimation  is  con- 
veyed that  the  armed  guards  which  wTe  have 
placed  on  our  merchant  ships  will  be  treat- 


ed as  beyond  the  pale  of  law  and  subject 
to  be  dealt  with  as  pirates  would  be.  Armed 
neutrality  is  ineffectual  enough  at  best;  in 
such  circumstances  and  in  the  face  of  such 
pretensions  it  is  worse  than  ineffectual;  it 
is  likely  only  to  produce  what  it  was  meant 
to  prevent ;  it  is  practically  certain  to  draw 
us  into  the  war  without  either  the  rights 
or  the  effectiveness  of  belligerents.  There 
is  one  choice  we  can  not  make,  we  are  inca- 
pable of  making ;  we  will  not  choose  the 
path  of  submission  and  suffer  the  most  sa- 
cred rights  of  our  nation  and  our  people  to 
be  ignored  or  violated.  The  wrongs  against 
which  we  now  array  ourselves  are  no  com- 
mon wrong;  they  cut  to  the  very  roots  of 
human  life. 

With  a  profound  sense  of  the  solemn  and 
and  even  tragical  character  of  the  step  I 
am  taking  and  of  the  grave  responsibilities 
which  it  involves,  but  in  unhesitating  obe- 
dience to  what  I  deem  my  constitutional 
duty,  I  advise  that  the  Congress  declare  the 
recent  course  of  the  Imperial  German  Gov- 
ernment to  be  in  fact  nothing  less  than  war 
against  the  Government  and  people  of  the 
United  States ;  that  it  formally  accept  the 
status  of  belligerent  which  has  thus  been 
thrust  upon  it ;  and  that  it  take  immediate 
steps  not  only  to  put  the  country  in  a  more 
thorough  state  of  defense,  but  also  to  exert 
all  its  power  and  employ  all  its  resources 
to  bring  the  Government  of  the  German 
Empire  to  terms  and  end  the  war. 

What  this  will  involve  is  clear.  It  will 
involve  the  utmost  practicable  co-operation 
in  counsel  and  action  with  the  Govern- 
ments now  at  war  with  Germany,  and,  as 
incident  to  that,  the  extension  to  those  Gov- 
ernments of  the  most  liberal  financial  cred- 
its, in  order  that  our  resources  may  so  far 
as  possible  be  added  to  theirs. 

It  will  involve  the  organization  and  mob- 
ilization of  all  the  material  resources  of 
the  country  to  supply  the  materials  of  war 
and  serve  the  incidental  needs  of  the  na- 
tion in  the  most  abundant  and  yet  the  most 
economical  and  efficient  way  possible. 

It  will  involve  the  immediate  full  equip- 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


19 


ment  of  the  navy  in  all  respects,  but  partic- 
ularly in  supplying  it  with  the  best  means 
of  dealing  with  the  enemy's  submarines. 

It  will  involve  the  immediate  addition 
to  the  armed  forces  of  the  United  States, 
already  provided  for  by  law  in  case  of  war, 
of  at  least  500,000  men,  who  should,  in  my 
opinion,  be  chosen  upon  the  principle  of 
universal  liability  to  service,  and  also  the 
authorization  of  subsequent  additional  in- 
crements of  equal  force  so  soon  as  they 
may  be  needed  and  can  be  handled  in  train- 
ing. 

It  will  involve  also,  of  course,  the  grant- 
ing of  adequate  credits  to  the  Government, 
sustained,  I  hope  so  far  as  they  can  equit- 
ably be  sustained  by  the  present  generation, 
by  well  conceived  taxation. 

I  say  sustained  so  far  as  may  be  equit- 
able by  taxation,  because  it  seems  to  me 
that  it  would  be  most  unwise  to  base  the 
credits,  which  will  now  be  necessary,  en- 
tirely on  money  borrowed.  It  is  our  duty, 
I  most  respectfully  urge,  to  protect  our 
people,  so  far  as  we  may,  against  the  very 
serious  hardships  and  evils  which  would 
be  likely  to  arise  out  of  the  inflation  which 
would  be  produced  by  vast  loans. 

In  carrying  out  the  measures  by  which 
these  things  are  to  be  accomplished  we 
should  keep  constantly  in  mind  the  wisdom 
of  interfering  as  little  as  possible  in  our 
own  preparation  and  in  the  equipment  of 
our  military  forces  with  the  duty — for  it 
will  be  a  very  practical  duty — of  supplying 
the  nations  already  at  war  with  Germany 
with  the  materials  which  they  can  obtain 
only  from  us  or  by  our  assistance.  They 
are  in  the  field  and  we  should  help  them  in 
every  way  to  be  effective  there. 

I  shall  take  the  liberty  of  suggesting, 
through  the  several  executive  departments 
of  the  Government,  for  the  consideration  of 
your  committees,  measures  for  the  accom- 
plishment of  the  several  objects  I  have 
mentioned.  I  hope  that  it  will  be  your 
pleasure  to  deal  with  them  as  having  been 
framed  after  very  careful  thought  by  the 
branch  of  the  Government  upon  whom  the 


responsibility  of  conducting  the  war  and 
safe-guarding  the  nation  will  most  direct- 
ly fall. 

While  we  do  these  things,  these  deeply 
momentous  things,  let  us  be  very  clear,  and 
make  very  clear  to  all  the  world,  what  our 
motives  and  our  objects  are.  My  own 
thought  has  not  been  driven  from  its  habit- 
ual and  normal  course  by  the  unhappy 
events  of  the  last  two  months,  and  I  do  not 
believe  that  the  thought  of  the  nation  has 
been  altered  or  clouded  by  them.  I  have 
exactly  the  same  things  in  mind  now  that 
I  had  in  mind  when  I  addressed  the  Sen- 
ate on  the  22nd  of  January  last ;  the  same 
that  I  had  in  mind  when  I  addressed  the 
Congress  on  the  3rd  of  February  and  on 
the  26th  of  February.  Our  object  now,  as 
then,  is  to  vindicate  the  principles  of  peace 
and  justice  in  the  life  of  the  world  as 
against  selfish  and  autocratic  power,  and 
to  set  up  among  the  really  free  and  self- 
governed  peoples  of  the  world  such  a  con- 
cert of  purpose  and  of  action  as  will  hence- 
forth insure  the  observance  of  those  prin- 
ciples. 

Neutrality  is  no  longer  feasible  or  de- 
sirable where  the  peace  of  the  world  is  in- 
volved and  the  freedom  of  its  peoples,  and 
the  menace  to  that  peace  and  freedom  lies 
in  the  existence  of  autocratic  governments, 
backed  by  organized  force  which  is  con- 
trolled wholly  by  their  will,  not  by  the  will 
of  their  people.  We  have  seen  the  last  of 
neutrality  in  such  circumstances.  We  are 
at  the  beginning  of  an  age  in  which  it  will 
be  insisted  that  the  same  standards  of  con- 
duct and  of  responsibility  for  wrong  done 
shall  be  observed  among  nations  and  their 
governments  that  are  observed  among  the 
individual   citizens  of  the  civilized   States. 

We  have  no  quarrel  with  the  German 
people.  We  have  no  feeling  toward  them 
but  one  of  sympathy  and  friendship.  It 
was  not  upon  their  impulse  that  their  Gov- 
ernment acted  in  entering  this  war.  It 
was  not  with  their  previous  knowledge  or 
approval.  It  was  a  war  determined  upon 
as  wars  used  to  be  determined  upon  in  the 


20 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


old,  unhappy  days,  when  peoples  were  no- 
where consulted  by  their  rulers  and  wars 
were  provoked  and  waged  in  the  interest 
of  dynasties  or  of  little  groups  of  ambiti- 
ous men,  who  were  accustomed  to  use  their 
fellow  men  as  pawns  and  tools. 

Self-governed  nations  do  not  fill  their 
neighbor  States  with  spies  or  set  the  course 
of  intrigue  to  bring  about  some  critical  pos- 
ture of  affairs  which  will  give  them  an  op- 
portunity to  strike  and  make  conquest. 
Such  designs  can  be  successfully  worked 
out  only  under  cover  and  where  no  one  has 
the  right  to  ask  questions.  Cunningly  con- 
trived plans  of  deception  or  aggression, 
carried,  it  may  be,  from  generation  to  gen- 
eration, can  be  worked  out  and  kept  from 
the  light  only  within  the  privacy  of  courts 
or  behind  the  carefully  guarded  confidence 
of  a  narrow  and  privileged  class.  They 
are  happily  impossible  where  public  opin- 
ion commands  and  insists  upon  full  infor- 
mation concerning  all  the  nation's  affairs. 

A  steadfast  concert  for  peace  can  never 
be  maintained  except  by  a  partnership  of 
democratic  nations.  No  autocratic  govern- 
ment could  be  trusted  to  keep  faith  within 
it  or  observe  its  covenants.  It  must  be  a 
league  of  honor,  a  partnership  of  opinion. 
Intrigue  would  eat  its  vitals  away ;  the  plot- 
tings  of  inner  circles  who  could  plan  what 
they  would  and  render  account  to  no  one 
would  be  a  corruption  seated  at  its  very 
heart.  Only  free  peoples  can  hold  their 
purpose  and  their  honor  steady  to  a  com- 
mon end  and  prefer  the  interest  of  man- 
kind to  any  narrow  interest  of  their  own. 

Does  not  every  American  feel  that  as- 
surance has  been  added  to  our  hope  for  the 
future  peace  of  the  world  by  the  wonder- 
ful and  heartening  things  that  have  been 
happening  within  the  last  few  weeks  in 
Russia?  Russia  was  known  by  those  who 
knew  her  best  to  have  been  always  in  fact 
democratic  at  heart  in  all  the  vital  habits  of 
her  thought,  in  all  the  intimate  relations  of 
her  people  that  spoke  their  natural  instinct, 
their  habitual  attitude  toward  life.  The 
autocracy  that  crowned  the  summit  of  her 


political  structure,  long  as  it  had  stood  and 
terrible  as  was  the  reality  of  its  power,  was 
not  in  fact  Russian  in  origin,  character,  or 
purpose:  and  now  it  has  been  shaken  off 
and  the  great,  generous  Russian  people 
have  been  added,  in  all  their  naive  majesty 
and  might,  to  the  forces  that  are  fighting 
for  freedom  in  the  world,  for  justice  and 
for  peace.  Here  is  a  fit  partner  for  a 
League  of  Honor. 

One  of  the  things  that  has  served  to  con- 
vince us  that  the  Prussian  autocracy  was 
not  and  could  never  be  our  friend  is  that 
from  the  very  outset  of  the  present  war  it 
has  filled  our  unsuspecting  communities, 
and  even  our  offices  of  government,  with 
spies  and  set  criminal  intrigues  everywhere 
afoot  against  our  national  unity  of  counsel, 
our  peace  within  and  without,  our  indus- 
tries and  our  commerce.  Indeed,  it  is  now 
evident  that  spies  were  here  even  before 
the  war  began;  and  it  is  unhappily  not  a 
matter  of  conjecture,  but  a  fact  proven  in 
our  courts  of  justice,  that  the  intrigues 
which  have  more  than  once  come  perilous- 
ly near  to  disturbing  the  peace  and  dislocat- 
ing the  industries  of  the  country,  have  been 
carried  on  at  the  instigation,  with  the  sup- 
port, and  even  under  the  personal  direction 
of  official  agents  of  the  Imperial  Govern- 
ment accredited  to  the  Government  of  the 
United  States. 

Even  in  checking  these  things  and  trying 
to  extirpate  them  we  have  sought  to  put 
the  most  generous  interpretation  possible 
upon  them  because  we  knew  that  their 
source  lay,  not  in  any  hostile  feeling  or 
purpose  of  the  German  people  toward  us 
(who  were,  no  doubt,  as  ignorant  of  them 
as  we  ourselves  were),  but  only  in  the  sel- 
fish designs  of  a  Government  that  did  what 
it  pleased  and  told  its  people  nothing.  But 
they  have  played  their  part  in  serving  to 
convince  us  at  last  that  that  Government 
entertains  no  real  friendship  for  us,  and 
means  to  act  against  our  peace  and  securi- 
ty at  its  convenience.  That  it  means  to  stir 
up  enemies  against  us  at  our  very  doors, 
the  intercepted  note  to  the  German  Min- 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


21 


ister  at  Mexico  City  is  eloquent  evidence. 

We  are  accepting  this  challenge  of  hos- 
tile purpose  because  we  know  that  in  such 
a  Government,  following  such  methods,  we 
can  never  have  a  friend ;  and  that  in  the 
presence  of  its  organized  power,  always 
lying  in  wait  to  accomplish  we  know  not 
what  purpose,  can  be  no  assured  security 
for  the  democratic  governments  of  the 
world.  We  are  now  about  to  accept  the 
gauge  of  battle  with  this  natural  foe  to  lib- 
erty and  shall,  if  necessary,  spend  the 
whole  force  of  the  nation  to  check  and  nul- 
lify its  pretensions  and  its  power.  We  are 
glad,  now  that  we  see  the  facts  with  no 
veil  of  false  pretense  about  them,  to  fight 
thus  for  the  ultimate  peace  of  the  world  and 
for  the  liberation  of  its  peoples,  the  Ger- 
man peoples  included ;  for  the  rights  of  na- 
tions, great  and  small,  and  the  privileges 
of  men  everywhere  to  choose  their  way  of 
life  and  of  obedience. 

The  world  must  be  made  safe  for  democ- 
racy. Its  peace  must  be  planted  upon  the 
tested  foundations  of  political  liberty.  We 
have  no  selfish  ends  to  serve.  We  desire 
no  conquest,  no  dominion.  We  seek  no  in- 
demnities for  ourselves,  no  mateiial  com- 
pensation for  the  sacrifices  we  shall  freely 
give.  We  are  but  one  of  the  champions  of 
the  rights  of  mankind.  We  shall  be  satis- 
fied when  those  rights  have  been  made  as» 
secure  as  the  faith  and  the  freedom  of  na- 
tions can  make  them. 

Just  because  we  fight  without  rancor  and 
without  selfish  object,  seeking  nothing  for 
ourselves  but  what  we  shall  wish  to  share 
with  all  free  peoples,  we  shall,  I  feel  confi- 
dent, conduct  our  operations  as  belligerents 
without  passion  and  ourselves  observe  with 
proud  punctilio  the  principles  of  right  and 
fair  play  we  profess  to  be  fighting  for. 

I  have  said  nothing  of  the  Government 
allied  with  the  Imperial  Government  of 
Germany  because  they  have  not  made  war 
upon  us  or  challenged  us  to  defend  our 
right  and  our  honor.  The  Austro-Hunga- 
rian  Government  has,  indeed,  avowed  its 
unqualified  indorsement  and  acceptance  of 


the  reckless  and  lawless  submarine  war- 
fare, adopted  now  without  disguise  by  the 
Imperial  German  Government,  and  it  has 
therefore  not  been  possible  for  this  Govern- 
ment to  receive  Count  Tarnowski,  the  Am- 
bassador recently  accredited  to  this  Gov- 
ernment by  the  Imperial  and  Royal  Gov- 
ernment of  Austria-Hungary ;  but  that 
Government  has  not  actually  engaged  in 
warfare  against  citizens  of  the  United 
States  on  the  seas,  and  I  take  liberty,  for 
the  present  at  least,  of  postponing  a  discus- 
sion of  our  relations  with  the  authorities 
at  Vienna.  We  enter  this  war  only  where 
we  are  clearly  forced  into  it  because  there 
are  no  other  means  of  defending  our  rights. 

It  will  be  all  the  easier  for  us  to  conduct 
ourselves  as  belligerents  in  a  high  spirit  of 
right  and  fairness  because  we  act  without 
animus,  not  with  enmity  toward  a  people 
or  with  the  desire  to  bring  any  injury 
or  disadvantage  upon  them,  but  only  in 
armed  opposition  to  an  irresponsible  Gov- 
ernment which  has  thrown  aside  all  con- 
siderations of  humanity  and  of  right  and  is 
running  amuck. 

We  are,  let  me  say  again,  the  sincere 
friends  of  the  German  people,  and  shall  de- 
sire nothing  so  much  as  the  early  re-estab- 
lishment of  intimate  relations  of  mutual 
advantage  between  us,  however  hard  it  may 
be  for  them  for  the  time  being  to  believe 
that  this  is  spoken  from  our  hearts.  We 
have  borne  with  their  present  Govern- 
ment through  all  these  bitter  months  be- 
cause of  that  friendship,  exercising  a  pa- 
tience and  forbearance  which  would  other- 
wise have  been  impossible. 

We  shall  happily  still  have  an  opportuni- 
ty to  prove  that  friendship  in  our  daily  at- 
titude and  actions  toward  the  millions  of 
men  and  women  of  German  birth  and  na- 
tive sympathy  who  live  among  us  and  share 
our  life,  and  we  shall  be  proud  to  prove  it 
toward  all  who  are  in  fact  loyal  to  their 
neighbors  and  to  the  Government  in  the 
hour  of  test.  They  are  most  of  them  as 
true  and  loyal  Americans  as  if  they  had 
never  known  any  other    fealty    or    allegi- 


22 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


ance.  They  will  be  prompt  to  stand  with 
us  in  rebuking  and  restraining  the  few  who 
may  be  of  a  different  mind  and  purpose. 
If  there  should  be  disloyalty,  it  will  be  dealt 
with  with  a  firm  hand  of  stern  repression ; 
but,  if  it  lifts  its  head  at  all,  it  will  lift  it  on- 
ly here  and  there  and  without  countenance 
except  from  a  lawless  and  malignant  few. 

It  is  a  distressing  and  oppressive  duty, 
gentlemen  of  the  Congress,  which  I  have 
performed  in  thus  addressing  you.  There 
are,  it  may  be,  many  months  of  fiery  trial 
and  sacrifice  ahead  of  us.  It  is  a  fearful 
thing  to  lead  this  great,  peaceful  people  in- 
to war,  into  the  most  terrible  and  disas- 
trous of  all  wars,  civilization  itself  seeming 
to  be  in  the  balance. 

But  the  right  is  more  precious  than 
peace,  and  we  shall  fight  for  the  things 
which  we  have  always  carried  nearest  our 
hearts — for  democracy,  for  the  right  of 
those  who  submit  to  authority  to  have  a 
voice  in  their  own  governments,  for  the 
rights  and  liberties  of  small  nations,  for  a 
universal  dominion  of  right  by  such  a  con- 
cert of  free  peoples  as  shall  bring  peace 
and  safety  to  all  nations  and  make  the 
world  itself  at  last  free. 

To  such  a  task  we  can  dedicate  our  lives 
and  our  fortunes,  everything  that  we  are 
and  everything  that  we  have,  with  the 
pride  of  those  who  know  that  the  day  has 
come  when  America  is  privileged  to  spend 
her  blood  and  her  might  for  the  principles 
that  gave  her  birth  and  happiness  and  the 
peace  which  she  has  treasured. 

God  helping  her,  she  can  do  no  other. 

Woodrow  Wilson. 

Read  at  joint  session  of  the  Congress,  at 
Washington,    April   2,    1917. 

The  declaration  of  war  was  adopted  on 
April  6th  with  six  opposition  votes  in  the 
senate  and  50  in  the  house. 

In  addition  to  providing  for  a  large  in- 
crease in  the  Regular  army  and  National 
Guard  by  voluntary  enlistment,  a  general 
conscription  of  all  men  between  the  ages 
of   21   and   31   was   ordered.      Money   was 


raised  by  popular  bond  issue,  and  war  ac- 
tivities began  on  an  enormous  scale.  A 
naval  contingent  reached  Great  Britain  on 
May  4th  and  at  once  began  patrol  work 
against  submarines.  General  John  G. 
Pershing  was  appointed  to  command  the 
army.  He  landed  in  France  with  his  staff 
on  June  13th.  The  first  contingent  of  reg- 
ular troops  arrived  on  the  26th.  More 
than  a  year  passed,  however,  before  the 
United  States  began  to  take  an  active  part 
at  the  front. 

Cuba  followed  the  course  of  the  United 
States  at  once.  Brazil  immediately  severed 
diplomatic  relations,  but  did  not  declare 
war  till  October.  Bolivia,  Peru,  Uruguay, 
Ecuador  and  Santo  Domingo  either  severed 
diplomatic  relations  or  otherwise  indicated 
their  sympathy  with  the  United  States. 
Siam  declared  war  in  July,  and  China  in 
August.  Panama,  Hayti,  Guatemala,  Cos- 
ta Rica,  Honduras  and  Nicaragua  all  de- 
clared war.  Even  the  little  negro  republic 
of  Liberia  came  in.    The  world  was  at  war. 

Meanwhile,  startling  events  had  been 
happening  in  Russia.  The  extent  to  which 
the  ministers  who  controlled  the  Czar  had 
committed  themselves  to  a  separate  peace 
with  Germany  is  uncertain,  but  there  is  no 
question  that  the  government  had  fallen 
into  the  hands  of  a  reactionary  group  of 
bureaucrats  and  that  German  intrigue  had 
made  great  headway  with  them.  It  is 
equally  certain  that  the  leaders  of  the  army 
and  the  douma  were  strongly  patriotic. 
The  army  was  being  supported  mostly  by 
the  organization  of  zemstvoes.  The  gov- 
ernment, from  incompetence  or  treachery 
or  both,  had  completely  broken  down.  The 
people  were  starving  and  were  becoming 
riotous. 

The  Czar  was  summoned  from  his  staff 
headquarters  at  Moghileff.  When  the  meet- 
ing of  the  council  at  which  he  presided  ad- 
journed, he  had  given  his  royal  word  that 
before  he  slept  that  night  he  would  sign 
edicts  granting  to  Russia  a  responsible 
ministry  and  a  constitution.  That  night 
he   was   privately   visited   by   Protopopoff, 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


23 


minister  of  the  interior  and  credited  with 
being  the  head  of  the  German  influence 
since  the  murder  of  the  mystic  monk  Ras- 
putin a  few  weeks  before.  He  had  as  an 
ally  the  Czarina,  a  German  woman  and  rel- 
ative of  the  Kaiser,  who  was  probably 
chiefly  responsible  for  what  followed.  In- 
stead of  the  promised  edicts,  there  was  pub- 
lished a  decree  dissolving  the  douma  and 
ordering  General  Ivanoff,  a  staunch  impe- 
rialist, to  Petrograd  "to  take  over  all  power 
of  administration  as  dictator." 

There  was  no  further  attempt  at  compro- 
mise. The  douma  refused  to  disperse.  A 
provisional  government  was  organized.  The 
populace  raged  in  the  streets,  but  the  sol- 
diers, in  the  main,  refused  to  oppose  the 
people,  as  did  their  commander,  General 
Korniloff.  It  was  not  by  resolutions  of  the 
douma  politicians  or  by  demonstrations  of 
mobs,  however,  that  revolution  was  really 
effected,  but  by  the  decision  of  the  army 
chiefs.  Brusiloff  at  once  telegraphed  his 
adherence  to  the  revolutionary  government, 
Korniloff  placed  the  Czarina  under  arrest, 
and  it  was  Ruzsky,  commander  of  the  nor- 
thern front,  who  stopped  the  Czar's  train 
at  Pskoff,  where,  on  March  15th,  the  auto- 
crat of  all  the  Russians  was  compelled  to 
sign  his  abdication.  To  these  three  bril- 
liant leaders  of  the  1914-16  campaigns,  the 
Allied  world  owes  a  debt  of  gratitude 
which  it  has  ill  appreciated.  Their  adher- 
ence and  that  of  Alexieff,  the  chief  of  staff, 
gave  to  the  revolution  the  physical  power 
which  made  resistance  useless.  They  may 
have  had  little  interest  in  internal  reforms, 
but  they  knew  that  the  army  was  being  be- 
trayed to  the  enemy.  Whatever  motives 
may  have  inspired  others,  theirs  were  the 
acts  of  men  devoted  to  the  Allied  cause.  It 
is  a  melancholy  reflection  that,  like  many 
other  Russian  army  officers,  they  soon  af- 
terward became  martyrs. 

The  Russian  revolution  delayed  for  near- 
ly a  year  the  separate  peace  on  which  the 
Germans  undoubtedly  had  counted,  but  the 
new  regime  afforded  fertile  ground  for  the 
Germans  to  work  in  a  different  way.     The 


minister  of  justice  was  an  impractical  So- 
cialist orator  named  Kerensky.  One  of  his 
first  decrees,  which  was  distributed  direct- 
ly to  the  soldiers  without  the  knowledge  of 
the  officers,  broke  down  discipline  at  a 
stroke.  Fraternization  opened  wide  the 
doors  to  German  agents,  and  from  the  tene- 
ments of  New  York  and  Chicago  and  the 
exile  colonies  of  Switzerland  came  a  horde 
of  still  more  dangerous  enemies,  mysteri- 
ously risen  from  poverty  to  comparative 
affluence,  who  were  soon  to  take  the  name, 
Bolsheviki. 

Nevertheless,  Brusiloff  opened  an  offen- 
sive in  Galicia  in  July,  and  at  the  start 
made  encouraging  progress.  Only  a  few 
of  the  troops,  however,  were  reliable.  Most 
of  them  began  to  hold  meetings  of  soldiers' 
committees  to  debate  whether  they  should 
obey  commands.  The  counter-blow  gave 
the  Germans,  for  the  first  time  in  the  war, 
the  satisfaction  of  seeing  an  army  flee  be- 
fore them  in  disorganized  rout,  abandon- 
ing cannon  and  supplies.  All  Galicia  was 
lost.      Brusiloff   resigned,   broken-hearted. 

Korniloff,  who  was  appointed  to  succeed 
him.  within  a  month  attempted  to  over- 
throw Kerensky,  who  had  now  become  dic- 
tator. His  soldiers  would  not  support  him 
and  he  was  arrested.  Two  months  later 
it  was  Kerensky's  turn  to  fall  before  the 
forces  which  his  folly  had  developed,  and 
the  Bolsheviki  under  Lenine  and  Trotzky 
were  in  power. 

The  situation  was  now  in  the  hands  of 
the  Germans,  but  they  chose  to  play  with 
it  for  a  time.  Even  after  an  armistice  was 
signed  and  the  Bolsheviki  had  proclaimed 
the  end  of  the  war,  the  Germans  attacked 
them  and  drove  them  from  the  Baltic  pro- 
vinces. The  Germans  might  have  entered 
Petrograd  had  they  chosen.  They  imposed 
new  peace  terms  which  provided  for  the 
break-up  of  Russia  into  a  number  of  states, 
the  surrender  of  the  western  part  of  the 
country  and  the  payment  of  a  large  indem- 
nity. 

The  Ukrainians,  who  had  been  subjected 
to    an    independence    propaganda,    directed 


24 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


from  Germany  since  the  beginning  of  the 
war.  anticipated  the  Bolsheviki  by  a  few 
days  in  making  their  separate  peace  and 
were  rewarded  by  having  their  entire  coun- 
try immediately  occupied  and  plundered  by 
German  and  Austrian  troops  under  pre- 
tense of  protecting  them  from  the  Bolshe- 
viki. 

Deserted  Roumania  had  no  choice  but  to 
sign  such  terms  of  peace  as  she  could  get. 
Finland  accepted  the  Germans. 

Siberia  was  saved  by  some  thousands  of 
Czecho-Slovaks,  who  had  gone  over  from 
the  Austrian  to  the  Russian  side  early  in 
the  war  and  who  now  successfully  resisted 
the  attempt  of  the  Bolsheviki  to  deliver 
them  to  Austria.  To  aid  them,  the  Japa- 
nese, with  small  American  and  British  con- 
tingents, landed  at  Vladivostok  and  during 
August  and  September,  1918,  occupied  Eas- 
tern Siberia.  A  small  British  and  Ameri- 
can force  was  also  landed  at  Archangel  in 
August,  1918,  to  prevent  supplies,  accumu- 
lated there,  from  falling  into  the  hands  of 
the  Germans.  Although  no  insult,  aggres- 
sion or  appeal  of  self-interest  had  been  able 
to  induce  the  Lenine-Trotzky  government 
to  offer  any  resistance  to  the  Germans,  they 
met  these  moves  by  promptly  declaring 
that  a  state  of  war  existed  with  the  En- 
tente governments  and  the  United  States, 
and  in  the  north  they  organized  under  Ger- 
man officers  a  strong  resistance,  which  was 
continued  even  after  Germany  had  given 
up. 

These  later  events  in  Russia,  however, 
had  little  effect  on  the  war  as  a  whole. 
From  the  day  of  the  accession  of  the  Bol- 
sheviki Russia  ceased  to  be  a  factor  in  the 
war  for  human  liberty,  except  as  she  be- 
came a  hostile  factor. 

The  battle  of  the  Somme  had  been 
brought  to  a  halt  by  rain  and  mud  in  the 
fall  of  1916.  but  it  had  pierced  the  German 
front  so  far  as  to  make  the  line  between 
Arras  and  the  river  Oise  no  longer  ten- 
able. During  the  winter  Hindenburg  caus- 
ed a  new  line  of  trenches  and  entangle- 
ments to  be  built,  mostly  by  the  forced  la- 


bor of  Belgian  and  French  civilians  and  of 
prisoners.  It  curved  southeast  from  Ar- 
ras, running  a  little  west  of  Cambrai,  Saint 
Quentin  and  La  Fere  till  it  joined  the  old 
line  on  the  Ailette.  Before  retiring,  the 
Germans  systematically  devastated  the  en- 
tire country  between  their  old  and  new 
fronts — a  strip  six  to  eight  miles  wide. 
Every  village  and  farm  was  burned  or 
blown  up,  wells  were  poisoned,  even  the 
fruit  and  shade  trees  were  cut  down.  The 
able-bodied  inhabitants  of  both  sexes  were 
carried  off  into  slavery  and  only  a  few 
starving  old  men,  women  and  children,  pil- 
laged even  of  the  scanty  supplies  which  the 
Allied  relief  commission  had  given  them, 
were  left  behind.  It  was  a  German  corre- 
spondent who  gloatingly  described  this  re- 
gion as  "the  empire  of  death." 

The  Allies  detected  the  German  with- 
drawal late  in  February,  but  the  devasta- 
tion was  such  that  more  than  a  month  was 
required  to  occupy  the  abandoned  country 
and  all  of  the  following  summer  to  recon- 
struct it  sufficiently  to  permit  military  op- 
erations against  the  Hindenburg  line.  The 
British  preparation  for  a  spring  offensive 
however,  had  not  been  on  the  Somme  sec- 
tor, but  farther  north,  between  Arras  and 
Lens.  Here  they  opened  a  brilliant  attack 
on  April  9th,  carrying  Vimy  Ridge  in  a 
single  magnificent  rush  and  towns  farther 
east  in  the  succeeding  days,  including  the 
city  of  Lievin,  the  western  suburb  of  Lens. 

At  about  the  same  time  the  French  be- 
gan the  second  battle  of  the  Aisne.  The 
chief  command  of  the  French  armies  had 
passed  in  the  preceding  December  from 
General  Joffre  to  General  Robert  Nivelle, 
who  had  won  great  fame  at  Verdun.  It 
was  he  who  directed  this  battle.  The  en- 
tire German  first  line  was  taken  in  the  open- 
ing rush,  and  in  the  succeeding  three  weeks 
the  French  captured  such  strong  points  as 
Vailly,  Fort  de  Conde,  Craonne  and,  final- 
ly, the  greater  part  of  the  Chemin  des 
Dames,  driving  the  Germans  back  to  the 
Ailette  River.  Although  his  success  had 
been  brilliant  and  he  appeared  on  the  eve 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


25 


of  still  greater  triumphs,  Nivelle  was  re- 
moved from  command,  nominally  because 
his  losses  had  been  so  heavy  as  to  alarm 
the  government  lest  his  rashness  should 
exhaust  French  man-power.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded by  the  very  competent  General  Pe- 
tain,  who,  after  resting  and  reforming  his 
armies  during  the  summer,  resumed  the  at- 
tack in  October,  taking  Fort  de  Malmaison 
and  completing  the  conquest  of  the  Chemin 
des  Dames.  With  these  exceptions,  no  im- 
portant operations  were  attempted  by  the 
French  during  1917. 

Marshal  Haig  continued  the  tactics  which 
had  proved  so  successful  at  Vimy  by  attack- 
ing Messines  ridge,  north  of  Armentieres, 
on  June  9th.  The  German  positions  had 
been  mined  and  the  explosion  was  so  tre- 
mendous that  it  was  heard  as  far  away  as 
London.     The  ridge  was  easily  carried. 

The  British  then  shifted  their  concentra- 
tion still  farther  to  the  north  and  on  July 
31st  began  the  fourth  battle  of  Ypres.  The 
plan  here  followed  was  to  strike  for  limit- 
ed objectives,  organize  the  positions  gained, 
advance  the  artillery  and  after  a  sufficient 
interval  repeat  the  operation.  No  less  than 
twelve  of  these  separate  attacks  were  made 
along  the  great  curving  front  of  the  Ypres 
salient  between  July  and  November.  The 
British  invariably  gained  ground  and  by 
November  6th  they  had  taken  Passchenda- 
ele,  the  last  high  ground  remaining  to  the 
Germans  in  Belgian  Flanders,  but  the  sea- 
son was  now  too  late  to  admit  of  further 
progress. 

An  epochal  incident  occurred  on  October 
20th,  when  five  German  Zeppelins,  return- 
ing from  a  bombing  raid  on  London,  were 
brought  down  by  British  and  French  air- 
planes. This  marked  the  inglorious  end  of 
an  instrument  of  warfare  on  which  the 
Germans  had  counted  greatly  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  war,  since  it  appealed  particu- 
larly to  their  hope  that  they  could  gain  the 
submission  of  their  enemies  by  ruthless  de- 
struction of  non-combatant  life  and  prop- 
erty. The  Zeppelins  did  frightful  work 
among  civilians,  but  they  were  merely  mur- 


der machines  of  little  military  use,  and  the 
chances  of  terrible  death  for  the  crews 
soon  became  greater  than  the  prospects  of 
gaining  any  advantage  by  using  them.  The 
exact  number  destroyed  is  uncertain,  but 
the  Allies  had  records  of  at  least  sixteen 
prior  to  this  sensational  event  of  October 
20th. 

If  the  Russian  revolution  delayed  Ger- 
man plans  for  an  offensive  concentration  in 
the  west,  the  triumph  of  the  Bolsheviki 
came  early  enough  to  enable  the  Germans 
to  spare  forces  for  an  attempt  to  crush 
Italy.  The  Italians  had  begun  an  offensive 
on  the  Isonzo  in  May,  which  gained  some 
ground,  and  heavy  fighting  occurred  all 
along  the  Italian  front  during  most  of  the 
summer.  In  August  they  made  their  great- 
est effort  of  the  war  up  to  that  time.  They 
crossed  the  Isonzo  above  Gorizia  and  in  six 
days  of  terrific  fighting  expelled  the  Aus- 
trians  from  the  supposedly  impregnable 
Bainsizza  plateau,  taking  the  dominating 
peak  of  Monte  Santo.  Monte  San  Gabriele 
was  taken  three  weeks  later,  and  it  ap- 
peared that  the  Italians  not  only  had  Trieste 
in  their  grasp,  but  would  break  completely 
through  to  Laibach. 

The  Germans,  however,  were  preparing 
a  terrible  counter-stroke.  It  fell  on  Octo- 
ber 21st  at  Caporetta,  near  Tolmino.  Not 
only  had  the  Italian  leaders  failed  to  de- 
tect the  concentration  of  German  troops  on 
this  sector,  in  place  of  the  less  formidable 
Austrians  who  had  hitherto  opposed  them, 
but  they  had  also  been  unable  to  prevent 
the  undermining  of  their  own  morale  by 
the  same  kind  of  Socialist  propaganda 
which  the  Germans  had  employed  with 
such  success  in  Russia.  It  was  said  that 
the  fraternizing  soldiers  had  reached  a  com- 
pact that  neither  side  would  obey  orders 
to  fight  the  other.  Only  the  Italians  kept 
the  agreement,  and  some  250,000  of  them 
paid  the  penalty  by  death  or  imprisonment. 

The  disaster  appeared  overwhelming. 
Not  only  were  the  Italians  forced  to  aban- 
don the  Bainsizza  and  Carso  plateaus  and 
Gorizia,  but  they  were  driven  back  across 


26 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


the  Venetian  plain,  first  to  the  Tagliamen- 
to  River,  and  then  to  the  Piave.  It  appear- 
ed that  Italy  must  suffer  Russia's  fate.  Yet, 
without  assistance,  in  a  battle  on  the  Piave 
only  three  weeks  after  their  rout,  the  Ital- 
ians brought  the  invaders  to  a  stand.  This 
was  one  of  the  most  marvelous  rallies  in 
military  history.  It  was  Italy's  battle  of 
the  Marne,  but  in  some  respects  an  even 
greater  achievement,  since  the  Italians  had 
suffered  a  much  more  serious  defeat  than 
the  French  and  British  had  endured  prior 
to  the  Marne. 

Following  this  event,  the  United  States, 
on  December  7th,  came  to  the  support  of 
Italy  by  declaring  war  on  Austria-Hun- 
gary. 

The  most  brilliant  campaign  of  the  year 
was  fought  in  Palestine.  After  the  con- 
quest of  Serbia  and  the  withdrawal  of  the 
Eritish  from  Gallipoli,  the  Germans  enter- 
tained high  hopes  of  carrying  the  war  into 
Egypt.  Adopting  the  maxim  that  the  best 
defense  is  a  strong  offensive,  the  British 
moved  out  into  the  desert  of  Sinai  and  af- 
ter several  sharp  actions  crossed  it.  They 
were  obliged  to  construct  a  railroad  and 
water-supply  system  as  they  advanced,  but 
by  the  end  of  October  they  had  accumu- 
lated a  sufficient  force  under  General  Alien- 
by  to  attack  Gaza  and  Beersheba.  Both 
places  were  carried.  Jaffa  fell  soon  after- 
ward, and  on  December  10th  Jerusalem  was 
occupied.  The  task  which  had  baffled  the 
Lion-hearted  Richard  seven  centuries  be- 
fore was  accomplished. 

To  offset  the  Italian  disaster,  the  Brit- 
ish on  November  1st  made  their  first  at- 
tack on  the  Hindenburg  line  before  Cam- 
brai.  The  line  was  fairly  pierced,  but  by 
counter-attacks  during  the  next  two  weeks 
the  Germans  rebuilt  their  front,  leaving 
the  British  in  a  sharp  salient. 

The  accession  of  Georges  Clemenceau  to 
the  premiership  of  France  in  November 
brought  new  vigor  to  the  conduct  of  the 
French  government. 

The  Italian  disaster  had  been  the  only 
reverse  to  Allied     arms  in   1917,  but  the 


peace  with  the  Russians  now  enabled  the 
Germans  to  mass  their  forces  on  the  wes- 
tern front,  as  they  had  expected  to  do  the 
year  before.  There  appeared  still  to  be 
ample  time,  as  the  United  States  had  sent 
less  than  300,000  men  to  France  and  had 
not  even  produced  enough  rifles  and  ma- 
chine guns  to  arm  its  levies,  while  it  had 
hardly  begun  to  turn  out  cannon,  airplanes 
and  other  important  material.  The  actual 
direction  of  the  German  armies  now  passed 
to  the  Quartermaster  General,  von  Luden- 
dorff,  although  Hindenburg  remained  chief 
of  staff. 

The  great  offensive,  of  which  the  Allies 
had  received  only  the  vaguest  warning, 
started  on  March  21st  against  the  Fifth 
British  army  under  General  Gough  near 
La  Fere.  Gough's  army  broke  under  the 
blow.  Its  retreat  forced  it  toward  the  north 
and  opened  a  steadily  widening  gap  be- 
tween the  British  and  French.  But  the 
British  General  rallied  a  nondescript  force 
of  army  workmen,  cooks,  attendants  and 
others,  including  an  American  battalion  of 
railroad  track-layers,  who  became  the  first 
American  troops  actually  to  get  into  bat- 
tle. With  the  co-operation  of  the  French 
General  Fayolle,  the  gap  was  thus  closed, 
but  the  Germans  in  seven  days  had  swept 
over  the  entire  territory  abandoned  the 
year  before  and  had  passed  the  old  front 
of  1914-16,  taking  both  Albert  and  Mont- 
didier. 

The  salient  into  which  they  had  entered, 
however,  was  too  narrow.  For  the  pur- 
pose of  widening  it  they  faced  toward  the 
north  and  on  the  28th  struck  heavily  south 
of  Arras.  If  the  British  had  given  way 
there,  the  entire  front  must  have  collapsed, 
and  the  Germans  could  have  driven  on  to 
Amiens,  if  not  to  the  sea,  separating  the 
French  and  British  armies.  But  the  Brit- 
ish held. 

A  successful  attack  by  the  French  be- 
tween Lassigny  and  Noyon  further  nar- 
rowed the  salient,  and  while  the  Germans 
made  more  attacks  on  both  its  sides  and 
its  apex,  they  could  not  enlarge  it. 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


The  disaster  had  the  effect  of  bringing 
the  Allies  at  last  to  adopt  the  plan,  long 
under  discussion,  of  putting  all  their  ar- 
mies under  a  unified  command,  and  the 
French  General  Ferdinand  Foch  was  chos- 
en for  this  leadership.  Henceforth  the  ar- 
mies of  all  the  Allied  nations  were  handled 
strategically  as  a  single  force. 

After  a  short  advance  against  the  French 
south  of  Chauny,  intended  probably  to  de- 
ceive the  Allies  as  to  where  the  next  blow 
was  to  fall,  the  Germans  on  April  9th 
struck  again  on  the  front  before  Armen- 
tieres.  The  Portuguese  division,  which  was 
the  first  to  receive  the  blow,  broke.  Ar- 
mentieres  and  the  Messines  ridge  were  ta- 
ken, and  on  the  12th,  Marshal  Haig  told 
his  troops  that  they  were  fighting  with 
their  backs  to  the  wall  and  must  hold  at  all 
costs.  Nevertheless,  the  Germans  took 
Mont  Kemmel  and  Bailleul,  driving  a  sal- 
ient fifteen  miles  deep  up  the  valley  of  the 
Lys  River,  before  they  were,  finally, 
brought  to  a  halt  on  the  29th.  The  arrival 
at  a  critical  moment  of  a  French  reinforce- 
ment demonstrated  the  value  of  the  unified 
command. 

To  shorten  their  front  and  protect  their 
flank,  the  British  were  obliged  to  retire 
from  all  the  ground  before  Ypres  which 
they  had  won  in  the  preceding  fall,  but 
they  still  held  the  ruined  city. 

But  the  worst  blow  fell  on  May  27th 
along  the  Chemin  des  Dames,  when  the 
Germans  in  a  single  rush,  not  only  carried 
the  whole  of  that  position,  but  swept  on 
across  the  Aisne  and  the  Ourcq.  In  five 
days  they  were  again  on  the  Marne.  Cha- 
teau Thierry  was  taken  on  June  2d  and  the 
Marne  was  crossed  in  force.  The  road  to 
Paris  had  apparently  been  opened.  Never 
before  or  afterward  during  the  entire  war 
were  French  troops  so  completely  broken. 

But  the  events  of  the  spring  had  at  last 
aroused  the  United  States  to  a  realization 
of  what  it  had  to  do,  and  there  had  been 
rushed  into  France  forces  on  which  the 
Germans  had  little  reckoned.  France  was 
furnishing  cannon  and  airplanes;   Britain 


was  supplying  ships.  As  many  as  300,000 
American  troops  per  month  had  been  land- 
ed in  France,  and  the  reserves  and  replace- 
ments necessary  to  enable  the  units  which 
had  been  longest  trained  to  take  the  field 
were  at  last  available.  The  Americans  had 
repulsed  several  German  trench  raids,  not- 
ably at  Seicheprey  on  April  20th,  and  on 
May  29th  the  First  American  division  had 
delivered  a  successful  local  offensive  at 
Cantigny,   near   Montdidier. 

The  time  had  come  to  put  them  to  the 
supreme  test.  On  June  2d  the  Fifth  and 
Sixth  regiments  of  marines  arrived  before 
Chateau  Thierry  and  on  the  6th  and  7th 
they  sustained  and  repulsed  an  attack  by 
the  Prussian  Guard.  Taking  the  offensive 
on  the  10th  and  11th,  the  Second  Division 
drove  forward  into  Belleau  Wood,  and  by 
the  13th  the  Germans  realized  that  for  the 
moment,  at  least,  their  road  was  blocked. 
The  open  gateway  to  Paris  had  been  closed. 

Following  his  plan  of  scattering  his 
blows,  Ludendorff  now  turned  to  a  new  sec- 
tor, and  on  June  9th  attacked  on  a  20-mile 
front  between  Noyon  and  Montdidier.  This 
stroke,  however,  was  comparatively  weak, 
and  although  the  Germans  gained  some 
ground,  they  were  brought  to  a  halt  within 
three  days  without  succeeding  in  their  pur- 
pose of  widening  the  Marne  salient. 

Ludendorff  now  called  on  his  ally  to  at- 
tempt a  diversion.  On  June  15th  the  Aus- 
trians  attacked  along  the  entire  line  of  the 
Piave  and  in  the  adjoining  mountain  sec- 
tor. They  crossed  the  river  at  several  points 
and  for  some  days  made  progress,  particu- 
larly on  the  Montello  ridge,  but  the  Itali- 
ans showed  the  same  spirit  that  had  stop- 
ped the  enemy  the  fall  before,  and  by  the 
25th  the  Austrians  had  been  driven  back 
across  the  river.  The  Italians  followed  up 
+heir  success  by  clearing  entirely  the  Piave 
delta,  thereby  relieving  Venice  from  bom- 
bardment. This  was  the  least  successful 
of  any  of  the  Teutonic  drives  of  the  year 
except  the  one  which  was  immediately  to 
follow. 

The  Germans  were  still  confident.     Only 


28 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


advanced  forces  had  been  stopped  about 
Chateau  Thierry  in  June,  and  a  position 
had  been  gained  from  which  one  more  lunge 
as  successful  as  any  of  the  four  which  had 
been  made  since  the  season  opened  would 
certainly  put  Paris  in  German  hands.  The 
city  had  been  intermittently  shelled  since 
March  23d  by  a  marvelous  new  gun  located 
in  the  Saint  Gobian  forest,  seventy-six 
miles  away,  but  like  most  other  German 
surprises,  the  weapon  proved  to  be  more 
an  instrument  of  murder  than  of  war. 
From  the  Marne  salient  Paris  could  be 
more  effectively  reached  by  long-range  can- 
non and  all  the  area  between  the  front  and 
the  capital  could  be  shelled.  During  the 
month  that  he  allowed  his  troops  to  rest, 
Ludendorff  accumulated  an  enormous  quan- 
tity of  material  in  the  salient  and  massed 
reserves  as  thickly  as  the  ground  would 
permit. 

On  July  15th  the  supreme  effort  began, 
not  only  on  the  Marne,  but  also  on  the 
Champagne  sector  between  Reims  and  the 
Argonne.  General  Gouraud  in  the  Cham- 
pagne adopted  the  plan  of  withdrawing  his 
front  line  at  the  first  attack  to  prepared 
positions  from  which  a  withering  fire  was 
opened  on  the  Germans  as  they  advanced  to 
occupy  the  abandoned  ground.  The  at- 
tack here,  which  many  critics  believed  to 
be  the  main  one,  failed  completely. 

About  Chateau  Thierry  the  German  ad- 
vance gained  some  ground  at  first.  Here 
the  Third  American  division  was  in  line. 
This  was,  however,  a  battle  of  all  nations, 
for,  besides  the  main  body  of  French,  there 
were  British  and  Italian  divisions  between 
Chateau  Thierry  and  Reims  and  more 
American  contingents  with  Gouraud.  Three 
days  of  desperate  attack  left  the  Germans 
virtually  in  their  old  positions.  This  time 
the  Ludendorff  tactics  had  failed. 

And  now  Foch  was  ready  for  a  counter- 
blow. Massing  his  reserves  along  the  west 
side  of  the  salient  between  Chateau  Thier- 
ry and  Soissons,  he  delivered  an  attack  on 
the  18th  which  turned  the  tide  of  the  war. 
Four  American   divisions — the   First,   Sec- 


ond, Third  and  26th — took  part  in  this  bat- 
tle, making  it  the  first  in  which  American 
troops  had  fought  in  the  proportions  of  an 
army.  They  were,  however,  all  brigaded 
with  the  French. 

The  success  of  Foch's  attack  on  the  west 
side  of  the  salient  compelled  the  Germans 
to  retreat  from  the  Marne  to  the  Ourcq. 
Chateau  Thierry  was  reoccupied  on  the 
21st,  On  the  29th  and  30th  the  French  and 
Americans  fought  another  severe  battle  in 
the  region  of  Sergy,  the  42d,  28th  and  32d 
divisions  taking  part.  By  August  3d  the 
Germans  had  recrossed  the  Vesle,  leaving 
behind  or  blowing  up  a  great  part  of  the 
enormous  store  of  munitions  which  they 
had  piled  up  in  the  salient.  The  loss  of 
this  material  affected  them  seriously.  The 
4th,  5th,  28th,  32d  and  77th  divisions  par- 
ticipated in  subsequent  fighting  on  the 
Vesle  river. 

Allowing  the  Germans  no  time  for  re- 
covery, the  British  under  General  Rawlin- 
son  and  the  French  under  Debeney  attack- 
ed the  front  before  Amiens  on  August  8th. 
Montdidier  was  recovered  and  the  advance 
swept  forward  for  several  clays  until  it  was 
halted  temporarily  before  Chaulnes  and 
Roye. 

On  the  12th,  Humbert's  French  army  at- 
tacked the  great  massif  south  of  Lassigny, 
which  had  been  lost  a  month  before.  By 
the  21st,  Lassigny  had  been  retaken,  and 
the  Germans  were  occupying  their  old 
front  between  Lassigny  and  Noyon.  Mean- 
while, on  the  17th,  the  attack  had  been  ex- 
tended east  of  the  Oise  by  Mangin's  army, 
which  was  soon  in  position  to  face  east  and 
hammer  against  the  flank  of  the  German 
position  on  the  Aisne  and  the  Chemin  des 
Dames.  On  the  21st  Byng's  British  army 
struck  between  Albert  and  Arras,  regain- 
ing in  one  clay  much  of  the  ground  for 
which  the  British  had  fought  six  months 
the  year  before.  By  the  29th  the  British 
were  again  across  the  Somme  and  the  Ger- 
mans were  in  full  retreat  for  the  Hinden- 
burg  line. 

On  September  2d  the  first  great  outwork 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


29 


of  the  Hindenburg  line  fell  when  the  Brit- 
ish smashed  through  the  Drocourt-Queant 
switch  line,  against  which  they  had  ham- 
mered in  vain  the  fall  before.  This  was 
one  of  the  great  feats  of  the  war. 

These  successes  along  the  Somme  and 
the  Oise  and  the  Marne  left  the  Germans 
unable  to  support  the  troops  in  the  Lys  sa- 
lient. Mont  Kemmel  and  Bailleul  were  re- 
covered and  the  remainder  of  the  salient 
was  gradually  eliminated  with  little  effort. 
American  troops  of  the  27th  and  30th  di- 
visions took  part  in  these  operations. 

Staggering  under  this  succession  of  re- 
verses, the  Germans  on  the  12th  received 
another  blow  in  an  unexpected  quarter 
when  General  Pershing  with  an  army,  all 
American,  except  a  single  corps  of  French, 
attacked  both  sides  of  the  Saint  Mihiel  sa- 
lient. Saint  Mihiel  was  retaken,  the  sa- 
lient straightened  out,  and  the  Americans 
found  themselves  before  Metz,  having  tak- 
en 16,000  prisoners  and  443  guns  with  only 
7,000  casualties  in  their  own  ranks.  The 
American  divisions  used  were  the  4th,  26th, 
1st,  42d,  89th,  2d,  5th,  90th  and  82d. 

And  now  the  Bulgarians  were  to  learn 
that  they  had  picked  the  wrong  side.  On 
September  14th,  General  Franchet  d'Es- 
perey,  who  had  succeeded  General  Serrail 
in  command  of  the  Macedonian  front, 
loosed  the  reorganized  Serbian  army  in  a 
flank  attack  across  supposedly  impractica- 
ble mountains  east  of  Monastir.  The  Ser- 
bians penetrated  the  Cerna  valley  and 
swept  on  to  the  Vardar.  Part  of  the  Bul- 
garian troops,  with  their  supporting  Aus- 
trian contingent,  were  driven  northwest 
toward  Albania,  where  the  Italians  and 
French  fell  upon  them.  The  main  Bulga- 
rian positions  in  the  Vardar  valley  about 
Lake  Dorian  were  attacked,  and  the  Brit- 
ish, French  and  Greek  troops  swept  over 
them.  Only  sixteen  days  after  the  drive 
began,  the  Bulgarians  sent  commissioners 
to  General  d'Esperey  and  surrendered  at 
his*  dictation.  The  first  of  the  four  Cen- 
tral Powers  was  done  for. 

But  the  Macedonian  front  had  become  on- 


ly a  sector  of  this  great  Allied  line  from 
the  North  Sea  to  the  Tigris  River.  On 
September  20th  General  Allenby  attacked 
the  Turks  north  of  Jerusalem.  Breaking 
through  with  his  cavalry  along  the  coast 
he  cut  the  Turkish  communications  at  Na- 
zareth on  the  22d.  Those  of  the  Turks  who 
did  not  surrender  were  driven  across  the 
Jordan  into  the  desert,  where  they  fell  in- 
to the  hands  of  the  Arabs.  Virtually  all 
of  their  material  in  Palestine  was  captured. 
Damascus  and  Aleppo  were  occupied  with- 
out opposition,  and  on  October  31st,  after 
seeing  the  surrender  of  what  was  left  of 
her  army  in  Mesopotamia,  Turkey  followed 
the  example  of  Bulgaria  by  throwing  her- 
self on  the  mercy  of  the  Allies. 

On  September  27th  the  British  began 
the  preliminary  bombardment  of  the  Hin- 
denburg line.  Brigaded  with  them  were 
two  American  divisions — the  30th,  from 
North  Carolina,  South  Carolina  and  Ten- 
nessee, and  the  27th,  made  up  of  the  New 
York  National  Guard  and  including  the 
108th  regiment,  formerly  the  74th  of  Buf- 
falo. It  fell  to  the  30th,  with  the  27th  sup- 
porting on  the  left,  to  be  the  first  to  pierce 
the  Hindenburg  line.  Australians  and 
British  pressed  the  attack,  and  by  October 
8th  the  entire  German  front  between  Cam- 
brai  and  Saint  Quentin  had  been  smashed. 

On  September  29th  the  Belgian  army 
was  unleashed.  With  British,  French  and 
American  contingents  co-operating,  the 
Belgians  quickly  recovered  the  ground  be- 
fore Ypres  which  had  been  abandoned  by 
the  British  in  the  spring,  and  by  October 
18th  Ostend,  Zeebrugge  and  Bruges  had 
been  recaptured  and  the  advancing  line  was 
before  Ghent.  The  37th  and  91st  were  the 
American  divisions  used  in  this  operation. 

These  successes  forced  the  Germans  to 
evacuate  the  entire  Lille-Lens  district  and 
to  fall  back  on  Courtrai  and  Valenciennes. 

The  echoes  of  Saint  Mihiel  had  hardly 
died  out  before  General  Pershing  again  at- 
tacked on  a  new  sector.  There  were  now 
more  than  2,000,000  American  troops  in 
France  of  3,665,000  that  had  been  raised 


30 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


and  the  battle  of  the  Meuse  was  fought 
entirely  by  American  forces,  with  no  Allied 
contingents,  though  the  French  co-operated 
by  attacking  vigorously  west  of  the  Ar- 
gonne. 

The  attack  began  on  the  front  between 
the  Argonne  forest  and  the  Meuse  River 
on  September  26th.  In  the  course  of  the 
battle  the  following  divisions  were  used : 
The  77th,  28th,  35th,  91st,  37th,  79th,  80th, 
33d,  29th,  1st,  3d,  5th,  15th,  32d,  82d,  78th, 
42d,  90th,  89th,  4th  and  2d.  The  German 
first  line  was  carried  in  the  opening  rush. 

On  October  4th  a  second  general  attack 
was  made  and,  by  the  10th,  the  Argonne 
forest  had  been  entirely  cleared.  The 
Kreimhilde  line,  on  which  the  Germans  had 
depended  for  their  final  stand  on  this  sec- 
tor, was  penetrated  on  the  14th.  On  No- 
vember 6th,  the  Americans  had  reached 
a  point  on  the  Meuse  opposite  Sedan,  but  the 
honor  of  reentering  that  historic  city  was 
fittingly  left  to  the  French. 

The  77th  division,  made  up  of  National 
Army  troops  mostly  from  New  York  and 
Buffalo,  had  the  left  of  the  line,  actually  in 
the  Argonne  forest,  from  September  26th 
until  after  the  capture  of  Grand  Pre  on  Oc- 
tober 15th,  when  the  78th  division,  also 
New  York  troops,  took  position  on  its  left. 
The  77th  remained  in  line  until  the  armis- 
tice on  November  11th. 

Forty  German  divisions  had  been  used 
up  against  21  American  divisions,  many 
of  them  composed  of  troops  which  were  en- 
tering battle  for  the  first  time. 

The  Americans  then  turned  eastward, 
forced  the  passage  of  the  Meuse  and  began 
an  advance  toward  the  Briey  coal  fields, 
but  meanwhile  the  British  had  taken  Val- 
enciennes, Tournai  and  Maubeuge  and  the 
French  had  made  big  advances  on  the 
Aisne-Champagne  front.  The  Germans 
had  had  enough. 

The  war  was  not  to  end,  however,  with- 
out one  last  success  by  the  Italians.  On 
October  27th  they  crossed  the  Piave  and 
shattered  the  Austrian  front.  The  Aus- 
train   government  frantically   sent   an   ap- 


peal to  President  Wilson,  asking  an  armis- 
tice and  peace.  Failing  to  receive  an  en- 
couraging response,  it  sent  commissioners 
direct  to  General  Diaz.  The  Italians  occu- 
pied Trent,  Rovereto  and  Trieste  before 
they  accepted  the  Austrian  surrender  on 
November  3d. 

As  early  as  October  6th  Germany  had 
asked  President  Wilson  to  ascertain  what 
peace  terms  might  be  obtained,  but  is  was 
not  believed  that  she  seriously  meant  to 
surrender.  Continued  Allied  victories 
forced  her  to  repeat  the  overture.  The 
breaking  of  the  Kreimhilde  line  and  ap- 
proach to  Sedan  threatened  to  cut  off  en- 
tirely the  retreat  of  her  armies  in  France 
and  Belgium.  On  the  27th  came  a  note 
saying  that  Germany  awaited  the  Allies' 
terms.  The  Allied  war  council  on  Novem- 
ber 4th,  agreed  on  the  conditions  which  it 
would  impose ;  the  Germans  signed,  and  on 
November  11th  at  11  A.  M.  the  armistice 
went  into  effect.  The  Kaiser  had  abdicated 
two  days  earlier  and  fled  to  Holland.  The 
great  war  was  ended.  German  imperial- 
ism had  been  crushed  forever. 

The  Germans  evacuated  Belgium,  Alsace- 
Lorraine  and  Luxemburg,  agreed  to  Allied 
occupation  of  the  three  principal  Rhine 
crossings  at  Mayence,  Coblenz  and  Cologne 
with  the  bridgeheads  east  of  the  Rhine  op- 
posite these  cities,  surrendered  the  best  of 
their  cannon,  machine  guns,  airplanes  and 
a  great  quantity  of  railroad  and  other 
transportation  material  and  turned  over 
the  bulk  of  their  fleet,  including  al]  their 
submarines. 

The  American  losses  reported  up  to  May 
14,  1919,  were  45,815  killed  in  action, 
23,015  by  disease  and  5,336  from  other 
causes,  202,481  wounded,  4,534  prisoners 
and  3,718  missing.  Marine  corps  losses, 
5,950. 

As  against  this  casualty  total,  the 
American  forces  captured  about  44,000 
prisoners  and  1,400  guns,  howitzers  and 
trench  mortars. 

The  total  British  casualties  were  3,049,- 
991,  of  whom  706,700  were  killed. 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


31 


The  French  had  1,327,800  killed  and  more 
than  3,000,000  wounded. 

The  Italians  lost  460,000  killed  and 
947,000  wounded. 

The  Russian  casualties  were  roughly 
computed  at  9,150,000  men  of  whom  1,700,- 
000  were  killed. 

The  German  casualties  were  above 
6,873,410,  with  2,050,460  killed,  and  4,207,- 
028  wounded.  The  total  Austrian  casual- 
ties were  above  4,000,000. 

The  losses  of  the  smaller  states  were  also 
enormous. 

The  total  direct  cost  of  the  war  was  es- 
timated at  above  $200,000,000,000. 

When  the  World  War  ended  on  Novem- 
ber 11,  1918,  the  armed  forces  of  25  na- 
tions of  the  globe  had  been  hurling  their 
armies  against  each  other  for  more  than 
four  years  in  the  most  colossal  struggle  of 
history.  After  a  conflict  without  parallel, 
it  ended  in  its  52d  month  with  a  casualty 
total  nearing  the  ten  million  mark. 

Set  off  by  the  murder  of  an  ordinary  Aus- 
trian archduke  on  June  28,  1914,  by  a  Ser- 
bian political  fanatic,  the  conflagration 
which  had  threatened  the  peace  of  Europe 
for  decades  was  thus  destined  to  embroil 
the  leading  powers  of  the  world  in  the  most 
costly  and  bloody  strife  known  to  man. 

After  a  month's  diplomatic  argument 
over  the  affair,  Austria  formally  opened 
hostilities  with  her  declaration  of  war  or. 
Serbia.  General  mobilization  followed 
quickly  in  Russia ;  a  "state  of  war"  was  al- 
most immediately  declared  in  Germany. 
Then  on  August  1st  Germany  declared  war 
on  Russia,  following  this  with  an  ultima- 
tum to  Belgium  demanding  that  her  troops 
be  given  free  passage  across  that  country. 
On  August  3d,  the  Teutons  included  France 
in  their  list  of  enemies.  This  was  follow- 
ed next  day  by  an  ultimatum  to  Germany 
from  Great  Britain  demanding  that  the 
neutrality  of  Belgium  be  respected.  When 
this  assurance  was  not  granted  by  Emper- 
or Wilhelm,  Great  Britain  declared  war  on 
Germany.     A  quick  succession  of  war  de- 


clarations finally  involved  the  greater  share 
of  Europe  by  the  end  of  the  summer. 

Mad  with  the  ruthless  spirit  of  conquest 
the  Central  Powers  marched  their  armies 
off  to  war  in  grand  fashion,  boasting  that 
they  would  return  by  Christmas  time,  the 
conquerors  of  Europe.  Their  amazing 
preparations  for  the  dream  of  world  power 
almost  brought  within  their  grasp  the 
greedy  ambition  of  the  Junkers. 

The  initial  success  of  the  German  army 
in  its  advance  through  Belgium  and  on  to- 
ward Paris  astounded  the  world.  England 
and  France  reeled  and  staggered  before  the 
terrific  onslaught  of  the  famous  Prussian 
Guards  and  the  other  crack  armies  of  the 
Central  Powers.  Swept  off  her  feet  almost 
by  the  spectacular  aggression  of  the  ene- 
my, the  fate  of  France  virtually  hung  from 
a  thread  as  the  invaders  triumphantly 
swept  on  and  on. 

Early  in  September,  when  they  were 
practically  within  reach  of  Paris,  the  tide 
was  turned  against  them  in  the  battle  of 
the  Marne,  September  6-10.  The  French 
themselves  attribute  their  good  fortune  at 
this  point  to  the  hand  of  the  Almighty 
rather  than  to  their  superior  military 
strength  at  the  time.  This  marked  the 
enemy's  point  of  farthest  advance. 

The  atrocities  of  the  advancing  Huns 
during  the  months  of  their  early  triumphs 
and  conquest  have  been  called  infamous  by 
conservative  journalists  and  correspon- 
dents. Suffice  to  say,  their  bloodthirsty 
ambition  to  rule  and  conquer  the  wor.d 
knew  no  bounds,  and  that  their  acts  and 
deeds  of  disgrace  will  forever  remain  one 
of  the  darkest  of  the  many  blotches  brought 
on  the  German  people  during  the  European 
war. 

Believing  that  the  United  States  had 
no  part  to  play  in  the  war  at  that  time, 
President  Woodrow  Wilson,  on  August  4, 
1914,  officially  proclaimed  the  neutrality 
of  the  United  States.  The  war  was  thus 
confined  to  Europe  for  many  months,  a 
struggle  mainly  between  the  two  great  Eu- 


32 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


ropean  Alliances — the  Triple  Alliance  com- 
posing Germany,  Austria-Hungary  and 
Italy,  against  the  Triple  Entente,  compos- 
ing England,  Russia  and  France.  Italy, 
originally  a  member  of  the  Triple  Alli- 
ance, but  later  one  of  the  chief  powers  of 
the  Allies,  did  not  enter  the  war  until  1915. 
She  then  declared  war  on  all  of  Germany's 
Allies,  but  did  not  break  with  Germany 
herself  until  late  in  1916.  Before  the  war 
she  was  a  member  of  the  Triple  Alliance 
with  Germany  and  Austria  but  severed  this 
connection  to  fight  with  the  Allies. 

After  the  marvelous  advances  of  the 
first  year,  the  great  battle  line  in  Europe 
remained  practically  stationary  for  nearly 
three  years  and  extended  over  more  than 
300  miles.  The  large  armies  of  each  force 
fought  doggedly,  suffered  heroically  and 
died  willingly,  in  a  mighty  death-grip 
whose  battles  surpassed  the  most  famous 
of  previous  wars  for  loss  of  life  and  de- 
struction of  property. 

The  superb  Armies  of  the  Russians  in 
the  Eastern  theater  kept  the  attention  of  a 
large  German  force  occupied  and  away 
from  the  Western  Front.  This  fact  aided 
the  Allies  tremendously  and  probably  pre- 
vented a  German  Peace  in  the  second  and 
third  years  of  the  war. 

It  was  while  France,  England  and  Italy 
were  staggering  before  the  last  big  offen- 
sive of  the  enemy  early  in  1918  that  Amer- 
ica's force  was  thrown  into  the  balance  in 
substantial  numbers. 

Her  declaration  of  war  against  Germany 
on  April  6,  1917,  grew  out  of  the  Central 
Powers'  failure  to  recognize  the  rights  of 
neutrals  on  the  high  seas.  Repeatedly  the 
rights  of  the  United  States  were  violated, 
and  just  as  repeatedly  Germany  refused 
to  discontinue  her  ruthless  program  of 
submarine  warfare  against  the  world.  The 
sinking  of  the  Lusitania  on  May  7,  1915, 
without  warning  and  with  the  loss  of  1,154 
lives,  114  of  whom  were  Americans,  was 
regarded  by  a  great  many  as  just  cause 
for  a  declaration  of  war  against  Germany. 


The  President  and  Congress,  believing  dif- 
ferently, failed  to  act,  and  it  was  not  until 
more  sinkings  of  women  and  children  that 
the  United  States  decided  to  step  into  the 
breach  herself. 

Regarded  as  a  mere  "bluff"  by  her  ad- 
versaries, the  United  States'  entrance  ap- 
parently failed  to  cause  undue  anxiety  in 
Berlin.  With  an  unprepared  democracy 
for  another  enemy  in  which  a  great  many 
were  believed  to  have  been  opposed  to  war, 
Germany  had  little  cause  for  worry,  she 
declared. 

But  America  went  to  work.  The  act 
produced  an  electrical  effect  on  her  people 
and  almost  instantly  united  her  various  fac- 
tions, creeds,  parties,  and  nationalities  for 
one  purpose — to  crush  Germany  and  her 
Allies.  She  became  a  workshop,  with  no 
hours,  in  her  determination  to  end  the  Eu- 
ropean fight  victoriously,  and  thus  save  de- 
mocracy for  the  world.  Every  effort  was 
bended  to  the  cause,  every  penny  of  wealth 
was  eagerly  held  ready  for  the  call,  and  ev- 
ery atom  of  energy  was  expended  in  her 
feverish  haste  to  redeem  mankind. 

Her  sons  by  the  hundreds  of  thousands 
rushed  to  the  colors,  as  their  fathers  did 
in  the  wars  of  their  day,  to  see  another  vic- 
tory added  to  the  flag  which  had  never 
known  defeat.  That  the  distribution  of 
soldiers  throughout  the  land  might  be  as 
nearly  equitable  as  possible,  Congress  pass- 
ed the  Selective  Service  Act  in  May,  1918, 
the  greatest  mobilization  machinery  devel- 
oped by  any  of  the  25  nations  at  war. 

Naturally  there  were  obstacles  and  de- 
lays. A  nation's  task  in  rising  up  over 
night  to  send  a  formidable  force  three  thou- 
sand miles  overseas  to  fight  for  world  free- 
dom is  not  the  kind  that  can  be  accomplish- 
ed without  some  disorder  and  delay.  But 
loyalty  and  union  did  it,  and  on  June  26, 
1917,  only  two  months  after  the  declara- 
tion of  war,  the  first  American  doughboy 
landed  on  French  soil.  On  November  3, 
1917,  the  Yanks  had  their  first  clash  with 
the  Germans.     On  January  31,  1918,  a  re- 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


33 


port  reached  America  that  American  in- 
fantrymen were  occupying  first  line 
trenches  for  the  first  time. 

By  this  time  the  United  States  had  de- 
clared a  state  of  war  existing  with  Austria- 
Hungary,  Germany's  chief  ally,  and  had 
swung  her  domestic  machinery  into  the 
greatest  war  machine  conceivable.  She  had 
begun  to  raise  by  popular  bond  subscrip- 
tions billions  of  dollars  to  supply  guns  and 
munitions,  and  food  and  clothes,  for  the 
boys  who  were  going  over  to  France  to  do 
the  job. 

Four  Liberty  Loans  were  floated  during 
the  war,  and  the  total  subscriptions  to 
these  amounted  to  between  eighteen  and 
nineteen  billions  of  dollars.  This  amount 
was  taken  by  more  than  50  million  sub- 
scribers, and  was  to  be  only  an  insignifi- 
cant factor  in  the  financing  of  the  war,  ac- 
cording to  the  Treasury  Department.  This 
cost  when  compared  with  the  total  cost  of 
the  Civil  War  for  four  years — approxi- 
mately $4,000,000,000— is  proof  enough 
that  the  World  War  was  not  comparable 
with  any  previous  war  in  history.  In 
April,  1919,  following  the  armistice,  an- 
other Fifth  or  Victory  Loan  of  approxi- 
mately the  same  dimensions  as  the  Fourth, 
was  floated.  The  wonderfully  prompt  and 
generous  response  of  the  nation  to  each  of 
the  calls  of  the  Liberty  Loans  was  one  of 
the  greatest  sources  of  inspiration  for  the 
men  in  uniform  who  had  gone  to  fight  for 
those  at  home.  The  same  patriotic  gener- 
osity that  marked  the  success  of  the  Lib- 
erty Loan  was  evident  in  each  of  the  scores 
of  war  work  drives  that  were  conducted 
for  the  various  relief  and  welfare  organi- 
zations. 

Food  conservation — conservation  of 
man-power,  the  work  or  fight  order,  the 
noble  work  of  the  women  who  sewed  and 
knitted  night  and  day  for  the  Red  Cross 
and  the  boys,  the  curtailment  of  profits  and 
simple  economy  that  was  practiced  by  rich 
and  poor  alike,  were  but  a  few  of  the 
many  war-time  measures  that  character- 
ized the  life   of    America's    hundred    and 


some  millions  during  the  year  and  a  half 
during  which  she  was  at  war.  No  history 
of  that  war  will  ever  have  room  for  a  just 
story  of  the  part  played  by  the  loyal  home 
folks — those  who  waited  and  prayed,  and 
worked  and  gave,  to  keep  the  home  fires 
burning. 

Foremost  among  the  initial  problems  of 
America,  after  preliminary  plans  for  the 
raising  of  her  army  had  been  laid,  was  the 
problem  of  transporting  them  to  France. 
so  that  their  strength  might  be  thrown 
against  the  Hun  on  the  battlefield.  Ship- 
ping was  not  available,  and  even  though 
it  was  being  increased  at  maximum  capac- 
ity, still  there  was  not  more  than  half  as 
much  as  was  needed  to  transport  the  men 
in  the  numbers  they  were  being  trained  and 
in  the  numbers  they  were  needed  by  France 
and  England  and  Italy. 

England  gladly  placed  her  available 
shipping  at  the  disposal  of  the  United 
States,  and  before  the  war  had  ended  she 
had  carried  more  than  one  million  Yanks 
to  the  side  of  her  own  men  and  those  of 
the  French,  or  nearly  half  of  those  who 
had  gone  overseas. 

The  story  of  the  activities  of  America's 
two  million  doughboys  and  marines  in 
France  is  one  which  should  be  told  in 
volumes  rather  than  in  paragraphs.  From 
the  time  of  their  first  clash  with  the  Ger- 
mans on  November  3,  1917,  until  they  "let 
go"  the  last  unwelcome  guests  against 
Fritz's  lines  early  November  11,  1918 — 
their  deeds  are  a  succession  of  coura- 
geous and  brilliant  performances  of  duty. 

"When  I  think  of  their  heroism,  their 
patience  under  hardships,  and  their  un- 
flinching spirit  of  offensive  action,  I  am 
filled  with  emotion  which  I  am  unable  to 
express,"  General  John  J.  Pershing  declar- 
ed in  commending  the  officers  and  soldiers 
of  the  line  of  the  American  Army.  "Their 
deeds  are  immortal,  and  they  have  earned 
the  eternal  gratitude  of  our  country." 

This  simple  tribute  to  the  brave  Ameri- 
can lads  who  fought  and  died  in  France 
is   indicative   of   America's    reverence   for 


34 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


her  heroic  armies.  Their  glory  and  fame 
will  always  live  by  the  side  of  the  deeds  of 
their  forbears  in  previous  wars. 

In  May,  1917,  shortly  after  war  was  de- 
clared, General  Pershing,  well-known  for 
his  punitive  expedition  into  Mexico,  was 
selected  by  the  War  Department  to  com- 
mand the  American  Expeditionary  Forces 
that  were  to  go  to  France.  After  gather- 
ing about  him  a  small  staff  the  General  set 
sail.  His  reception  in  both  England  and 
France  was  only  equalled  by  the  readiness 
of  the  commanders  of  both  armies  to  co- 
operate with  the  United  States  in  the  prose- 
cution of  the  war,  according  to  the  Gen- 
eral's own  report. 

His  general  staff  was  organized  in  a 
short  time  and  detailed  plans  worked  out 
for  the  organization  and  training  of  the 
millions  of  American  soldiers  who  were  ex- 
pected in  France  to  help  finish  the  Hun. 
Training  areas,  designed  to  give  the  final 
seasoning  to  fresh  troops  arriving  from 
the  States  before  their  entry  into  the  front 
lines,  and  officers'  schools  for  the  various 
arms  of  the  service  were  established. 

Extensive  construction  provided  vast 
warehouses,  supply  depots,  munition  store- 
houses, and  the  like  for  the  huge  task 
ahead.  Although  France  offered  much  in 
the  way  of  both  ordnance  and  quartermas- 
ter property  for  use  by  the  American  Ar- 
my, still  enormous  quantities  of  materials 
of  all  kinds  had  to  be  brought  across  the 
Atlantic. 

Flocking  into  the  Army  from  civil  life 
were  thousands  of  professional  and  busi- 
ness men  with  splendid  talent  along  the 
lines  needed  to  build  up  this  immense  ser- 
vice of  supply  that  was  to  keep  the  A.  E. 
F.  in  action.  To  meet  the  shortage  of  sup- 
plies due  to  lack  of  shipping,  representa- 
tives of  the  various  supply  departments 
were  constantly  in  search  of  supplies  and 
materials  in  Europe.  A  general  purchas- 
ing agency  was  provided,  in  order  to  bet- 
ter co-ordinate  the  purchasing  and  to  pre- 
vent competition  between  departments  of 
the  army.     So  successful  was  this  system 


in  the  American  Army  that  it  was  almost 
universally  adopted  by  the  armies  of  the 
Allies  before  the  war  had  ended. 

"Our  entry  into  the  war  found  us  with 
few  of  the  auxiliaries  necessary  for  its 
conduct  in  the  modern  sense,"  General 
Pershing  declared  in  his  official  report. 
"Among  our  most  important  deficiencies 
in  material  were  artillery,  aviation  and 
tanks.  In  order  to  meet  our  requirements 
as  quickly  as  possible  we  accepted  the  of- 
fer of  the  French  Government  to  provide 
us  from  their  own  factories  with  the  nec- 
essary artillery  equipment  for  thirty  di- 
visions. In  aviation  we  were  in  the  same 
situation  and  here  again  the  French  Gov- 
ernment came  to  our  aid  until  we  were 
able  to  get  our  own  air  service  program 
under  way.  The  necessary  planes  to  train 
the  air  service  personnel  were  provided 
and  we  secured  from  the  French  a  total  of 
2,676  pursuit,  bombing  and  observation 
planes.  The  first  planes  to  arrive  from 
America  came  in  May,  1918,  and  a  total 
of  1,379  were  received  during  the  war.  The 
first  American  squadron  completely  equip- 
ped by  American  production,  including 
airplanes,  crossed  the  German  lines  on  Au- 
gust 7,  1918.  For  tanks  we  also  were  com- 
pelled to  rely  upon  the  French.  We  were 
less  fortunate  here,  however,  for  the  rea- 
son that  the  French  were  scarcely  able  to 
meet  their  own  production  requirements 
in  this  respect.  It  should  be  remembered 
by  every  American  that  the  French  Gov- 
ernment always  took  a  most  liberal  atti- 
tude in  endeavoring  to  supply  the  short- 
ages existing  in  the  American  Army." 

Speaking  of  the  soldiers  in  Europe  Gen- 
eral Pershing  outlines  with  words  of  praise 
the  work  done  by  the  various  welfare  or- 
ganizations and  of  the  responsive  attitude 
found  among  the  soldiers  by  these  organ- 
izations. 

"The  welfare  of  the  troops  touches  my 
responsibility  as  Commander-in-Chief  to 
the  mothers  and  fathers  and  kindred  of  the 
men  who  went  to  France  in  the  impres- 
sionable period  of  youth.     They  could  not 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


35 


have  the  privilege  accorded  the  soldiers  of 
Europe  during  their  leaves  of  visiting 
their  relatives  and  renewing  their  home 
ties.  Fully  realizing  that  the  standard  of 
conduct  that  should  be  established  for  them 
must  have  a  permanent  influence  on  their 
lives  and  the  character  of  their  future  citi- 
zenship, the  Red  Cross,  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association,  the  Knights  of  Co- 
lumbus, the  Salvation  Army  and  the  Jew- 
ish Welfare  Board,  as  auxiliaries  in  this 
work,  were  encouraged  in  every  manner 
possible.  The  fact  that  our  soldiers,  in  a 
land  of  different  customs  and  language, 
have  borne  themselves  in  a  manner  in  keep- 
ing with  the  cause  for  which  they  fought, 
is  due  not  only  to  the  efforts  in  their  be- 
half, but  much  more  to  other  high  ideals, 
their  discipline,  and  their  innate  sense  of 
self-respect.  It  should  be  recorded,  how- 
ever, that  the  members  of  these  welfare  so- 
cieties have  been  untiring  in  their  desire 
to  be  of  real  service  to  our  officers  and 
men.  The  patriotic  devotion  of  these  rep- 
resentative men  and  women  has  given  a 
new  significance  to  the  Golden  Rule,  and 
we  owe  to  them  a  debt  of  gratitude  that  can 
never  be  entirely  repaid." 

The  First  Division  of  the  American  Ar- 
my, after  finishing  its  preliminary  train- 
ing behind  the  lines,  went  to  the  trenches 
for  the  first  time  in  October,  1917,  as  the 
first  contribution  to  the  fighting  forces  of 
the  Allies.  By  the  time  that  the  great 
German  offensive  in  Picardy  began,  on 
March  21,  1918,  the  American  army  had 
four  experienced  divisions  in  the  line.  The 
great  crisis  that  this  drive  developed,  how- 
ever, made  it  impossible  for  the  Americans 
to  take  over  a  sector  by  themselves.  Grad- 
ually, as  their  numbers  increased  and  more 
reserves,  fresh  from  the  States,  were  placed 
in  training  behind  the  lines,  the  American 
boys  went  in  in  substantial  numbers.  Al- 
ready they  had  displayed  their  splendid 
fighting  qualities  and  had  demonstrated 
that  as  soldiers  they  had  no  superiors.  In- 
cidentally, it  did  not  take  them  long  to 
convince  the  enemy  that  contrary  to  their 


own  opinions,  they  themselves  were  not  in- 
vincible. 

On  August  30,  1918,  the  American  forces 
took  over  the  first  American  sector,  in  pre- 
paration for  the  St.  Mihiel  offensive.  The 
American  line  was  soon  extended  across 
the  Meuse  River  to  the  west  edge  of  the  Ar- 
gonne  Forest.  The  concentration  of  tanks, 
aviation  units,  artillery  equipment,  and 
materials  of  all  kinds  for  this  first  great 
American  offensive  was  enormous.  The 
scores  of  elements  of  a  complete  army  were 
moulded  together,  with  American  railroad 
and  American  service  of  supply  units 
throughout.  The  concentration  included 
the  bringing  up  of  approximately  600,000 
troops.  The  French  Independent  Air 
Force,  together  with  British  bombing  un- 
its and  American  Air  forces,  placed  the 
greatest  aviation  personnel  that  ever  took 
part  in  any  Western  Front  offensive  under 
the  direct  command  of  General   Pershing. 

On  the  day  after  they  had  taken  the  St. 
Mihiel  salient  a  great  share  of  the  corps 
and  army  artillery  that  had  operated  in 
that  offensive  were  on  the  move  toward  the 
area  back  of  the  line  between  the  Meuse 
River  and  the  western  edge  of  the  Ar- 
gonne.  The  German  General  Staff  was 
well  aware  of  the  consequences  of  an  Amer- 
ican success  along  this  line,  and  it  was  de- 
termined to  use  every  available  American 
division  in  an  effort  to  force  a  decision  at 
this  point.  The  attack  began  on  Septem- 
ber 26th.  The  work  of  the  American  army 
and  of  the  American  engineers  in  this 
drive  will  forever  remain  in  the  memory 
of  generations  to  come.  Forcing  their  way 
through  the  densely  wooded  and  shell  torn 
areas,  their  fight  was  one  of  the  most  bril- 
liant battles  of  the  war.  The  offensive 
was  maintained  until  October  4th  in  the 
face  of  innumerable  wooded  patches  of 
snipers   and    concealed   machine   gunners. 

Fresh  troops  with  little  experience  were 
thrown  in  with  their  seasoned  comrades, 
who  had  become  veterans  over  night  with 
this  most  crucial  battle  as  their  teacher. 
The  second  phase  began  with  a  renewed  at- 


36 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


tack  all  along  the  front  on  October  4th. 
More  positions  were  taken  with  a  precision 
and  speed  that  always  characterized  the 
Yank  army.  Their  dogged  offensive  was 
wearing  down  the  enemy,  who,  continuing 
desperately  by  throwing  his  best  troops 
against  them,  was  helpless  before  the  spec- 
tacular advance. 

At  this  juncture  two  divisions  were  dis- 
patched to  Belgium  to  help  the  French  ar- 
my near  Ypres.  On  October  23d,  the  last 
phase  of  the  Meuse-Argonne  offensive  be- 
gan. Violent  counter  attacks  by  the  ene- 
my cost  him  heavily,  while  a  regrouping 
of  the  American  force  was  going  on  for  the 
final  drive.  Plain  evidences  of  loss  of  mo- 
rale in  the  enemy  forces  gave  our  men  ad- 
ded courage  and  spirit,  and  finally,  using 
comparatively  fresh  divisions,  the  last  ad- 
vance was  begun  on  November  1st.  It 
was  apparent  at  this  time  that  the  end  was 
near  for  the  Boche.  Our  increased  artil- 
lery support  did  remarkable  work  in  sup- 
porting the  infantry,  which  by  its  dashing 
advance  of  the  several  weeks  preceding 
had  destroyed  the  Hun's  will  to  resist. 

Between  September  26th  and  Novem- 
ber 6th  they  had  taken  26,059  prisoners 
and  468  guns  on  this  front. 

The  divisions  engaged  in  this,  the  most 
important  of  America's  battles  in  the  Eu- 
ropean war,  were  the  1st,  2d,  3d,  4th,  5th, 
26th,  28th,  29th,  32d,  33d,  35th,  37th,  42d, 
77th,  78th,  79th,  80th,  82d,  89th,  90th  and 
91st.  Many  of  these  divisions  remained 
in  line  for  a  length  of  time  that  required 
nerves  of  steel  while  still  others  were  put 
back  in  the  line  after  only  a  few  days  of 
rest. 

When  the  armistice  was  signed  follow- 
ing a  complete  routing  of  the  enemy  by 
Americans  in  the  Argonne  Forest  there 
were  in  France,  according  to  General  Per- 
shing, approximately  2,053,347  troops,  less 
the  casualties.  Of  this  total  there  were 
1,338,169   combatant  troops. 

In  this  short  summary  of  the  principal 
activities  of  the  United  States'  part  in  the 
great   war   it   is    obviously    impossible    to 


more  than  skim  over  the  various  features 
of  the  great  war  machinery.  The  heroism 
and  gallantry  of  the  boys  who  fought  and 
died  over  there ;  the  unceasing  devotion  and 
courage  of  the  parents  and  citizens  at 
home  who  stood  by  them  so  unselfishly; 
and  the  determination  of  everyone,  young 
and  old,  to  unite  for  the  common  cause, 
setting  aside  their  personal  desires  and  in- 
terests, was  responsible  for  the  glorious 
victory  in  which  America  was  so  conspic- 
uously instrumental  in  bringing  about. 
Outstripping  a  hundredfold  the  dimensions 
of  any  previous  war  of  the  United  States, 
the  task  accomplished  was  a  revelation  to 
all  when  viewed  in  retrospect.  The  ac- 
complishments of  the  Liberty  Loans,  the 
devotion  of  the  millions  of  mothers  and  sis- 
ters in  behalf  of  the  Red  Cross,  the  won- 
derful response  of  the  country  to  the  ope- 
ration of  the  Selective  Service  Act  in  rais- 
ing an  army  of  millions — the  sacrifices  of 
all,  at  home  and  abroad,  were  universal 
during  the  year  and  a  half  at  which  Ameri- 
ca was  at  war. 

Loyalty  and  love  of  country  were  terms 
with  new  meanings.  Sedition  was  lurking 
only  here  and  there,  and  this  was  prompt- 
ly done  away  with  through  the  efficient 
secret  service  department  and  popular 
opinion.  The  four  million  American  boys 
who  were  under  arms,  many  of  them  at  the 
front  and  the  remainder  eager  for  the 
chance  to  jump  in,  convinced  the  world 
that  the  fighting  blood  that  gave  birth  to 
their  nation  had  not  been  diluted  through 
the  riotous  living  of  a  century.  The  brave 
lads  who  gave  their  lives  and  are  now 
buried  over  there  went  to  their  fate  with 
hearts  full  of  joy,  and  in  a  manner  that 
gave  courage  to  the  veterans  of  four  years 
who  fought  beside  them.  And  their  brave 
mothers  in  the  States  who  waited  in  vain 
for  peace  to  bring  their  sons  back  to  them, 
made  the  greatest  sacrifices  within  their 
power  with  a  courage  and  willingness  that 
was  unequalled  even  by  the  Spartans  them- 
selves. 

When  the  history  of  the  part  taken  by 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


37 


the  men  from  all  countries,  and  of  all  na-  of  the  part  played  by  the  men  of  Granville 
tionalities,  in  the  great  European  struggle  County  in  stamping  out  militaristic  auto- 
is  permanently  written,  there  will    be    no  cracy  from  the  world, 
more  brilliant  chapters  than  those  telling 


E  Company,  120th  Infantry 


Though  the  120th  Infantry  saw  heavy 
fighting  in  a  number  of  battles,  the  larger 
part  of  its  casualties  occurred  during  the 
memorable  engagement  of  the  29th  of 
September,  1918,  in  the  battle  of  Belli- 
court,  when  the  Hindenburg  Line,  until 
then  pronounced  impregnable,  was  broken. 
The  list  of  battles  in  which  Company  E 
fought  and  its  roster,  including  the  casual- 
ty list,  as  presented  in  this  volume,  was 
prepared  by  Sergt.  James  J.  Walters,  com- 
pany clerk. 

Company  E,  better  known  as  the  Gran- 
ville Grays,  was  the  nucleus  around  which 
Company  E,  120th  Infantry,  was  built  up. 
Before  the  war  with  Germany  the  Gran- 
ville Grays  constituted  Company  E,  3rd 
Regiment,  North  Carolina  National  Guard. 
It  traces  its  history  still  further  back  to 
the  War  Between  the  States,  in  which  it 
rendered  distinguished  service  as  Company 
D,  12th  Regiment,  C.  S.  A. 


HEADQUARTERS  E  COMPANY,  120TH 
INFANTRY,    AMERICAN    EXPE- 
DITIONARY FORCES,  FRANCE, 
MARCH  4,  1919 
RECORD   OF   COMPANY   E,   120TH   IN- 
FANTRY. FROM  JULY  25,  1917,  TO 
MARCH   10,   1919 

Left  United  States  for  foreign  service 
May  12,  1918.  Arrived  Liverpool,  Eng- 
land, May  27,  1918.  Arrived  in  France, 
May  29,  1918.  Left  France  July  4,  1918. 
Arrived  Herzeele,  Belgium  July  4,  1918. 
Left  Belgium  for  France  September  7, 
1918.  Arrived  Wavrans,  France,  Septem- 
ber 7,  1918. 


BATTLES 
Holding  lines  in  Vlamertinghe,  Ypres 
sector,  from  June  16,  1918,  to  September 
4,  1918.  Company  fought  in  the  following 
named  battles:  Bellicourt,  September  29, 
1918;  Brancourt,  October  12,  1918,  to  Octo- 
ber 13,  1918;  Montbrehain,  October  13-14, 
1918 ;  Busigny,  Mazengheim,  St.  Souplet, 
October  14  to  October  20.  1918. 

PLACES  STATIONED  AT 
Liverpool,  England,  May  27th.  Folke- 
stone, England,  May  28th,  to  May  29th, 
1918.  Calais,  France,  May  29,  June  1, 
1918.  La  Montre,  June  1.  to  July  2,  1918. 
Watton,  July  2,  July  3,  1918.  Rubrouck, 
July  3,  July  4,  1918.  Herzeele,  July  4,  July 
10.  1918.  Belgium,  St.  Jan  Ter  Biezen, 
July  10,  1918,  to  July  15,  1918.  Poperinghe, 
July  15  to  July  16,  1918.  Ypres,  July  16 
to  July  26.  1918.  St.  Jan  Ter  Biezen  July 
26,  to  August  2,  1918.  Poperinghe,  Au- 
gust 2,  to  August  10,  1918.  St.  Jan  Ter  Bi- 
ezen, August  10  to  August  16,  1918.  Pop- 
eringhe, August  16  to  August  21,  1918. 
Ypres,  August  21,  to  September  2,  1918. 
Poperinghe,  September  2  to  September  9, 
1918.  Proven,  September  6  to  September 
7,  1918.  France — Wavrans,  September  7, 
1918.  Framscourt,  September  7  to  Sep- 
tember 17,  1918.  Forceville,  September  17 
to  September  23,  1918.  Tincourt,  Septem- 
ber 24,  1918.  Hargicourt,  September  24  to 
September  28.  Bellicourt.  September  29  to 
October  1,  1918.  Tincourt.  October  1  to 
October  2,  1918.  Belloy,  October  2  to  Oc- 
tober 5,  1918.  Tincourt,  October  5  to  Octo- 
ber 6,  1918.  Bellicourt,  October  6  to  Octo- 
ber 8,  1918.  Johncourt.  October  8  to  Octo- 
ber 9,  1918.     Estrees,  October  9  to  October 


38 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


12,  1918.    Brancourt,  October  12  to  October 

13,  1918.  Montrebrehain,  October  13  to 
October  14,  1918.  Brancourt,  October  14 
to  October  16,  1918.  Premont,  October  16 
to  October  17.  1918.  St.  Souplet,  October 
17  to  October  20,  1918.  Busigny,  October 
20,  1918.     Nauroy,  October  21  to  October 

22,  1918.     Tincourt,  October  22  to  October 

23,  1918.     Heilly,  October  23    to    October 

24,  1918.  Montigny,  October  24  to  No- 
vember 20,  1918.  Beaumont,  November  20 
to  November  21,  1918.  Mezieres,  November 
21  to  December  8,  1918.  St.  Sabine,  Decem- 
ber 8  to  January  2,  1919.  La  Bazoge,  Jan- 
uary 2  to  January  10,  1919.  St.  Sabine, 
January  10  to  February  12,  1919.  Soulegne, 
February  12  to  February  13,  1919.  For- 
warding Camp  Le  Mans,  February  13, 
1919. 


ROSTER   OF    OFFICERS    WHO    HAVE 

SERVED   WITH   THIS   COMPANY 

SINCE   JULY    25,     1917,     TO 

MARCH  10,  1919 

GIVING  NAME,  RANK  AND  ADDRESS 

Bogar,  Basil  A.,  2nd  Lieut.,  Craston, 
Iowa.  Transferred  to  30th  division  and 
assigned  to  E  Company,  120th  Infantry, 
from  42nd  division,  November  5,  1918. 

Donovan,  Percy  J.,  2nd  Lieut.,  Detroit, 
Mich.  Assigned  to  company  during  the 
month  of  July,  1918,  transferred  to  St. 
Nazaire,   France,  February  11,  1919. 

Ellington,  James  M.,  1st  Lieut.,  Oxford, 
N.  C.  Promoted  to  2nd  Lieut,  from  1st 
Sergt.,  December,  1917;  promoted  from 
2nd  Lieut,  to  1st  Lieut.,  August  31,  1918. 
Wounded  in  battle  of  Bellicourt  Septem- 
ber 29,  1918. 

Fuller,  Elbert  E.,  Captain,  Oxford,  N. 
C.  Transferred  to  R.  R.  &  C.  service  Sep- 
tember 23,  1918. 

Heald,  Thomas  J.,  1st  Lieut.,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C.  Transferred  to  battalion  head- 
quarters as  battalion  adjutant  in  August, 
1918. 


Hendley,  J.  Helmis,  1st  Lieut.,  Columbia, 
S.  C.  Transferred  from  3d  division  to 
30th  division  assigned  to  E  company,  120th 
infantry,  transferred  to  St.  Nazaire  to  ac- 
company casuals  to  U.  S. 

Hoefner,  John  J.,  2nd  Lieut.,  Elmira,  N. 
Y.  Transferred  to  30th  division  from  ar- 
my candidates  school,  Langres,  France, 
November  6,  1918;  transferred  to  3rd  divi- 
sion January,  1919. 

Huntzinger,  Frank  E.,  1st  Lieut.,  Noble- 
ville,  Indiana.  Transferred  from  I  Com- 
pany, this  regiment,  to  E  Company  in  Au- 
gust, 1918;  killed  in  action  in  battle  of 
Bellicourt  September  29,  1918. 

Landis,  William  T.,  1st  Lieut.,  Oxford, 
N.  C.  Promoted  to  2nd  Lieut,  from  Ser- 
geant December,  1917 ;  promoted  from  2nd 
Lieut,  to  1st  Lieut.,  February,  1919.  Wound- 
ed in  action  while  holding  lines  in  Ypres 
sector,  Belgium ;  wounded  again  on  Sep- 
tember 29,  1918,  in  battle  of  Bellicourt. 

McConnell,  Fred  Y.,  1st  Lieut.,  Concord, 
N.  C.  Promoted  to  2nd  Lieut,  from  1st 
Sergeant  in  July,  1918;  assigned  to  A  com- 
pany, 120th  Infantry,  transferred  to  E 
company  in  August,  1918,  was  slightly 
wounded  on  left  cheek  while  holding  lines  in 
Ypres,  Belgium,  later  wounded  in  battle  of 
Bellicourt  on  right  cheek.  Promoted  to 
1st  Lieut,  in  October,  1918.  Killed  in  ac- 
tion October  18,  1918,  near  Mazenheim, 
France,  and  buried  near  same  place. 

Morey,  Edward  J.,  2nd  Lieut.,  Omaha, 
Neb.  Attached  to  company  while  holding 
lines  in  Ypres  sector,  Belgium ;  transferred 
to  92nd  division. 

Murray,  Edwin  J.,  Captain,  Niagara 
Falls,  N.  Y.  Transferred  from  3rd  divis- 
ion to  30th  division  January,  1919 ;  assign- 
ed to  E  company,  120th  infantry. 

Poorman,  Arthur  G.,  Captain,  Trans- 
ferred from  A  company,  this  regiment,  to 
E  company,  September  24,  1918;  promot- 
ed to  Captain  September  30,  1918.  Trans- 
ferred to  officers  training  school   La  Val- 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


39 


JAMES  M.  ADCOCK 
Virgilina,  Va. 
Private,  Company  G,  166th  Infantry 
42nd  Division.  Born  November  26,  1894. 
Son  of  R.  W.  Adcock.  Entered  service 
May  25,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Overseas  nine  months.  Honorably  dis- 
charged May  11,  1919. 


WILLIE  BENJAMIN  ADCOCK 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  1st  class,  Company  H,  56th 
Pioneer  Infantry,  Third  Army  Corps. 
Born  September  19,  1895.  Son  of  M.  F. 
Adcock.  Entered  service  August  9,  1918, 
at  Camp  Wadsworth,  S.  C.  Overseas  ten 
months.  Honorably  discharged  July  5, 
1919. 


LEX  A.  ADCOCK 
R.  F.  D.  1,  Moriah,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  E,  120th  Infantry, 
30th  Division.  Born  August  21,  1890. 
Son  of  J.  B.  Adcock.  Entered  service  Oc- 
tober 4,  1917,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Went  overseas  May  12,  1918.  Wounded  in 
battle  of  St.  Quentin,  France,  October  10, 
1918.  Honorably  discharged  February  12, 
1919. 


LEE  AIKEN 
R.  F.  D.  6,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Supply  Company,  119th  Infan- 
try, 30th  Division.  Born  February  4,  1893. 
Son  of  Rodger  Aiken.  Entered  service 
September  19,  1917,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S. 
C.  Overseas  eleven  months.  Honorably 
discharged  April   7,   1919. 


40 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


borne,   October  8,   1918 ;   rejoined  A    com- 
pany, 120th  infantry,  January  8,  1919. 

Pouch,  Harold  F.,  1st  Lieut.,  New  York, 
N.  Y.  Attached  to  company  while  holding 
lines  in  Ypres  sector,  Belgium ;  transferred 
to  42nd  division. 

Pretlow,  Barclay,  2nd  Lieut.,  Franklin, 
Va.  Attached  to  company  while  at  Camp 
Sevier,  Greenville,  S.  C. 

Ray,  Carl,  Captain,  Brownsville,  Texas. 
Attached  to  company  while  at  Camp  Se- 
vier, Greenville,  S.  C. 

Steagall,  James  I.,  Captain,  Oxford,  N. 
C.  Sent  back  to  U.  S.  in  August,  1918. 
Promoted  from  1st  Lieut,  to  Captain  in 
September,  1918. 

Taylor,  James  A.,  1st  Lieut.,  Oxford,  N. 
C.  Promoted  from  2nd  Lieut,  to  1st  Lieut, 
in  November,  1918 ;  transferred  to  head- 
quarters, 30th  division,  as  aerial  observer, 
in  August,  1918.  Transferred  to  120th 
infantry  in  December,  1918,  as  Regimen- 
tal Intelligence  Officer. 


ROSTER     OF  ENLISTED     MEN     WHO 
HAVE  SERVED  WITH  THIS  COM- 
PANY SINCE  JULY  25,  1917,  TO 
MARCH  10,  1919 
GIVING  NAME,  RANK  AND  ADDRESS 
Adcock,  Alex  G.,  Private,  Roxboro,  N.  C. 

Ashley,  Charlie  S.,  Private,  Warrenville, 
N.  C.  Killed  in  battle  of  Bellicourt,  Sep- 
tember 29,  1918. 

Adcock,  Ed.  M.,  Private,  Hamlet,  N.  C. 
Transferred  to  Central  Records  Office,  in 
September,  1918. 

Adcock,  Lex  A.,  Private,  Berea,  N.  C. 
Wounded  in  battle  of  Bellicourt,  Septem- 
ber, 29,  1918.  Transferred  to  U.  S.  A. 

Ayers,  Walter  O.,  Private,  Crumpler,  N. 
C. 

Aiken,  Roy,  Sergt.,  Creedmoor,  N.  C. 
Transferred  to  army     candidates     school, 
Langres,  France,  October  1,  1918. 


Alfred,   Charlie,  Private,  Bristol,  Va. 

Alfrey,  Lyther  M.,  Private,  Cogswell, 
Ky.  Transferred  from  84th  division  to 
30th  division  and  assigned  to  company  E, 
120th  Infantry,  March  29,  1918. 

Allwardt,  Louis,  Private,  Plymouth,  Wis. 
Transferred  from  83rd  division  to  30th 
division  and  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  November  10,  1918. 

Armes,  Albert  J.,  Private,  Leslie,  Ky. 
Transferred  from  84th  division,  assigned 
to  30th  division,  and  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, March  29,  1918. 

Armstrong,  Clyde,  Private,  Stanley,  Ky. 
Killed  in  action  September  29,  1918,  in  bat- 
tle of  Bellicourt. 

Anderson,  Louis  S.,  Corporal,  Seymour, 
Ind.  Transferred  from  84th  division,  as- 
signed to  30th  division,  and  company  E, 
120th  Infantry,   March  28,   1918. 

Arthur,  James  I.,  Private,  Otway,  N.  C. 

Averett,  Leland  S.,  Sergt.,  Oxford,  N.  C. 

Bane,  Gaines  N.,  Private,  Rockwood, 
Tenn. 

Bane,  John  H.,  Private,  Rockwood,  Tenn. 
Wounded  in  battle  of  Bellicourt  Septem- 
ber 29,  1918,  returned  to  duty  in  Novem- 
ber, 1918. 

Bare,  Curby,  Private,  Wagoner,  N.  C. 
Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, Greenville,  S.  C,  assigned  to  com- 
pany E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1918. 

Barker,  Hawood,  Private,  Crutchfield,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division  to  30th 
division,  and  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry. 

Barker,  John,  Corporal,  Park,  Va.  Trans- 
ferred from  81st  division  to  30th  division 
in  October,  1917.  Wounded  in  battle  of 
Bellicourt,  later  died  of  wounds ;  buried 
near  Tincourt,  France. 

Barnes  Loyd,  Private,  West  Park,  Ohio. 
Transferred  from  83rd  division  to  30th 
division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, November  10,   1918. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


41 


ROY  AIKEN 
Creedmoor,  N.  C. 
Sergeant,  Company  E,  120th  Infantry, 
30th  Division.  Born  April  23,  1895.  Son 
of  Mrs.  I.  W.  Bullock.  Entered  service 
June  24,  1916,  at  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C. 
Overseas  thirteen  months.  Honorably  dis- 
charged July  16,  1919. 


CLAUDE  WILLIAM  ALLEN 
Creedmoor,  N.  C. 
Private,  Medical  Dept.,  119th  Infantry, 
30th  Division.  Born  December  6,  1895. 
Son  of  G.  L.  Allen.  Entered  service 
March  23,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Went  overseas  May  11,  1918.  Captured 
by  Germans  September  29,  1918,  but  re- 
captured by  Americans  in  few  hours. 
Wounded  October  17,  1918.  Honorably  dis- 
charged January  14,  1919. 

H-R-4 


THOMAS  W.  ALLEN 
Creedmoor,  N.  C. 
Corporal,  Company  E,  322nd  Infantry, 
81st  Division.  Born  January  7,  1893.  Son 
of  G.  L.  Allen.  Entered  service  May  24, 
1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Promoted 
to  Corporal  May  3,  1919.  Honorably  dis- 
charged June  25,  1919. 


RUFUS  W.  ALLGOOD 
R.  F.  D.  7,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  E,  322nd  Infantry, 
81st  Division.  Born  August  22,  1889. 
Son  of  J.  J.  Allgood.  Entered  service  May 
25,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Trans- 
ferred to  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C.  Honorably 
discharged    March    21,    1919. 


42 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


Barr,  Robert,  Private,  Bristol,  Va. 
Transferred  from  2nd  Tennessee  infantry 
to  company  E,  120th  infantry  October, 
1917. 

Baldwin,  John,  Private,  Grassy  Creek, 
N.  C. 

Basham,  Alva  N.,  Corporal,  Irvington, 
Ky.  Transferred  from  84th  division, 
Camp  Zachary  Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  divi- 
sion and  assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, Camp  Sevier,  Greenville,  S.  C, 
March  29,  1918. 

Basnight,  Will,  Corporal,  Oriental,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, Greenville,  S.  C,  and  assigned  to 
company  E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 

Baxter,  Wilbur  P.,  Sergt.,  Petersburg, 
Va.  Transferred  to  B  company,  105th 
military  police,  January  29,  1918. 

Boiling,  Norman  R.,  Private,  Mayesville, 
N.  C.  Wounded  in  battle  of  Bellicourt, 
September  29,  1918,  returned  to  duty  No- 
vember, 1918.  Transferred  from  81st  di- 
vision, Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  divi- 
sion, assigned  to  company  E,  120th  infan- 
try, Camp  Sevier,  Greenville,  S.  C. 

Bottoms,  Temie  L.,  Private,  Beach,  Va. 
Transferred  from  83rd  division  to  30th 
division  and  assigned  to  120th  infantry  No- 
vember 10,  1918. 

Bowling,  Kilor  S.,  Sergt.,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Wounded  in  action  near  St.  Souplet  Octo- 
ber 12,  1918,  returned  to  U.  S.  A. 

Boyette,  Delia  C,  Corporal,  Lucama,  N. 
C.  Wounded  in  battle  of  Bellicourt  Sep- 
tember 29,  1918,  transferred  to  hospital 
September  29,  1918,  reassigned  to  company 
December,  1918. 

Blackburn,  Wiley  W.,  Corporal,  Grassy 
Creek,  N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  di- 
vision, Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  divis- 
ion, Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  com- 
pany E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1918; 
wounded  in  action  September  29,  1918, 
transferred  to  U.  S.  A. 


Bledsoe,  Horton,  Corporal,  Todd,  N.  C. 
Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, Greenville,  S.  C,  assigned  to  com- 
pany E,  120th  infantry. 

Brady,  Benjamin  W.,  Mechanic,  Hope 
Mills,  N.  C.  Killed  in  action  October  18, 
1918,  near  Vaux  Andigny,  France,  buried 
near  same  place. 

Brooks,  Fielden  F.,  Corporal,  Clifton,  K. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division  to  30th 
division,  October,  1918,  assigned  to  com- 
pany E,  120th  infantry. 

Brown,  Dewey  S.,  Sergt.,  Mt.  Ulla,  N.  C. 
Wounded  in  battle  of  Bellicourt  Septem- 
ber 29,  1918. 

Brown,  Virdie  R.,  Private,  Garfield, 
Ky.  Transferred  from  84th  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E, 
120th  infantry  March  29,  1918;  wounded 
in  battle  of  Bellicourt  September  29,  1918. 

Buckner,  Grover  C,  Mechanic,  Siler  City, 
N.  C.  Wounded  in  action  September  29, 
1918.  Transferred  to  30th  division  from 
81st  division  in  October,  1918,  assigned  to 
company  E,  120th  infantry,  in  October 
1917. 

Burleson,  David,  Private,  Valley,  N.  C. 
Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  and  assign- 
ed to  company  E,  120th  infantry,  Camp  Se- 
vier, Greenville,  S.  C.  Wounded  in  battle 
of  Bellicourt  September  29,  1918,  returned 
to  U.  S.  A.  for  treatment. 

Byrum,  John  C,  1st  Sergt.,  Edenton,  N. 
C.  Wounded  in  action  September  29,  1918, 
in  battle  of  Bellicourt,  returned  to  U.  S.  A. 

Calhoun,  Cortes,  Private,  Home  address 
not  known.  Discharged  at  Camp  Sevier,  S. 
C,  February  9,  1918. 

Calhoun,  Thomas  F..  Private,  Jefferson, 
N.  C.  Discharged  at  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C, 
February  9,  1918. 

Carnahan,  William,  Corporal,  Bristol, 
Tenn.  Transferred  from  55th  depot  bri- 
gade to  company  E,  120th  infantry,  Octo- 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


43 


OLLIE  B.  ARRINGTON 
Hargrove,  N.  C. 
Wagoner,  377th  Ambulance  Company. 
Born  April  29,  1894.  Son  of  E.  D.  Arling- 
ton. Entered  service  June  25,  1918,  at 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Honorably  discharg- 
ed January  8,   1919. 


LELAND  STANLEY  AVERETT 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Sergeant,  Company  E,  120th  Infantry, 
30th  Division.  Son  of  Thomas  Jefferson 
and  Lucy  Averett.  Born  March  29,  1895. 
Entered  service  May  21,  1917,  at  Camp 
Sevier,  S.  C.  Went  overseas  May  12, 
1918.  Honorably  discharged  April  18, 
1919. 


WILLIAM  H.  ARRINGTON 
R.  F.  D.  6,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Corporal,  334th  Company,  Motor  Trans- 
port Corps.  Born  in  Granville  County. 
Son  of  W.  I.  Arlington.  Entered  service 
May  24,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Transferred  to  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C.  Pro- 
moted to  Corporal  August  15,  1918.  Hon- 
orably  discharged    April    3,    1919. 


EDWARD  BRANSFORD  BALLOU 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Students  Army  Training  Corps. 
Born  June  10,  1898.  Son  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
W.  B.  Ballou.  Entered  service  September, 
1918,  at  Washington  and  Lee  University. 
Honorably   discharged   December,  1918. 


44 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


ber,  1917.  Transferred  to  hospital,  at 
Halifax,  N.  S.,  in  May,  1918,  rejoined  com- 
pany in  Belgium,  August,  1918.  Killed  in 
action  September  29,  1918. 

Carey,  Creed  A.,  Private,  Ellington,  Ky. 
Transferred  from  84th  division,  Camp 
Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Sevier, 
S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th  infan- 
try, March  29,  1918. 

Carter,  Francis  M.,  Corporal,  Burkes- 
ville,  Ky.  Transferred  from  84th  division 
Camp  Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division,  Camp 
Sevier,  S.  C,  March  29,  1918. 

Carver,  William  C,  Corporal,  Woodsdale, 
N.  C.  Wounded  in  battle  of  Bellicourt, 
September  29,  1918. 

Chambers,  Herman,  Private,  Bristol, 
Tenn.  Transferred  to  quartermaster  corps 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  February  23,  1918. 

Chambers,  Woodie,  Private,  Stem,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division.  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917. 

Clark,  Fred  L.,  Mechanic,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Killed  in  action  September  29,  1918,  in  bat- 
tle of  Bellicourt,  buried  near  same  place. 

Claywell,  Alonzo,  Private,  Bakerton,  Ky. 
Transferred  from  84th  division,  Camp 
Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Sevier, 
S.  C.,  March  29,  1918.  Wounded  in  battle 
of  Bellicourt,  September  29,  1918. 

Cocherham,  Doughton  E.,  Private,  Ber- 
lin, N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company 
E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 

Collins,  Russel,  Private,  Home  address 
not  known.  Transferred  to  headquarters 
company,  120th  infantry,  Camp  Sevier,  S. 
C,  March  21,  1918. 

Compton,  Phillip  S.,  Private,  Oswalt,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917. 


Condery,  Clarence  C,  Private,  Under- 
wood, Ind.  Transferred  from  84th  division, 
Camp  Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division,  Camp 
Sevier,  S.  C,  March  29,  1918.  Killed  in 
action  September  29,  1918,  in  battle  of 
Bellicourt. 

Cooper,  Leon  J.,  Private,  Plymouth,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  assigned  to 
company  E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 
Wounded  in  battle  of  Bellicourt  Septem- 
ber 29,  1918,  returned  to  U.  S.  A.  for  treat- 
ment. 

Covington,  Robert  N.,  Private,  Rocking- 
ham, N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  divis- 
ion, Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  Greenville,  S.  C,  assigned  to 
company  E,  120th  infantry  October,  1917. 
Wounded  in  action  October  12,  1918,  re- 
turned to  U.  S.  A.  for  treatment. 

Cox,  Bob  C,  Private,  North  Wilkesboro, 
N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  division,  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E, 
120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 

Crawford,  Herby  E.,  Private,  Whaley, 
N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company 
E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917.  Wounded 
in  action  near  Mazenheim,  France,  October 
19,  1918,  returned  to  duty  with  company 
December,  1918. 

Crutchfield,  Oswald  M.,  Private,  San- 
ford,  N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  divis- 
ion, Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  October,  1917.  Wound- 
ed in  action  near  Mazenheim,  France,  Oc- 
tober 19,  1918. 

Curtis,  William  P.,  Private,  Bristol, 
Tenn.  Transferred  from  55th  depot  bri- 
gade to  company  E,  120th  infantry,  Octo- 
ber, 1918.  Wounded  in  action  near  Ypres, 
Belgium,  July  16,  1918,  returned  to  U.  S. 
A.  for  treatment. 

Dallas,  Thomas  G.,  Sergt.,  Reidsville,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  supply  company, 
120th   infantry,   to   company   E,   January, 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


45 


JAMES  WHITAKER  BALLOU 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Students  Army.  Training  Corps. 
Born  July  28,  1900.  Son  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
W.  B.  Ballou.  Entered  service  September. 
1918,  at  Virginia  Military  Institute.  At 
Plattsburg,  N.  Y.,  in  Reserve  Officers' 
Training  Corps,  June,  1918.  Honorably 
discharged  December,   1918. 


KILOR    S.   BOWLING 
Oxford,   N.   C. 

Sergeant,  Company  E,  120th  Infantrv, 
30th  Division.  Born  October  10,  1893. 
Son  of  Thomas  Bowling.  Entered  service 
July  15,  1917,  at  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C. 
Went  overseas  May  12,  1918.  Wounded 
in  France  October  10,  1918.  Honorably 
discharged   April   18,   1919. 


W.  X.  BOBBITT 
R.  F.  D.,  Hester,  N.  C. 
Corporal,  15th  Company,  156th  Depot 
Brigade,  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Born  Sep- 
tember 26,  1889.  Son  of  A.  E.  Bobbin. 
Entered  service  May  24,  1918,  at  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C.  Promoted  to  Corporal  Jan- 
uary 10,  1919.  Honorablv  discharged 
March  11,   1919. 


WALLACE  ALLEX  BLALOCK. 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  1st  class,  Company  D,  4th 
Corps  Artillery  Park,  3rd  B.  &  S.  D.  D.  G. 
Born  in  Granville  County.  Son  of  W.  H. 
and  Mag  Blalock.  Entered  service  August 
9,  1918,  at  Camp  Wadsworth,  S.  C.  Went 
overseas  September  3,  1918.  Honorably 
discharged   July   13,   1919. 


46 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


1919.  Transferred  to  company  G,  120th  in- 
fantry,  February,    1918. 

Davis,  Charles  E.,  Private,  Carrboro,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917.  Wounded  in  bat- 
tle of  Bellicourt  September  29,  1918,  re- 
turned to  U.  S.  A.  for  treatment. 

Davis,  Quincy,  Private,  Jefferson,  N.  C. 
Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  October,  1917.  Deserted  at 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  and  dropped  from 
rolls  of  organization  May  5,  1918. 

Dawson,  Joseph,  Private,  home  address 
not  known.  Transferred  to  base  hospital 
Camp  Sevier,   S.  C,  April,   1918. 

Digh,  Julius  P.,  Corporal,  Lincolnton, 
N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  October,  1917,  assign- 
ed to  company  E,  120th  infantry.  Wounded 
in  battle  of  Bellicourt  September  29,  1918, 
returned  to  U.  S.  A.  for  treatment. 

Dillard,  James  E.,  Corporal,  Hayes,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  October,  1917.  Wounded  in 
battle  of  Bellicourt  September  29,  1918,  re- 
turned to  U.  S.  A.  for  treatment. 

Dobbin,  John  F.,  Private,  Rockingham, 
N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  Greenville,  S.  C,  assigned  to 
company  E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 
Transferred  to  province  battalion,  Camp 
Sevier,  S.  C,  April  25,  1918. 

Duvall,  Eugene  R.,  Private,  Grassy 
Creek,  N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  divi- 
sion, Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  October,   1917. 

Eakes,  Bennie  A.,  Private,  Oxford,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 


infantry  October,  1917,  died  of  wounds  re- 
ceived in  action  October  4,  1918. 

Eakes,  Ernest  O.,  Cook,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  October,   1917. 

Eastwood,  Henry,  Private,  Buffalo  Junc- 
tion, Va.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E, 
120th  infantry  October,  1917.  Killed  in 
action  October  12,  1918,  near  Brancourt, 
France. 

Edmonson,  Paul  T.,  Private,  Parmale,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  October,  1917,  assigned  to  com- 
pany E,  120th  infantry. 

Eley,  Walter  S.,  Private,  Ganant,  Ohio. 
Transferred  from  83rd  division  to  30th 
division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, November  11,  1918. 

Elliott,  Jesse  B.,  Private,  Helton,  N.  C. 
Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917.  Wounded  in  ac- 
tion in  Ypres  sector,  Belgium,  July,  1918. 
returned  to  U.  S.  for  treatment. 

Everett,  Simon  I.,  Private,  Bristol,  Va. 
Transferred  from  55th  depot  brigade  to 
company  E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 

Faircloth,  Henry  G.,  Private,  address 
not  known.  Discharged  at  Camp  Sevier, 
S.  C,  March  25,  1918,  inapt,  for  military 
service. 

Farrell,  Clarence  R.,  Private,  Carrboro, 
N.  C.  Transferred  to  M.  T.  company,  No. 
334,  Q.  M.  C.  N.  A.,  April  19,  1918. 

Faulkner,  Ora  S.,  Private,  address  un- 
known. Transferred  from  83rd  division 
to  30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E, 
120th  infantry,  November,  1918.  Trans- 
ferred to  hospital. 

Felty,  Tracy,  Private,  Bristol,  Tenn. 
Transferred   from   55th   depot   brigade   to 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


47 


BENJAMIN  HAYS  BRADFORD 
R.  F.  D.  3,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  B,  .  Students'  Army 
Training  Corps,  Trinity  College,  Durham, 
N.  C.  Born  January  24,  1898.  Son  of 
Sarah  C.  Bradford.  Entered  service  Octo- 
ber 7,  1918,  at  Trinity  College,  Durham, 
N.  C.  Honorably  discharged  December  9, 
1918. 


NATHANIEL  C.  BRUMMITT 
R.  F.  D.  2,  Kittrell,  N.  C. 
Private,  Field  Remount  Squadron,  344. 
Born  August  13,  1892.  Son  of  T.  J.  and 
Caroline  V.  Brummitt.  Entered  service 
May  16,  1918,  at  A.  &  E.  College,  West 
Raleigh,  N.  C.  Transferred  to  Camp 
Johnston,  Fla.  Went  overseas  November 
8,  1918.  Honorably  discharged  July  9, 
1919. 


JACOB  THOMPSON  BRADSHER 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Infantry,  Camp  Lee,  Va.  Born 
January  20,  1895.  Son  of  James  S.  and 
Sallie  T.  Bradsher.  Entered  service  June 
25,  1918,  at  Camp  Lee,  Va.  Honorably 
discharged  July  10,  1918,  account  physi- 
cal disability. 


HENRY  BLOUNT  BRYAN 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Medical  Detachment,  56th 
Pioneer  Infantry.  Born  January  30,  1897. 
Son  of  Charles  Walter  Bryan.  Entered 
service  August  9,  1918,  at  Camp  Wads- 
worth,  S.  C.  Went  overseas  September  4, 
1918.  Honorably  discharged  at  Camp  Lee, 
Va.,  July   6,   1919. 


48 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


company  E,  120th  infantry  October,  1917. 
Wounded  in  action  September  29,  1918,  in 
battle  of  Bellicourt,  returned  to  U.  S.  A. 
for  treatment. 

Ferguson,  Jesse,  Private,  Harriman, 
Tenn.  Transferred  from  55th  depot  bri- 
gade to  company  E,  120th  infantry,  Octo- 
ber, 1917. 

Fitts,  John  C.  L.,  Private,  Bullock,  N. 
C.  Discharged  at  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  Feb- 
ruary 9,  1918. 

Fleming,  Fred  G.,  Corporal,  Creedmoor, 
N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company 
E,  120th  infantry  October,  1917.  Wound- 
ed in  battle  of  Bellicourt  September  29, 
1918.     Returned  to  U.  S.  A.  for  treatment. 

Flowers,  Bradley  L.,  Corporal,  Frogue, 
Ky.  Transferred  from  84th  division, 
Camp  Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division,  Camp 
Sevier,  S.  C,  March  29,  1918. 

Fogleman,  Otis  B.,  Cook,  Rock  Creek,  N. 
C.  Killed  in  action  at  battle  of  Bellicourt, 
September  29,  1918. 

Forbis,  William  L.,  Private,  Hancock, 
Mo.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  November,  1918. 

Fowler,  Ira  L.,  Corporal,  Creedmoor,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917. 

Fowler,  John  B.,  Corporal,  Creedmoor, 
N.  C.  Transferred  to  hospital,  returned 
to  U.  S.  A.  for  treatment  February,  1919. 

Freeman,  Orian  D.,  Sergt.,  Franklinton, 
N.  C.  Wounded  in  battle  of  Bellicourt 
September  29,  1918,  returned  to  U.  S.  A. 
for  treatment. 

Freeborn,  Edgar  M.,  Sergt.,  Telford, 
Tenn. 

Fuller,  Francis  M.,  Private,  Manches- 
ter,  Iowa.     Transferred  from  83rd  divis- 


ion to  company  E,  120th  infantry,  Novem- 
ber, 1918. 

Frye,  John  W.,  Private,  Kingston,  Tenn. 
Transferred  from  83rd  division  to  30th 
division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, November,  1918. 

Gaffney,  Patrick,  Private,  Winthrop, 
Iowa.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E, 
120th  infantry,  November,   1918. 

Garner,  Joseph  S.,  Private,  Rockwood, 
Tenn.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company 
E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1918. 

Gates,  Alexander,  Private,  Timberlake, 
N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  Greenville,  S.  C,  assigned 
to  company  E,  120th  infantry,  October, 
1917.  Wounded  in  battle  of  Bellicourt, 
September  29,  1918,  returned  to  U.  S.  A. 
for  treatment. 

George,  Eugene  C,  Private,  Madison, 
Ind.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E, 
120th  infantry,  November,  1918. 

Gideon,  George  H.,  Private,  Muscatine, 
Iowa.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  November,  1918. 

Gill,  Howard  C,  Private,  Wilton,  Iowa. 
Transferred  from  83rd  division  to  30th  di- 
vision, assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, November,  1918. 

Gilley,  Halford  B.,  Private,  Clifton,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917. 

Glenn,  Eugene,  Bugler,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Wounded  in  battle  of  Bellicourt,  Septem- 
ber 29,  1918,  transferred  to  U.  S.  for 
treatment. 

Glover,  Garland  G.,  Private,  Floral,  Ky. 
Transferred   from   84th     division,      Camp 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


49 


BENJAMIN  GARLAND  BULLOCK 

Creedmoor,  N.  C. 
Regimental  Supply  Sergeant,  322nd  In- 
fantry Supply,  81st  Division.  Born  Sep- 
tember 20,  1888.  Son  of  B.  W.  Bullock. 
Entered  service  September  4,  1917,  at 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Promoted  to  Regi- 
mental Supply  Sergeant  September  10, 
1918.  Went  overseas  July  30,  1918.  Hon- 
orably   discharged   June   25,   1919. 


HARVEY  READE  BULLOCK 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Corporal,  Company  E,  29th  Engineers, 
attached  to  2nd  Army,  A.  E.  F.  Born  in 
Oxford,  N.  C,  April  15,  1894.  Son  of  J. 
Dudley  Bullock.  Entered  service  April  3, 
1918,  at  Fort  Slocum,  N.  Y.  Went  over- 
seas August  14,  1918.  Honorably  dis- 
charged  March   22,   1919. 


HILORY  M.  BULLOCK 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Mechanic,  Company  E,  322nd  Infantry, 
81st  Division.  Born  in  Halifax  County,  N. 
C.  Son  of  P.  H.  Bullock.  Entered  service 
May  24,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Promoted  to  rank  of  mechanic  April  9, 
1919.  Overseas  10  months.  Honorably 
discharged  June   15,   1919. 


JOHN  H.  BULLOCK 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
First  Lieutenant,  Medical  Corps,  Camp 
Lee,  Va.  Born  October  17,  1891.  Son  of 
John  H.  Bullock.  Entered  service  July 
1,  1918,  at  Army  Medical  School,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 


50 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry.  Wounded  in  action  October  10, 
1918,  returned  to  duty  December,   1918. 

Goforth,  Colon,  Private,  Mars  Hill,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  105th  M.  P.  to  com- 
pany E,  120th  infantry,  July,  1918.  Kill- 
ed in  action  September  29,  1918. 

Golden,  Oscar  J.,  Private,  Independence, 
Iowa.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  November,  1918. 

Goss,  William,  Private,  Chapel  Hill,  N. 
C. 

Gould,  William  N.,  Private,  DesMoines, 
Iowa.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  November,  1918. 

Gourley,  Edgar  L.,  Private,  Bristol. 
Tenn.  Transferred  to  Province  battalion, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  April  25,  1918. 

Graham,  Jacob  K.,  Private,  Todd,  N.  C. 
Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917. 

Graham,  John  H.  C,  Private,  Trout,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  assigned 
to  company  E,  120th  infantry,  October, 
1917.  Wounded  in  battle  of  Bellicourt  Sep- 
tember 29,  1918,  returned  to  U.  S.  A.  for 
treatment. 

Granger,  George,  Private,  Idebel,  Okla. 
Transferred  from  83rd  division  to  30th 
division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, November,  1918. 

Grant,  George  W.,  Private,  Bristol,  Va. 
Transferred  from  55th  depot  brigade,  to 
company  E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 
Wounded  in  battle  of  Bellicourt  Septem- 
ber 29,  1918. 

Green,  Harold  F.,  Corporal,  Northside, 
N.  C.  Wounded  in  battle  of  Vaux  Andig- 
ny,    October   10,   1918.        Transferred     to 


hospital  same  date,  returned  to  duty  De- 
cember, 1918. 

Greenwell,  William  W.,  Private,  Mooley- 
ville,  Ky.  Transferred  from  84th  division, 
Camp  Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division,  assign- 
ed to  company  E,  120th  infantry,  March 
29,  1918.  Wounded  in  action  September 
29,  1918,  returned  to  U.  S.  A.  for  treat- 
ment. 

Greer,  Ed.,  Private,  Jefferson,  N.  C. 
Transferred  to  hospital,  Camp  Sevier,  S. 
C,  May,  1918. 

Guidry,  Thomas,  Private,  Broaux  Bridge, 
La.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry. 

Hadden,  Roy,  Private,  Akron,  Ohio. 
Transferred  from  83rd  division  to  30th  di- 
vision, assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, November,   1918. 

Haden,  Will,  Private,  Wallace,  Va. 
Transferred  from  55th  depot  brigade  to 
company  E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 

Hall,  Dornal  C,  Private,  Durham,  N.  C. 
Wounded  in  action  July  18,  1918,  Ypres, 
Belgium,  returned  to  duty  November,  1918. 

Hall,  Willie  A.,  Private,  Petersburg,  Va. 

Ham,  Lester,  Private,  Lansing  N.  C. 
Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  October,  1917.  Killed  in  action 
in  battle  of  Bellicourt,  September  29,  1918. 

Hamby,  Bower,  Private,  West  Jefferson, 
N.  C.  Deserted  at  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C, 
February  9,  1918. 

Hampton,  Roy,  Corporal,  Rockwood, 
Tenn.  Transferred  from  55th  depot  bri- 
gade to  company  E,  120th  infantry,  Octo- 
ber, 1917. 

Hammonds,  Willie  C,  Corporal,  Moor- 
field,  Ky.  Transferred  from  84th  division, 
Camp  Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division.  Camp 
Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  March  29,  1918.  Wounded  in 
battle  of  Bellicourt  September  29,  1918,  re- 
turned to  duty  November,  1918. 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


51 


NICHOLAS  BODDIE  CANNADY 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Captain,  Medical  Coi-ps,  First  Battal- 
ion, 318th  Infantry,  80th  Division.  Born 
August  3,  1888.  Son  of  John  F.  and  Mary 
C.  Cannady.  Entered  service  August  27, 
1917,  at  Fort  Oglethorpe,  Ga.  Promoted 
to  Captain  March  25,  1918.  Overseas  six 
months.  Honorably  discharged  March  12, 
1919. 


RICHARD  C.  M.  CALVERT 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Captain,  Company  E,  33rd  Engineers. 
Born  December  31,  1872.  Son  of  Charles 
B.  Calvert.  Entered  service  March  17, 
1917.  Promoted  to  First  Lieutenant  June 
28,  1917,  Captain  May  10,  1918.  Went  ov- 
erseas June  29,  1918.  Served  on  Regimen- 
tal Special  Court  Martial  and  General 
Court  Martial  for  Base  Section  No.  5,  from 
February,  1919,  to  June,  1919.  Promoted 
to  Regimental  Adjutant  June,  1919.  Hon- 
orably   discharged    July    28,    1919. 


SAMUEL  C.  CANNADY 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Sergeant,  General  Hospital  No.  10, 
North  Eastern  Division,  Boston,  Mass. 
Born  January  18,  1894.  Son  of  C.  W.  and 
B.  J.  Cannady.  Entered  service  May  24, 
1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Promoted 
to  Sergeant  September  15,  1918.  Honor- 
ably  discharged   January   18,   1919. 


RUSSELL  B.  CAREY 
R.  F.  D.  1,  Nelson,  Va. 
Private,  1st  class,  Medical  Detachment, 
Motor  Supply  Train,  No.  415.  Born  in 
1888.  Son  of  Beverly  Carey.  Entered  ser- 
vice March  20,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S. 
C.  Promoted  to  private,  1st  class,  July  12, 
1918.  Went  overseas  August  14,  1918. 
Honorably    discharged    June    21,    1919. 


52 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


Harkelroad,  Charlie  L.,  Private,  Bristol, 
Term.  Transferred  from  55th  depot  bri- 
gade to  company  E,  120th  infantry,  Octo- 
ber, 1917. 

Hart,  John  B.,  Corporal,  Creedmoor,  N. 
C.  Wounded  in  battle  near  Vaux  Andig- 
ny,  October  10,  1918. 

Harvey,  Boothe  C,  Private,  Mason, 
Tenn.  Transferred  from  83rd  division,  as- 
signed to  company  E,  120th  infantry,  No- 
vember, 1918. 

Hatcher,  Robert  H.,  Private,  Colquit, 
Ga.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  November,  1918. 

Hawn,  James  E.,  Private,  Crothersville, 
Ind.  Transferred  from  84th  division 
Camp  Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division,  Camp 
Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  March  29,  1918. 

Hayes,  Argel,  Private,  Bristol,  Tenn. 
Transferred  from  55th  depot  brigade  to 
company  E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 

Hein,  John,  Private,  Schaokin,  Pa. 
Transferred  from  83rd  division  to  30th  di- 
vision, assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, November,   1918. 

Henry,  Noah  R.,  Private,  Etowah,  N.  C. 
Transferred  from  81st  division  to  30th  di- 
vision, Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  com- 
pany E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 

Hicks,  Henry,  Private,  Frank,  N.  C. 
Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917.  Wounded  in  bat- 
tle of  Bellicourt,  September  29,  1918,  re- 
turned  to   duty   December,    1918. 

Hicks,  William  H.,  Sergt.,  Henderson, 
N.  C.  Wounded  in  action  near  Vaux  An- 
digny,  October  10,  1918. 

Hight,  Robert  B.,  Private,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Transferred  to  provisional  battalion, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  April  25,  1918. 

Hightower,  Richard  T.,  Private,  Boyd- 
ton,  Va. 


Hodge,  Oliver,  Private,  Sparta,  N.  C. 
Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917.  Wounded  in  ac- 
tion September  29,  1918,  returned  to  U.  S. 
A.  for  treatment. 

Home,  Reuben  B.,  Private,  Edison,  Ga. 
Transferred  from  84th  division  to  30th  di- 
vision, assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, November,  1918. 

Horton,  Joseph  H.,  Cook,  Creedmoor, 
N.  C. 

Houch,  Charles  E.,  Cook,  Jefferson,  N. 
C.  Transferred  to  Bo.  company,  105th  M. 
P.,  March  10,  1918. 

Howell,  Walter  L.,  Private,  Beaver  Creek, 
N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  division 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  as- 
signed to  company  E,  120th  infantry,  Octo- 
ber, 1917.  Wounded  in  battle  of  Belli- 
court, September  29,  1918,  returned  to  U. 
S.  A.  for  treatment. 

Hughes,  Brown,  Private,  Valley,  N.  C. 
Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917. 

Hughes,  David,  Private,  Valley,  N.  C. 
Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917. 

Ingold,  Connie  S.,  Private,  address  not 
known.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company 
E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917.  Trans- 
ferred to  Bakery  company,  No.  308,  April 
15,  1918. 

Jarboe,  Joseph  P.,  Private,  McQuady, 
Ky.  Transferred  from  84th  division, 
Camp  Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division,  Camp 
Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  March  29.  1918. 

Johnson,  Virdie  R.,  Private,  Irvington, 
Ky.      Transferred      from      84th      division, 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


53 


JAMES  ROLAND  CARRINGTON 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  L,  322nd  Infantry, 
$lst  Division.  Born  December  16,  1895. 
Son  of  J.  L.  Carrington.  Entered  service 
May  24,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Went  overseas  July  31,  1918.  Honorably 
discharged   July  1,   1919. 


WOODY  T.  CHAMBERS 
Stem,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  E,  120th  Infantry, 
30th  Division.  Born  September  21,  1895. 
Son  of  Sam  Chambers.  Entered  service 
October  4,  1917,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Went  overseas  May  12,  1918.  Honorably 
discharged  April  18,  1919. 


JESSE  BURRELL  CARROLL 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  1st  class,  Company  H,  56th 
Pioneer  Infantry.  Born  March  29,  1897. 
Son  of  C.  A.  and  Charlotte  Carroll.  En- 
tered service  August  9,  1918,  at  Camp 
Wadsworth,  S.  C.  Went  overseas  Septem- 
ber 4,  1918.  Honorably  discharged  July 
6,   1919. 


RUFUS  E.  CHANDLER 
Virgilina,  Va. 
First  Sergeant,  Company  B,  306th  En- 
gineers, 81st  Division.  Born  January  18, 
1894.  Son  of  James  P.  Chandler.  En- 
tered service  November  19,  1917,  at  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C.  Overseas  July  31,  1918. 
Honorably    discharged   June   20,   1919. 


54 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


to  30th  division,  Camp  Taylor,  Ky.,  as- 
signed to  company  E,  120th  infantry, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  March  29,  1918.  Kill- 
ed in  action  October  18,  1918. 

Jones,  Charles  F.,  Corporal,  Nashville, 
Tenn.  Transferred  from  battery  C,  114th 
F.  A.,  March,  1918,  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry. 

Jones,  Charles  F.,  Corporal,  Meringo, 
Ind.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry. 

Jones,  Horace,  Corporal,  Bristol,  Tenn. 
Transferred  from  55th  depot  brigade  to 
company  E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 
Wounded  in  battle  of  Bellicourt  September 
29,  1918,  returned  to  duty  December,  1918. 

Jones,  Willie  T.,  Private,  Youngsville, 
N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  Greenville,  S.  C,  assigned  to 
company  E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 
Wounded  in  battle  of  Bellicourt  Septem- 
ber 29,  1918,  returned  to  U.  S.  A.  for  treat- 
ment. 

Jordan,  Oscar,  Private,  Cobern,  Va. 
Transferred  from  55th  depot  brigade  to 
company  E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 
Wounded  in  action  October  12,  1918,  re- 
turned to  U.  S.  A.  for  treatment. 

Karschner,  Thomas  W.,  Private,  address 
not  known.  Transferred  from  83rd  divis- 
ion to  30th  division,  assigned  to  company 
E,  120th  infantry,  November,  1918. 

Keener,  Charlie  T.,  Private,  Lincolnton, 
N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company 
E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1918. 

Keith,  Irvin  J.,  Private,  Roaring  Springs, 
Pa.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  November,  1918. 

Kephert,  Joseph  H.,  Private,  Grand  View, 
N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  October,  1917,  assign- 


ed to  company  E,  120th  infantry,  October, 
1917.  Wounded  in  battle  of  Bellicourt 
September  29,  1918,  transferred  to  U.  S. 
A.  for  treatment. 

Ketchem,  James,  Private,  Bristol,  Tenn. 
Transferred  from  55th  depot  brigade  to 
company  E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 
Killed  in  battle  of  Bellicourt  September 
29,  1918. 

King,  Carl  C,  Corporal,  Indianapolis, 
Ind.  Transferred  from  84th  division, 
Camp  Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division,  Camp 
Sevier,  S.  C,  March  29,  1918.  Wounded 
in  battle  of  Bellicourt  September  29,  1918, 
returned  to  U.  S.  A.  for  treatment. 

Kirkland,  Olea  F.,  Private,  Mist,  Ark. 
Transferred  from  83rd  division  to  30th  di- 
vision, assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, November,  1918. 

Kistler,  Burgin  S.,  Private,  Keepsville, 
N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company 
E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 

Knoland,  John  C,  Private,  Jeffersonville, 
Ind.  Transferred  from  83rd  division, 
Camp  Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division.  Camp 
Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  March  29,  1918. 

Kothera,  Joseph  E.,  Private,  Cleveland, 
Ohio. 

LaGrave,  Roy  L.,  Private,  Chateaugay, 
N.  Y.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E, 
120th  infantry,  November,  1918. 

Lane,  Bealer  F.,  Private,  Boone,  N.  C. 
Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917. 

Lanham,  Charles  F.,  Private,  Taswell, 
Ind.  Transferred  from  84th  division, 
Camp  Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division,  Camp 
Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  March  29,  1918.  Wounded  in  bat- 
tle of  Bellicourt  September  29,  1918,  re- 
turned to  U.  S.  A. 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


55 


GLAUDDIE  M.  CHAPPELL 
Creedmoor,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  L,  322nd  Infantry, 
81st  Division.  Born  at  Creedmoor,  N.  C. 
Son  of  G.  W.  C'happell.  Entered  service 
May  24,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Overseas   ten   months. 


JESSE  IRVIN  CLEMENT 
R.  F.  D.  1,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Corporal,  Company  G,  322nd  Infantry, 
81st  Division.  Born  November  14,  1888. 
Son  of  Thomas  D.  and  Mary  E.  Clement. 
Entered  service  September  5,  1917,  at 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Went  overseas 
July  18,  1918.     Wounded  in  France. 


GEORGE  WASHINGTON  CLARK 
R.  F.  D.  5,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Cook,  Company  B,  306th  Ammunition 
Train,  81st  Division.  Born  April  13,  1891. 
Son  of  Alexander  Clark.  Entered  service 
November  12,  1917,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S. 
C.  Went  overseas  August  8,  1918.  Hon- 
orably  discharged   June   26,   1919. 


ELLIOTT  TUNSTALL  COOPER 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Second  Lieutenant,  Infantry.  Born 
March  4,  1897.  Son  of  Henry  George 
Cooper.  Entered  service  April  4,  1918,  at 
Camp  Sevier.  Transferred  Central  Offi- 
cers' Training  School,  Camp  Gordon,  Ga. 
Promoted  to  Second  Lieutenant  September 
5,  1918.  Honorablv  discharged  December  2, 
1918. 


56 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


Laswell,  John  E.,  Private,  Marysville, 
Ind.  Transferred  from  84th  division, 
Camp  Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division.  Camp 
Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  March  29,  1918.  Wounded  in 
battle  of  Bellicourt  September  29,  1918, 
returned  to  U.  S.  A. 

Liles,  George,  Private,  Coalfield,  Tenn. 
Transferred  from  55th  depot  brigade  to 
company  E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 

Liles,  Hobart,  Corporal,  Coalfield,  Tenn. 
Transferred  from  55th  depot  brigade  to 
company  E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 
Wounded  in  battle  of  Bellicourt  September 
29,  1918,  returned  to  U.  S.  A. 

Linaburg,  John  E.,  Private,  Marboro, 
Va.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E, 
120th  infantry,  November,  1918. 

Locklier,  George  S.,  Private,  Youngsville, 
N.  C.  Transferred  from  supply  company, 
120th  infantry,  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, March  10,  1918.  Transferred  from 
company  E  to  base  hospital,  Camp  Sevier, 
S.  C,  May  1,  1918. 

Lovett,  Pearl,  Private,  Randleman,  N.  C. 
Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917.  Wounded  in  bat- 
tle of  Bellicourt  September  29,  1918,  re- 
turned to  duty  December,  1918. 

Loyd,  Garland,  Private,  Mayesville,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917.  Wounded  in  bat- 
tle of  Bellicourt  September  29,  1918,  re- 
turned to  U.  S.  A. 

Lumpkin,  Kennith  T.,  Corporal,  Hope- 
well, Va.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company 
E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917.  Wound- 
ed in  battle  of  Bellicourt,  September  29, 
1918,  returned  to  duty  December  6,   1918. 


Lunsford,  James  E.,  Private,  Elk  Park, 
N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp 
Sevier,  S.  C,  October,  1917.  Wounded  in 
battle  of  Bellicourt  September  29,  1918,  re- 
turned to  U.  S.  A. 

Lykins,  John.  Bugler,  Petersville,  Ky. 
Transferred  from  84th  division,  Camp 
Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  March  27,  1918.  Wounded  in  bat- 
tle of  Bellicourt  September  29,  1918,  never 
returned  to  duty. 

Lyons,  James,  Private,  Bluff  City,  Tenn. 
Transferred  from  55th  depot  brigade  to 
company  E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 
Admitted  to  S.  O.  S.  hospital  December, 
1918.     Never  returned  to  duty. 

Macy,  Benjamin  F.,  Private,  Hardins- 
burg,  Ky.  Transferred  from  84th  division 
Camp  Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division,  Camp 
Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  March  29,  1918.  Wounded  in  bat- 
tle of  Bellicourt  September  29,  1918,  return- 
ed to  duty  December  12,  1918. 

Mahala,  President  L.,  Private,  Ashland, 
N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E, 
120th  infantry,  October,  1917.  Wounded  in 
battle  of  Bellicourt  September  29,  1918. 
Never  returned  to  duty. 

Manuel,  Edward,  Private,  Seymour,  Ind. 
Transferred  from  84th  division,  Camp 
Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  March  29,  1918.  Wounded  in  bat- 
tle of  Bellicourt  September  29,  1918,  never 
returned  to  duty. 

Manuel,  Jason,  Private,  Seymour,  Ind. 
Transferred  from  84th  division,  Camp 
Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  March  29,  1918.  Wounded  in  bat- 
tle of  Bellicourt  September  29,  1918,  re- 
turned to  duty  November  15,  1918. 

Markowski,  Theodore,  Private,  Hartford, 
Miss.       Transferred      from     83d     division 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


57 


CHRISTOPHER  E.  CORE 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  1st  class,  Company  H,  56th  Pio- 
neer Infantry,  Third  Army  Headquar- 
ters Troops.  Born  June  27,  1896.  Son  of 
C.  M.  Core.  Entered  service  August  9, 
1918,  at  Camp  Wadsworth,  S.  C.  Went 
overseas  September  4,  1918.  Honorably 
discharged   July   6,   1919. 


EDDIE  B.  COZART 
Stem,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  C,  119th  Infantry, 
30th  Division.  Born  in  Granville  County. 
Son  of  B.  C.  and  Adline  Cozart.  Entered 
service  March  20,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson, 
S.  C.  Went  overseas  June  18,  1918. 
Honorably   discharged   February   19,   1919. 


WILLIE  GREEN  COTTRELL 
R.  F.  D.  5,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  E,  132nd  Infantry, 
81st  Division.  Born  August  6,  1887.  Son 
of  D.  T.  Cottrell.  Entered  service  Sep- 
tember 18,  1917,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Overseas  ten  months.  Honorably  discharg- 
ed June   25,   1919. 


ROBERT  T.  COZART 
Stem,  N.  C. 
Private,  Headquarters  Company,  151st 
Field  Artillery,  42nd  Division.  Born  April 
8,  1896.  Son  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  E.  B.  Co- 
zart. Entered  service  May  24,  1918,  at 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Went  overseas  Au- 
gust 22,  1918.  Honorably  discharged  May 
13,  1919. 


58 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


to     30th     division,     assigned  to  company 
E,  120th  infantry,  November,  1918. 

Marshall,  Garey  M.,  Private,  Phillips- 
burg,  Mo.  Transferred  from  84th  division 
to  30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E, 
120th  infantry,  December,  1918. 

Martin,  James  R.,  Private,  Raleigh,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Sevier,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917.  Wounded  in  bat- 
tle of  Bellicourt,  September  29,  1918,  re- 
turned to  duty  November,   1918. 

Martin,  Lee,  Private,  Coalfield,  Tenn. 
Transferred  from  55th  depot  brigade  to 
company  E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 
Transferred  to  hospital,  never  returned  to 
duty. 

Mash,  Vonley,  Private,  Reyno,  N.  C. 
Transferred  from  81st  division,  to  30th 
division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, Camp  Sevier,  S.  C.  Wounded  in 
battle  of  Bellicourt  September  29,  1918,  re- 
turned to  U.  S.  A. 

Mason,  Joseph  E.,  Private,  Moorsburg, 
Tenn.  Transferred  from  55th  depot  bri- 
gade to  company  E,  120th  infantry,  Octo- 
ber, 1917.  Wounded  in  battle  of  Belli- 
court, September  29,  1918,  returned  to  U. 
S.  A. 

Matthews,  Howard  Q.,  Private,  Ain, 
Ark.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  December,  1918. 

Matthews,  James  E.,  1st  Sergt.,  Oxford, 
N.  C. 

Matthews,  John,  Private,  Johnson  City, 
Tenn.  Transferred  from  55th  depot  bri- 
gade to  company  E,  120th  infantry,  Octo- 
ber, 1917.  Wounded  in  battle  of  Belli- 
court September  29,  1918,  returned  to  duty 
November  25,   1918. 

Matthews,  Wheeler,  Private,  Johnson 
City,  Tenn.  Discharged  at  Camp  Sevier, 
S.  C,  February  28,  1918. 


Matthews,  William  H.,  Corporal,  Lilling- 
ton,  N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  divis- 
ion, Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917. 

Matthews,  Willie  G.,  Sergt.,  Oxford,  N. 
C.  Wounded  in  battle  of  Bellicourt  Sep- 
tember 29,  1918,  returned  to  duty  Novem- 
ber 24,  1918. 

Massey,  Lorinzo  D.,  Private,  Newton 
Grove,  N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  di- 
vision, Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  divis- 
ion, Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  com- 
pany E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 
Wounded  in  battle  of  Bellicourt  September 
29,  1918,  returned  to  duty  December  12, 
1918. 

Merlino,  Francisco,  Private,  Bronx,  N. 
Y.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  November,   1918. 

Michael,  Michael  C,  Private,  Nieuport, 
R.  I.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  December,  1918. 

Miller,  Charlie,  Private,  Wagoner,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917.  Admitted  to  S. 
O.  S.  hospital  December  15,  never  return- 
ed to  duty. 

Miller,  Coy,  Private,  Laurel  Springs,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917.  Wounded  in  bat- 
tle of  Bellicourt  September  29,  1918,  re- 
turned to  U.  S.  A. 

Miller  Earl,  Private,  West  Jefferson,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  province  battalion, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  April  25,  1918. 

Miller,  Ernest  F.,  Private,  Wagoner,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division.  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier,  S.   C,   October,    1917.     Wounded     in 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


59 


LEWIS  A.  CREWS 
R.  F.  D.  6,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Sergeant,  Company  F,  319th  Reg.  Snip- 
ers, 2nd  Battalion,  80th  Division.  Born  in 
Granville  County.  Son  of  James  A.  Crews. 
Entered  service  March  28,  1918,  at  Camp 
Lee,  Va.  Went  overseas  May  25,  1918. 
Promoted  to  Sergeant  July  28,  1918. 
Wounded  in  Meuse  Argonne  offensive,  Oc- 
tober 4,  1918.  Honorably  discharged  June 
9,  1919. 


WILLIAM  B.  CREWS 
R.  F.  D.  6,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  1st  class.  Headquarters  Com- 
pany, 322nd  Infantry,  81st  Division.  Born 
in  Granville  County.  Son  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
James  A.  Crews.  Entered  service  Sep- 
tember 5,  1917,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Went  overseas  July  31,  1918.  Honorably 
discharged    June    25,    1919. 


ERNEST  J.  CRITCHER 
Stovall,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  H,  1st  Provisional 
Regiment,  156th  Depot  Brigade,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C.  Born  in  Durham  County. 
Son  of  W.  C.  Critcher.  Entered  service 
May  24,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackon,  S.  C. 
Honorably    discharged    December    7,    1918. 


WILLIAM   O.   CULBRETH 

Stovall,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  I,  322nd  Infantry, 
31st  Division.  Born  September  4,  1891. 
Son  of  John  R.  Culbreth.  Entered  service 
September  18,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S. 
C.  Honorably  discharged  February  11, 
1919. 


60 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


battle  of  Bellicourt  September  29,  1918,  re- 
turned to  U.  S.  A. 

Miller,  Vance,  Private,  West  Jefferson, 
N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company 
E,  120th  infantry,  transferred  to  base  hos- 
pital, Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  May  1,  1918. 

Mitchell,  Robert  E.  L.,  Private,  Bristol, 
Tenn.  Transferred  from  55th  depot  bri- 
gade to  company  E,  120th  infantry,  Octo- 
ber, 1917. 

Monroe,  John  H.,  Private,  Concord,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917. 

Moore,  Henry  C,  Corporal,  Carlisle,  Ky. 
Transferred  from  84th  division,  Camp  Tay- 
lor, Ky.,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Sevier,  S. 
C.  assigned  to  company  E,  120th  infan- 
try, March  29,  1918.  Wounded  in  battle 
of  Bellicourt  September  29,  1918,  returned 
to  U.  S.  A. 

Morrell,  Thomas  J.,  Private,  Millers  Fer- 
ry, Fla.  Transferred  from  83rd  division 
to  30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E, 
120th  infantry,   November,   1918. 

Morton,  Walter  L.,  Private,  Oakboro,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917.  Wounded  in 
Ypres  sector,  Belgium,  August  5,  1918,  re- 
turned to  U.  S.  A. 

Moser,  Cline  C,  Bugler,  Carrboro,  N.  C. 
Transferred  to  headquarters  company, 
120th  infantry,  April  21,  1918. 

Mullis,  John  E.,  Private,  Berlin,  N.  C. 
Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E.  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917. 

McCarroll,  Charlie  O.,  Private,  Kingston, 
Tenn.  Transferred  from  55th  depot  bri- 
gade to  company  E,  120th  infantry,  Octo- 
ber, 1917. 


McCarter,  John  C,  Private,  Chattanooga, 
Tenn.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  December,  1918. 

McCullen,  Odie,  Private,  Newton  Grove, 
N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  October  1917,  assign- 
ed to  company  E,  120th  infantry,  October, 
1917.  Wounded  in  battle  of  Bellicourt 
September  29,  1918,  returned  to  U.  S.  A. 

McDaniel,  William  R.,  Private,  Cincin- 
nati, Ohio.  Transferred  from  84th  divis- 
ion, Camp  Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company 
E,  120th  infantry,  March  29,  1918. 

McGhee,  Goldie,  Private,  Raleigh,  N.  C. 
Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  April  15,  1918. 

McGill,  Dan,  Private,  Sideway,  Ky. 
Transferred  from  84th  division,  Camp 
Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division.  Camp  Sevier, 
S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, March  29,  1918.  Wounded  in  bat- 
tle of  Bellicourt  September  29,  1918,  re- 
turned to  duty  December,  1918. 

McKinney,  Frank,  Private,  N.  C.  Trans- 
ferred from  81st  division,  Camp  Jackson, 
S.  C,  to  30th  division.  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C, 
assigned  to  company  E,  120th  infantry, 
October.  1917.  Transferred  to  headquar- 
ters company,  120th  infantry,  March  21, 
1918. 

McLeod,  Halbert  H.,  Corporal,  Lauren- 
burg,  N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  divis- 
ion, Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company 
E,  120th  infantry,  April  15,  1918. 

McMonigle,  Harry  S.,  Corporal,  Burns- 
ville,  S.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  divis- 
ion, Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company 
E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917.  Killed  in 
battle  of  Bellicourt  September  29,  1918, 
buried  near  same  place. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


61 


BENJAMIN  A  CURRIN 
Virgilina,  Va. 
Mechanic,  Company  L,  322nd  Infantry, 
81st  Division.  Born  September  3,  1888. 
Son  of  Ralph  Currin.  Entered  service  Sep- 
tember 19,  1917,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Went  overseas  August  31,  1918.  Honor- 
ably discharged  June   25,   1919. 


SIDNEY  T.  CURRIN 
R.  F.  D.  6,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Wagoner,  Battery  C,  45th  Artillery,  C. 
A.  C.  Born  January  21,  1900.  Son  of 
Titus  G.  and  Mary  B.  Currin.  Entered 
service  July  1,  1918,  at  Fort  Thomas,  Ky. 
Promoted  to  Wagoner  September  3,  1918. 
Went  overseas  October  1,  1918.  Honor- 
ably discharged  February  22,  1919. 


OLIVER  L.  CURRIN 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Battery  D,  Third  Regiment, 
Field  Artillery.  Born  December  14,  1896. 
Son  of  0.  C.  Currin.  Entered  service  Au- 
gust 26,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Honorably   discharged    December    19,    1918. 


W.  MADISON  CURRIN 
R.  F.  D.  7,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Corporal,  322nd  Infantry,  Sanitary 
Training  Detachment,  81st  Division.  Born 
in  1893.  Son  of  J.  M.  Currin.  Entered 
service  October  19,  1917,  at  Camp  Jack- 
son, S.  C.  Honorably  discharged  Febru- 
ary 2,   1919. 


62 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


Nash,  Edmund  Q.,  Private,  Sparta,  Mich. 
Transferred  from  83rd  division  to  30th  di- 
vision, assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, December,  1918. 

Neeley,  Robert  M.,  Corporal,  Brevard, 
N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company 
E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 

Neil],  Robert  W.,  Private,  Lancaster,  S. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  April  26,  1918.  Killed  in  battle 
of  Bellicourt  September  29,  1918,  buried 
near  same  place. 

Newton,  Vessie  C,  Corporal,  Eckerty, 
Ind.  Transferred  from  84th  division, 
Camp  Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division,  Camp 
Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  March  29,  1918. 

Norwood,  Walter  M.,  Private,  Banners 
Elk,  N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company 
E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 

Nutt,  Ruben  E.,  Private,  Franklin,  Ga. 
Transferred  from  83rd  division  to  30th  di- 
vision, assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, December,  1918. 

Nutt,  William  J.,  Private,  Madilla,  Ga. 
Transferred  from  83rd  division,  to  30th 
division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, December,  1918. 

Oakley,  Thomas  L.,  Private,  Oxford,  N. 
C.  Killed  in  action  October  12,  1918,  near 
Mazenheim,  France,  buried  near  same 
place. 

Odom,  Joseph  B.,  Corporal,  Mount  Olive, 
N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company 
E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917.  Wound- 
ed in  battle  of  Bellicourt  September  29, 
returned  to  U.  S.  A. 

O'Neal,  Wiley  F.,  Private,  Neuse,  N.  C. 
Transferred  from     81st     division,     Camp 


Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  April  26,  1918. 

Osborne,  Brack,  Private,  Hemlock,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917. 

Osborne,  John,  Private,  Smithport,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917. 

Owen,  Robert,  Private,  Stovall,  N.  C. 
Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, Greenville,  S.  C,  assigned  to  com- 
pany E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917.  Dis- 
charged at  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  February 
9,  1918. 

Parham,  Albert  H.,  Sergt.,  Oxford,  N. 
C. 

Parish,  Millard  T.,  Private,  Smithfield, 
N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company 
E,  120th  infantry,  April  26,  1918.  Killed 
in  action  at  Ypres,  June  16,  1918. 

Parlier,  Cloid  H.,  Private,  Darkridge,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division  to  30th 
division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, October,  1917. 

Parlier,  William  W.,  Private,  Heaton,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917. 

Partin,  James  A.,  Private,  Address  not 
known.  Transferred  to  company  B,  105th 
M.  P.,  February  9,  1918. 

Payne,  Tead  G.,  Private,  Mount  Vernon, 
Ky.  Transferred  from  83rd  division. 
Camp  Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division,  Camp 
Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  March  29,  1918. 

Pedd,  Jack  J.,  Private,  Creedmoor,  N. 
C.     Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


63 


JAMES  ERNEST  DANIEL 
R.  F.  D.  5,  Henderson,  N.  C. 
Private,  317th  Machine  Gun  Company, 
81st  Division.  Born  February  23,  1889. 
Son  of  Henry  Madison  Daniel.  Entered 
service  October  4,  1917,  at  Camp  Jackson, 
S.  C.  Honorably  discharged  February  5, 
1919. 


ROBERT  GARLAND  DANIEL 
R.  F.  D.  1,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  C,  306th  Ammunition 
Train,  81st  Division.  Born  July  1,  1895. 
Son  of  John  T.  and  Rosa  Daniel.  Enter- 
ed service  October  15,  1917,  at  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C.  Went  overseas  July  10, 
1918.     Honorably  discharged  June  20,  1919. 


SAMUEL  WHARTON  DANIEL 
R.  F.  D.  1,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Sergeant,  Base  Hospital  No.  65,  Ker- 
huon,  France.  Born  June  18,  1897.  Son 
of  J.  Luther  and  Mary  E.  Daniel.  Enter- 
ed service  April  15,  1918,  at  Fort  Mc- 
Pherson,  Ga.  Went  overseas  August  28, 
1918. 


CRAWFORD  W.  DAVIS 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  20th  Trench  Mortar  Battery, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Born  July  19,  1896. 
Son  of  J.  W.  Davis.  Entered  service  Au- 
gust 26,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Honorably    discharged    January    22,    1919. 


64 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917. 

Peed,  Burnice,  Private,  Creedmoor,  N. 
C.  Wounded  in  battle  of  Bellicourt  Sep- 
tember 29,  1918,  returned  to  U.  S.  A. 

Pennington,  David  J.,  Private,  West 
Jefferson,  N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st 
division,  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  di- 
vision, Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to 
company  E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 
Transferred  to  base  hospital,  Camp  Sevier, 
S.  C,  May  1,  1918. 

Pennington,     Davis,     Private,     Laurel 
Springs,  N.  C.     Transferred  from  81st  di- 
vision to  30th  division,  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C, 
assigned  to  company    E,    120th    infantry, 
October,  1917. 

Pennington,  Kirby  S.,  Private,  Hemlock, 
N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  O,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company 
E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917.  Wound- 
ed in  battle  of  Bellicourt  September  29, 
1918,  returned  to  duty  November,  1918. 

Pennington,  Sol.,  Private,  West  Jeffer- 
son, N.  C.  Deserted  at  Camp  Sevier,  S. 
C,  February  9,  1918. 

Perry,  Harrison,  Private,  Park,  Va. 
Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  O,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October  19,  1917. 

Perry,  James  E.,  Private,  Address  not 
known.  Discharged  at  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C, 
February  9,  1918. 

Perry,  Monroe,  Private,  Park,  Va. 
Transferred  from  55th  depot  brigade  to 
company  E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 

Perry  Sam  L.,  Private,  Chicowie,  Va. 
Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  O,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917.  Wounded  in  bat- 
tle of  Bellicourt  September  29,  1918,  never 
returned  to  duty. 


Peterson,  Edwin,  Sergt.,  Ingold,  N.  C, 
Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  O,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917. 

Pope,  Amon,  Private,  Asheland,  N.  C. 
Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  October,  1917. 

Powers,  Solomon  E.  R.,  Private,  Stur- 
gills,  N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  division 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company 
E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 

Pullium,    Lennie  T.,    Private,    Roxboror 

N.  C. 

Presnel,  Bernard  E.,  Private,  Munsey, 
Ind.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  December,  1918. 

Price,  Eirby  J.,  Private,  Orange,  Texas. 
Transferred  from  83rd  division  to  30th  di- 
vision, assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, December,  1918. 

Price,  Gus  A.,  Private,  Newton,  N.  C. 
Transferred  from  81st  division  to  30th  di- 
vision, Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry  October,  1917.  Transferred  to 
headquarters  company,  120th  infantry,  Sep- 
tember, 1918. 

Price,  Henry  M.,  Private,  Johnson  City, 
Tenn.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  O,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company 
E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 

Rackley,  Henry  B.,  Mechanic,  Clifton,. 
N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E, 
120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 

Ragan,  Charlie  L.,  Private,  Mount 
Olive,  N.  C.  Wounded  in  battle  of  Belli- 
court September  29,  1918,  returned  to  U. 
S.  A. 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


65 


IRVIN  S.  DAVIS 
R.  F.  D.  2,  Creedmoor,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  L,  Infantry,  81st  Di- 
vision. Born  May  2,  1895.  Son  of  James 
M.  and  Jennie  F.  Davis.  Entered  service 
May  24,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Went  overseas  August  2,  1918.  Honorably 
discharged   June   25,   1919. 


ALFRED  B.  DEAN 
R.  F.  D.  4,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  L,  322nd  Infantry, 
81st  Division.  Born  in  Granville  County. 
Son  of  B.  F.  Dean.  Entered  service  May 
25,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Went 
overseas  July  31,  1918.  Promoted  to  pri- 
vate, 1st  class,  January  1,  1919.  Honor- 
ably  discharged   June   25,   1919. 


LUTHER  DAVIS 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Sei-geant,  Depot  Company,  First  Corps, 
Artillery  Park.  Born  November  22,  1891. 
Son  of  J.  C.  Davis.  Entered  service  April 
1,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Went  ov- 
erseas May  15,  1918.  Wounded  at  Cha- 
teau Thierry,  France,  July  30,  1918.  Hon- 
orably  discharged   February   10,   1919. 


NORMAN  B.  DEMENT 
R.  F.  D.  5,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Corporal,  Company  D,  321st  Infantry, 
81st  Division.  Born  March  1,  1893.  Son 
of  L.  H.  Dement.  Entered  service  Novem- 
ber 19,  1917,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Went 
overseas  July  31,  1918.  Promoted  to  Cor- 
poral   October   25,    1918. 


66 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


Reeves,  Bower  C,  Private,  Gale,  N.  C. 
Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917. 

Renfrow,  James  R.,  Private,  Kenly,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917. 

Richardson,  George  C,  Private,  Clifton, 
N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company 
E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917.  Wound- 
ed in  battle  of  Bellicourt  September  29. 
1918,  returned  to  U.  S.  A. 

Rierson,  Halver  C,  Private,  Ruthven, 
Iowa.  Transferred  from  83rd  division,  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  December,  1918. 

Robards.  William  C,  Sergt.,  Oxford,  N. 
C. 

Roberts,  Earl  C,  Sergt.,  Rougemont,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division  to  30th 
division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, October,  1917. 

Robinson,  Cornelius  P.,  Private,  Chicago, 
111.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to  30th 
division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, November,  1918. 

Roe,  Johnnie,  Private,  Chei*okee,  S.  C. 
Transferred  from  83rd  division  to  30th  di- 
vision, assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, November,  1918. 

Rogers,  John  R.,  Private,  Sylvia,  N.  C. 
Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917. 

Rose,  Claudius  N.,  Private,  address  not 
known.  Transferred  to  113th  machine  gun 
battalion  March  25,  1918. 

Rush,  James  C,  Private,  Green  Grove, 
Ky.  Transferred  from  84th  division, 
Camp  Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division.  Camp 


Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  March  29,  1918.  Killed  in  action 
September  29,  1918,  at  battle  of  Bellicourt. 
Sales,  Silas  H.,  Private,  Ellijoy,  Ga. 
Transferred  from  81st  division  to  30th  di- 
vision, Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to 
company  E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 
Wounded  in  action  October  12,  1918. 

Sanders,  Arthur  I.,  Corporal,  New  Hope 
Academy,  N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st 
division,  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  di- 
vision, Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to 
company  E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 

Sasser,  Walter  G.,  Private,  Hope  Mills, 
N.  C.  Deserted  at  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C, 
January  21,  1918. 

Shepherd,  Joseph  P.  Private,  Gibson- 
ville,  N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  divis- 
ion, Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company 
E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917.  Wound- 
ed at  battle  of  Bellicourt  September  29, 
1918,  returned  to  duty  December  15,  1918. 

Slagle,  Claude,  Private,  Bristol,  Va. 
Transferred  from  55th  depot  brigade  to 
company  E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 

Slagle,    Frank,     Private,      Bristol,      Va. 
Transferred  from     55th     depot  brigade  to 
company  E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 
Killed  in  action  at     battle  of     Bellicourt 
September  29,  1918,  buried  near  same  place. 

Smith,  Louis,  Private,  Taccoa,  Ga. 
Transferred  from  83rd  division  to  30th  di- 
vision, assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, December,  1918. 

Smith,  Shelby.  Private,  Saltillo,  Miss. 
Transferred  from  83rd  division  to  30th  di- 
vision, assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, November,  1918. 

Smith  Walter  V.,  Private,  Talo.  111. 
Transferred  from  83rd  division  to  30th  di- 
vision, assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, December,  1918. 

Smitherson,  Walter  L.,  Private,  Little 
Lot,  Tenn.  Transferred  from  83rd  divis- 
ion to  30th  division,  assigned  to  company 
E,  120th  infantry,  November,  1918. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


67 


CONNIE  H.  DUKE 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  1st  class,  Company  M,  90th  In- 
fantry, 20th  Dvision.'  Born  in  1893.  Son 
of  G.  W.  Duke.  Entered  service  May  16, 
1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Transferred 
to  Camp  Greene,  N.  C.  Honorably  dis- 
charged   March   9,    1919. 


JOHN  C.  ELEXSON 
R.  F.  D.  1,  Moriah,  N.  C. 
Private,  1st  class,  Company  L,  322nd 
Infantry,  81st  Division.  Born  December 
11,  1886.  Son  of  W.  S.  Elexson.  Entered 
service  May  25,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S. 
C.  Overseas  ten  months.  Honorably  dis- 
charged  June   26,    1919. 


ERNEST  0.  EAKES 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Cook,  Company  E,  120th  Infantry,  30th 
Division.  Born  September  3,  1895.  Son  of 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  W.  T.  Eakes.  Entered  ser- 
vice October  4,  1917,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S. 
C.  Promoted  to  rank  of  cook  November 
15,  1917.  Overseas  May  12,  1918.  Hon- 
orably  discharged   April   18,   1919. 


ERNEST  W.  EVANS 
R.  F.  D.  4,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  1st  class,  Company  B,  89th  In- 
fantry, 20th  Division.  Born  March  12, 
1895.  Son  of  Sam  Evans.  Entered  service 
November  19,  1917.  Honorably  discharged 
April  24,  1919. 


68 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


Sorrell,  Thomas  D.,  Private,  Diarsburg, 
Tenn.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  November,  1918. 

Speer,  Loyd  0.,  Private,  Medora,  Ind. 
Transferred  from  84th  division,  Camp 
Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Sevier, 
S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th  infan- 
try, March  29,  1918. 

Sports,  Kendrick  I.,  Private,  Odom,  Ga. 
Transferred  from  83rd  division  to  30th  di- 
vision, assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, December,  1918. 

Staley,  Charles  C,  Corporal,  Richmond, 
Va. 

Staly,  William  M.,  Corporal,  Hegira,  Ky. 
Transferred  from  84th  division,  Camp 
Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Sevier, 
S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, March  29,  1918.  Killed  at  battle  of 
Bellicourt  September  29,  1918,  buried  near 
same  place. 

Stanford,  William  D.,  Private,  Lucedale, 
Miss.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  November,  1918. 

Stegall,  Clifford,  Private,  Kingston, 
Tenn.  Transferred  from  55th  depot  bri- 
gade to  company  E,  120th  infantry,  Octo- 
ber, 1917.  Transferred  to  hospital  at  Hali- 
fax, N.  S.,  May  14,  1918. 

Stephens,  Waymon  W.,  Private,  Pellville, 
Ky.  Transferred  from  84th  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  March  29,  1918.  Wounded  in  ac- 
tion September  29,  1918,  returned  to  U.  S. 

Stewart,  Hector  N.,  Private,  address  not 
known.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C.  Discharged  at  Camp 
Sevier,  S.  C,  February  9,  1918. 

Stone,  Jesse  B.,  Private,  Lake  Park,  Ga. 
Transferred  from  83rd  division  to  30th 
division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, November,  1918. 

Swanson,  Roy  C,  Private,  Paxton,  111. 
Transferred  from  83rd  division  to  30th  di- 


vision, assigned  to  company  E,   120th  in- 
fantry, November,   1918. 

Swartz,  William  W.,  Private,  Mooley- 
ville,  Ky.  Transferred  from  84th  division, 
Camp  Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division,  Camp 
Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  March  29,  1918.  Wounded  in  ac- 
tion October  10,  1918,  returned  to  duty 
from  hospital  November,  26,  1918. 

Sweeton,  Charles,  Private,  Camden,  N. 
J.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to  30th 
division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, December,  1918. 

Tate,  Albert,  Private,  Wallace,  Va. 
Transferred  from  55th  depot  brigade,  as- 
signed to  company  E,  120th  infantry,  Oc- 
tober, 1917. 

Taylor,  Albert  H.,  Mess  Sergt.,  Oxford, 
N.  C. 

Taylor,  Arthur  I.,  Private,  Rising  City, 
Neb.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E, 
120th  infantry,  November,  1918. 

Taylor,  Emery  E.,  Private,  address  not 
known.  Transferred  from  84th  division 
to  30th  division.  Transferred  to  S.  D., 
120th  infantry,  April  16,  1918. 

Tanner,  Herman  W.,  Private,  Kankakee, 
111.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  November,  1918. 

Tedford,  John  H.,  Private,  Greenwood, 
Ark.  Transferred  from  83rd  division,  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  November,  1918. 

Thacker,  Thomas  F.,  Private,  Riderwood, 
Ala.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  November,  1918. 

Thompson,  Alex  M.,  Private,  Taxiey,  Ala. 
Transferrd  from  83rd  division  to  30th 
division  November,  1918,  assigned  to  com- 
pany E,  120th  infantry. 

Thompson,  John  A.,  Corporal,  La  Crosse, 
Va.  Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


69 


HENRY  WESLEY  FARABOW 
Stem,  N.  C. 
Private,  Battery  F,  4th  Field  Artillery, 
R.  D.  Born  May  17,  1897.  Son  of  B.  F. 
Farabow.  Entered  service  August  26,  1918, 
at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Honorably  dis- 
charged   December    7,    1918. 


CHARLES    DAVISSON    HAYS    FORT 

Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  1st  class,  319th  Ambulance 
Company,  80th  Division.  Born  October 
1,  1893.  Son  of  Dr.  C.  D.  H.  and  Lucy  W. 
Fort.  Entered  service  September  5,  1917, 
at  Camp  Lee,  Va.  Went  overseas  May  25, 
1918.     Honorably  discharged  June  9,   1919. 


ROBERT  KENNON  FORT 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Corporal,  Machine  Gun  Company,  120th 
Infantry,  30th  Division.  Born  September 
11,  1897.  Son  of  Dr.  C.  D.  H.  and  Lucy 
W.  Fort.  Entered  service  April  24,  1917, 
at  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C.  Promoted  to  rank  of 
Corporal  August  15,  1918.  Went  overseas 
May  17,  1918.  Gassed  at  Vaux  Andigny, 
France,  October  11,  1918.  Honorably  dis- 
charged  April   17,   1919. 


IRA  L.  FOWLER 
Creedmoor,  N.  C. 
Corporal,  Company  E,  120th  Infantry, 
30th  Division.  Born  in  Granville  County. 
Son  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  M.  W.  Fowler.  Enter- 
ed service  October  5,  1917,  at  Camp  Sevier, 
S.  C.  Promoted  to  Corporal  December  1, 
1917.  Overseas  eleven  months.  Hon- 
orably  discharged   April   18,  1919. 


70 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


vier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917.  Wounded  in  bat- 
tle of  Bellicourt  September  29,  1918. 

Thorp,  Louis,  Jr.,  Sergt.,  Berea,  N.  C. 

Tillison,  Jahue,  Private,  Denim,  Va. 
Transferred  from  55th  depot  brigade  to 
company  E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 
Killed  at  battle  of  Bellicourt  September 
29,  1918,  buried  near  same  place. 

Trexler,  George  H.  A.,  Private,  Salis- 
bury, N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company 
E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917.  Gassed 
October  10,  1918,  returned  to  duty  No- 
vember, 1918. 

Tucker,  John  S.,  Private,  Big  Springs, 
Ky.  Transferred  from  84th  division,  Camp 
Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Sevier, 
S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th  infan- 
try, March  29,  1918. 

Tyrol,  George  A.,  Private,  Detroit, 
Mich.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  November,  1918. 

Ulmer,  Charles  F.,  Corporal,  Fort  Rit- 
ner,  Ind.  Transferred  from  84th  division, 
Camp  Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division,  Camp 
Sevier,  S.  C.  Gassed  September  29,  1918, 
assigned  to  company   E,   November,    1918. 

Vance,  Arthur  L.,  Private,  Bristol,  Tenn. 
Transferred  from  55th  depot  brigade  to 
company  E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 

Vittore,  Vito,  Private,  Bristol,  Tenn. 
Transferred  from  55th  depot  brigade  to 
company  E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 
Wounded  in  battle  of  Bellicourt  Septem- 
ber 29,  1918,  returned  to  U.  S.  A. 

Volz,  Charlie  H.,  Sergt.,  Petersburg,  Va. 
Wounded  in  battle  of  Bellicourt  Septem- 
ber 29,  1918,  returned  to  duty  December, 
1918. 

Wagner,  Eddie,  Private,  Glenn  Haven, 
N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917.     Wounded  in  bat- 


tle of  Bellicourt  September     29,  1918,  re- 
turned to  U.  S.  A. 

Wall,  James  H.,  Private,  Randleman,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917.  Killed  in  action  at 
Bellicourt  September  29,  1918,  buried  near 
same  place. 

Wallace,  John,  Private,  New  York,  Minn. 
Transferred  from  83rd  division  to  30th  di- 
vision, assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, November,   1918. 

Wallace,  William  Mc,  Private,  Othello, 
N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company 
E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 

Walling,  William  V.  B.,  Private,  Marion, 
Va.  Transferred  from  55th  depot  brigade 
to  company  E,  120th  infantry,  October, 
1917. 

Walters,  James  J.,  Sergt.,  Oxford,  N.  C. 

Warren,  Curtis  L.,  Sergt.,  Tampa,  Fla. 
Transferred  from  81st  division.  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  April  26,  1918. 

Watson,  John  C,  Corporal,  Jonesboro, 
N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E, 
120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 

Watson,  Robert,  Jr.,  Private,  Detroit, 
Mich.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E, 
120th  infantry  November,  1918. 

Watt,  Wilfred  T.,  Private,  Asheville, 
Pa.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  November,  1918. 

Webb,  Luther  M.,  Private,  Valley,  N.  C. 
Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


71 


JOHN  B.  FOWLER 
Creedmoor,  N.  C. 
Corporal,  Company  E,  120th  Infantry, 
30th  Division.  Born  in  Granville  County. 
Son  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  J.  B.  Fowler.  Enter- 
ed service  August  29,  1916,  at  Camp  Glenn, 
N.  C.  Promoted  to  Corporal  December 
15,  1918.  Cited  for  bravery  near  Belli- 
court,  France,  September  29,  1918.  Hon- 
orably discharged  April  18,  1919.  Award- 
ed  Distinguished   Service   Cross. 


EDWARD  YORK  FLOYD 
Hester,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  C,  Central  Officers' 
Training  School,  Camp  Gordon,  Ga.  Born 
October  4,  1897.  Son  of  H.  C.  Floyd.  En- 
tered service  October  1,  1918,  at  Camp 
Gordon,  Ga.  Honorably  discharged  De- 
cember  7,   1918. 


EDWARD  A.  FRANKLIN 
Stem,  N.  C. 
Private,  Headquarters  Company,  322nd 
Infantry,  81st  Division.  Born  November 
3,  1894.  '  Son  of  J.  G.  and  Alice  T.  Frank- 
lin. Entered  service  September  4,  1917, 
at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Honorably  dis- 
charged January  21,  1918,  account  physi- 
cal disability. 


JOHN  EARLY  FRAZIER 
R.  F.  D.  1,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Cook,  Base  Hospital,  Port  of  Embarka- 
tion, Newport  News,  Va.  Born  January 
7,  1895.  Son  of  Dock  C.  and  Callie  Fra- 
zier.  Entered  service  March  21,  1918,  at 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 


72 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


Webb,  Roy  H.,  Private,  Nevada,  Mo. 
Transferred  from  83rd  division  to  30th  di- 
vision, assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, November,   1918. 

Westbrook,  Cloud  L.,  Corporal,  Mount 
Olive,  N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  divis- 
ion, Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company 
E,   120th  infantry. 

Westbrook,  Ransom  H.,  Corporal,  Mount 
Olive,  N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  divis- 
ion, Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E, 
120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 

Wicks,  Arthur  L.,  Private,  Mebane,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  December,  1918. 

Wheatley,  Charlie  C,  Corporal,  Roaring 
River,  N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  divis- 
ion, assigned  to  company  E,  120th  infan- 
try, October,  1917. 

White,  Edward  I.,  Private,  Cannonburg, 
Pa.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  November,  1918. 

Wiggins,  Scutt,  Private,  Coalfield,  Tenn. 
Transferred  from  55th  depot  brigade  to 
company  E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 

Williams,  Fred,  Private,  Harriman,  Tenn. 
Transferred  from  55th  depot  brigade  to 
company  E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 
Wounded  in  battle  of  Bellicourt  Septem- 
ber 29,  1918.  returned  to  U.  S.  A. 

Williams,  James  R.,  Corporal,  Peytons- 
burg,  Ky.  Transferred  from  84th  divis- 
ion, Camp  Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company 
E,  120th  infantry,  March  29,  1918. 

Williams,  Quincy,  Corporal,  Hemlock, 
N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  diviison  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917. 

Williams,  Robert  L.,  Private,  Durham, 
N.  C. 

Williams,     Verner,     Private,     Labanon, 


Tenn.  Transferred  from  84th  division, 
Camp  Taylor,  Ky.,  to  30th  division,  Camp 
Sevier,  S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  March  29,  1918. 

Williford,  Charlie,  Private,  address  not 
known.  Discharged  at  Camp  Sevier,  S. 
C,  February  9,  1918. 

Williford,  William  R.,  Sergt.,  Oxford, 
N.  C.  Wounded  in  battle  of  Bellicourt 
September  29,  1918,  returned  to  U.  S.  A. 

Willis,  Abraham,  Private,  Henry,  N.  C. 
Transferred  from  81st  division  to  30th  di- 
vision, assigned  to  company  E,  120th  infan- 
try, October,  1917.  Wounded  in  action  Au- 
gust 14,  1918,  returned  to  U.  S.  A. 

Willis,  James  F.,  Private,  Milan,  Ga. 
Transferred  from  83rd  division  to  30th  di- 
vision, assigned  to  company  E,  120th  in- 
fantry, November,  1918. 

Wilson,  Leonidas  C,  Private,  address 
not  known.  Transferred  to  base  hospital 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  May  1,  1918. 

Wilson,  Wade  H.,  Sergt.,  Asheville,  N. 
C.  Transferred  to  corps  and  army  troops 
March  1,  1918. 

Wilson,  Ziba,  Private,  Mill  Springs,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division  to  30th 
division,  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  assigned  to 
company  E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 
Killed  at  battle  of  Bellicourt  September 
29,  1918. 

Womble,  Charlie  T.,  Corporal,  Carrboro, 
N.  C. 

Womble,  Exum,  Cook,  New  Hill,  N.  C. 
Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917. 

Wright,  Clifford,  Private,  Edmons,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917. 

Wright,  Luke  G.,  Private,  address  not 
known.  Discharged  at  Camp  Sevier,  S. 
C,  March  25,  1918. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


73 


PHOCIAN  FRAZIER 

R.  F.  D.  7,  Oxford,  N.  C. 

Private,   U.   S.   General   Hospital    No.    1, 

New  York,  N.  Y.     Born  May  24,  1894.  Son 

of   Alfred    Frazier.      Entered    service   July 

6,  1918,  at  Camp  Greenleaf. 


ORIAN  D.  FREEMAN 
Franklinton,  N.  C. 
Sergeant,  Company  E,  120th  Infantry, 
30th  Division.  Born  June  20,  1895.  Son 
of  B.  L.  Freeman.  Entered  service  June 
26,  1916,  at  Camp  Glenn,  N.  C.  Went 
overseas  May  12,  1918.  Wounded  in  bat- 
tle  of    Hindenburg      Line,      September    29, 

1918.  Promoted   to    Sergeant     January    5, 

1919.  Honorably  discharged  May  21,  1919. 


ELBERT  E.  FULLER 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Captain,  Company  E,  120th  Infantry,  30th  Division.  Born  at  Roxboro,  N.  C, 
November  28,  1878.  Son  of  Junius  T.  Fuller,  M.  D.  Enlisted  in  Granville  Grays 
in  February,  1908.  Commissioned  1st  Lieutenant,  Company  E,  3rd  N.  C.  Infan- 
try, February  8,  1911.  Commissioned  Captain  March  9,  1914.  Entered  service  for 
World  War  July  25,  1917,  at  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C.  Overseas  May  12,  1918,  to  July  19, 
1919.  Served  with  120th  Infantry  in  Ypres  salient  July  and  August,  1918.  Transfer- 
red to  Rents,  Requisitions  and  Claims  service,  October  1,  1918.  Zone  Major,  Verdun, 
France,  December,  1918,  January  and  February,  1919.  Commanding  officer,  R.  R. 
and  C,  42nd  and  43rd  companies,  and  R.  R.  and  C.  detachment  at  Toul,  France, 
March,  April,  May  and  June,   1919.     Honorably  discharged   August   14,   1919. 


74 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


Wyatt,  James,  Corporal,  Wagoner,  N. 
C.  Transferred  from  81st  division,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division,  Camp  Se- 
vier, S.  C,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  October,  1917. 

Wyatt,  John  S.,  Private,  Piney  Creek, 
N.  C.  Transferred  from  81st  division, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  to  30th  division, 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  October,  1917,  assign- 
ed to  company  E,  120th  infantry. 

York,  Dan,  Private,  Huntsville,  Tenn. 
Transferred  to  company  E,  120th  infantry, 
from  55th  depot  brigade,  assigned  to  com- 
pany E,  120th  infantry,  October,  1917. 

York,  Silas,  Sergt,  Huntsville,  Tenn. 
Transferred  to  army  candidates  school, 
Langres,  France,  August,  1918. 

Zahner,  Charles  E.,  Private,  Minneapo- 
lis, Minn.  Transferred  from  83rd  division 
to  30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E, 
120th  infantry,  November,  1918. 

Zeiders,  Jacob  H.,  Private,  Harrisburg, 
Pa.  Transferred  from  83rd  division  to 
30th  division,  assigned  to  company  E,  120th 
infantry,  December,  1918. 


THE  30TH  DIVISION 
The  30th  Division  is  a  distinctively 
American  division.  More  than  95  per  cent, 
of  its  personnel  is  of  American  born  par- 
ents. The  division  is  constituted  of  Na- 
tional Guard  troops  of  North  Carolina, 
South  Carolina,  and  Tennessee,  augmented 
by  many  thousands  of  selective  draft  troops 
from  the  states  of  Indiana,  Illinois,  Iowa, 
Minnesota,  North  Dakota,  North  Carolina, 
South  Carolina  and  Tennessee. 

The  division  was  dubbed  "Old  Hickory," 
after  the  warrior  and  statesman  Andrew 
Jackson,  who  was  so  closely  identified  with 
the  history  of  the  states  furnishing  the  ma- 
jor portion  of  its  personnel. 

The  Old  Hickory  Division  landed  at  the 
port  of  Calais,  France,  on  the  24th  day  of 
May,  1918,  and  was  billeted  in  the  Eper- 
locques  Training  Area.  While  in  this  area 
the  officers  of    the    division    reconnoitered 


the  Terdeghen  Switch  Line,  south  of  Cas- 
sel,  and  complete  plans  were  formulated 
for  the  occupation  of  this  line  by  forced 
marches  in  case  of  emergency. 

Before  the  completion  of  its  training  pe- 
riod, the  division  was  transferred  to  the  II 
British  Corps,  Second  Army,  in  the  Ypres 
sector  to  be  in  close  support  in  case  of  the 
expected  German  offensive.  This  division, 
the  first  American  division  to  enter  that 
kingdom,  marched  into  Belgium  on  July 
4th  with  Division  Headquarters  at  Watou, 
to  be  in  close  support  of  the  33rd  and  49th 
British  Divisions,  and  was  employed  in  the 
construction  of  the  East  and  West  Poper- 
inghe  Defense  Systems  immediately  in  rear 
of  these  two  divisions.  An  immense 
amount  of  trench  and  wire  construction 
was  done.  Complete  plans  and  orders  were 
issued  for  the  occupation  of  the  East  and 
West  Poperinghe  Systems  by  the  30th  Di- 
vision in  the  event  of  a  German  attack  and 
a  forced  withdrawal  of  the  British  Divis- 
ions in  the  front.  The  Division  received 
training  in  the  front  line  with  the  33d  and 
49th  Divisions,  first  as  individuals,  then 
by  platoons,  and  lastly  by  entire  battalions. 

On  August  17,  1918,  the  division  took 
over  the  entire  sector  occupied  by  the  33rd 
British  Division,  60th  Brigade  being  in  the 
front  line,  59th  Brigade  in  support.  This 
was  known  as  the  Canal  Sector  and  ex- 
tended from  the  southern  outskitrs  of 
Ypres  to  the  vicinity  of  Voormezeele,  a  dis- 
tance of  2,400  metres. 

On  August  31st  and  September  1st  the 
division  engaged  in  an  offensive  in  con- 
junction with  the  14th  British  Division  on 
the  left  and  27th  American  Division  on  the 
right.  The  30th  Division  captured  all  its 
objectives,  including  Lock  No.  8,  Lankhof 
Farm  and  the  City  of  Voormezeele,  ad- 
vancing fifteen  hundred  yards,  capturing 
fifteen  prisoners,  two  machine  guns  and 
thirty-five  rifles.  As  a  result  of  this  ad- 
vance the  236th  Division,  which  was  con- 
sidered an  average  German  division,  was 
identified.  During  the  six  weeks  previous 
to  this  advance  many  attempts  had  been 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


75 


FRANK  HAYS  FURMAN 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  1st  class,  319th  Ambulance 
Company,  80th  Division.  Born  March  9, 
1897.  Son  of  Otis  and  Lucy  Hays  Fur- 
man.  Entered  service  August  15,  1917,  at 
Camp  Lee,  Va.  Honorably  discharged 
April  15,  1918. 


ROBERT  WOODSON  GLASSCOCK 
Virgilina,  Va. 
Private,  Students'  Army  Training  Corps, 
Elon  College,  N.  C.  Born  September  3, 
1897.  Son  of  M.  W.  Glasscock.  Entered 
service  October  12,  1918,  at  Elon  College, 
N.  C.  Honorably  discharged  December  11, 
1918. 


MARK  G.  GARRETT 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  114th  Field  Artillery,  30th  Di- 
vision. Born  March  27,  1891.  Son  of  John 
W.  Garrett.  Entered  service  April  26, 
1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Went  over- 
seas June  7,  1918.  Honorably  discharged 
April    3,    1919. 


LEE  CURRIN  GOOCH 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Second  Lieutenant,  Central  Officers' 
Training  School,  Camp  Gordon,  Ga.  Born 
February  23,  1890.  Son  of  Daniel  J. 
Gooch.  Entered  service  September  1,  1917, 
at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Promoted  to  Sec- 
ond Lieutenant  September  5,  1918.  Hon- 
orably  discharged    February   2,    1919. 


76 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


made  by  the  British  and  our  own  troops  to 
identify  this  German  Division. 

On  September  4th  and  5th  the  division 
was  withdrawn  from  the  Canal  Sector  and 
placed  in  British  G.  H.  Q.  reserve  with  Di- 
vision Headquarters  at  Roellecourt,  France. 
While  in  this  area  the  entire  division  was 
trained  in  attacking  in  conjunction  with 
British  tanks. 

On  September  17th  the  division  was 
again  moved  farther  south  with  Division 
Headquarters  at  Herissart,  and  on  Sep- 
tember 22d  was  moved  to  the  British 
Fourth  Army  with  Division  Headquarters 
at  Bois  de  Buire,  near  Tincourt,  taking  ov- 
er a  front  line  sector,  from  the  1st  Aus- 
tralian Division,  on  the  night  of  23rd  and 
24th. 

On  September  29th  this  division,  with  the 
27th  American  division  on  the  left  and  the 
46th  British  division  on  the  right,  assault- 
ed the  Hindenburg  line.  The  Hindenburg 
line  at  this  point  curves  in  front  of  the  Tun- 
nel of  St.  Quentin.  This  was  considered 
impregnable  by  the  Germans  for  the  fol- 
lowing reasons :  The  Hindenburg  line 
curving  west  of  the  tunnel  consisted  of 
three  main  trench  systems  protected  by 
vast  fields  of  heavy  barbed  wire  entangle- 
ments skillfully  placed ;  this  wire  was  very 
heavy  and  had  been  damaged  very  little  by 
artillery  fire.  The  dominating  ground  en- 
abled them  to  bring  devastating  machine 
gun  fire  on  all  approaches.  The  lines  had 
been  strengthened  with  concrete  machine 
gun  emplacements.  It  contained  at  this 
point  a  large  number  of  dugouts,  lined  with 
mining  timbers,  with  wooden  steps  lead- 
ing down  to  a  depth  of  about  30  feet,  with 
small  rooms  capable  of  holding  from  four 
to  six  men  each.  In  many  cases  these  dug- 
outs were  wired  for  electric  light.  The 
large  tunnel  through  which  the  canal  ran, 
was  of  sufficient  capacity  to  shelter  a  di- 
vision. This  tunnel  was  electrically  light- 
ed and  filled  with  barges.  Connecting  it 
with  the  Hindenburg  trench  system  were 
numerous  tunnels.  In  one  case  a  direct 
tunnel   ran   from   the   main   tunnel   to   the 


basement  of  a  large  stone  building,  which 
the  enemy  used  for  headquarters.  Other 
tunnels  ran  from  the  main  tunnel  eastward 
to  the  City  of  Bellicourt  and  other  places. 
This  complete  subterranean  system,  with 
its  hidden  exits  and  entrances  unknown  to 
us,  formed  a  most  complete  and  safe  sub- 
terranean method  of  communication  and 
reinforcement  for  the  German  sector. 

The  30th  Division,  the  60th  Brigade, 
augmented  by  units  of  the  117th  Infantry 
attacking,  assaulted  this  line  at  5:50  a.  m., 
September  29th,  on  a  front  of  three  thous- 
and yards,  captured  the  entire  Hindenburg 
system  of  that  sector  and  advanced  far- 
ther, capturing  the  tunnel  system  with  the 
German  troops  therein,  and  took  the 
cities  of  Bellicourt,  Nauroy,  Riqueval,  Car- 
riere,  Etricourt,  Guillaine  Ferme  and 
Ferme  de  Riqueval,  advancing  four  thous- 
and two  hundred  yards,  defeating  two  ene- 
my divisions  of  average  quality  (the  75th 
Reserve  Division  and  the  185th  Division) , 
taking  as  prisoners  47  officers  and  1,434 
men. 

On  October  1st  and  2d  the  30th  Division 
was  relieved  by  the  5th  Australian  Divis- 
ion and  moved  to  back  area  with  Division 
Headquarters  at  Herbecourt.  The  divi- 
sion scarcely  reached  this  area  when  it  was 
marched  back  and  took  over  the  front  line, 
in  the  same  sector,  from  the  2d  Australian 
Division  near  Montbrehain  on  the  night  of 
October  4th-5th. 

On  October  8th,  9th,  10th  and  11th,  the 
30th  Division  attacked  each  day,  advanc- 
ing 17,500  yards,  and  capturing  le  Tilleul 
d'Archives,  le  Petit  Cambresis,  Becquigny, 
Mon.  Sarasin,  le  Trou  Aux  Soldats,  Busig- 
ny,  Gloriette,  le  Vert  Donjon,  Escaufourt, 
le  Rond  Pont.  Vaux-Andigny,  Valee  Has- 
ard,  la  Haie  Menneresse,  la  Rochelle,  le 
Vent  de  Bise,  St.  Souplet,  St.  Benin,  Malas- 
sise,  Geneve,  half  of  Montbrehain,  Bran- 
court.  Premont,  Vaux-le-Pretre,  Brancou- 
court,  Fraicourt  Ferme,  Bois  Mirand,  But- 
ry  Ferme,  la  Sabliere  Bois,  Becquignette 
Ferme,  Bois  de  Malmaison,  Malmaison 
Ferme,  Bois  de  Busigny,  Bois  l'Ermitage, 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


77 


ROLAND   LEWIS   GOOCH 
Oxford,   N.  C. 

Sei'geant,  Base  Hospital  No.  45,  Toul, 
France.  Born  August  3,  1895.  Son  of 
Daniel  J.  and  Alice  C.  Gooch.  Entered 
service  February  28,  1918,  at  Camp  Lee, 
Va.  Went  overseas  April  15,  1918.  Hon- 
orably discharged  April   29,   1919. 


JAMES    0.    GORDON 
R.  F.  D.  3,  Oxford,  N.  C. 

Private,  Battery  C,  3rd  Regiment,  Field 
Artillery,  R.  D.  Born  in  Granville  Coun- 
ty. Son  of  Lewis  W.  and  Sallie  A.  Gor- 
don. Entered  service  August  26,  1918, 
at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Honorably  dis- 
charged   December    13,    1918. 


AUGUSTUS  W.  GRAHAM,  JR. 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Second  Lieutenant,  Field  Artillery  Reserve  Corps.  Born  August  12,  1891.  Son 
of  Judge  A.  W.  and  Lucy  A.  Graham.  Entered  service  May  24,  1918,  at  Oxford, 
N.  C.  Sent  to  Camp  Jackson,  Columbia,  S.  C.  Promoted  to  rank  of  Lieutenant  No- 
vember 26,  1918.  Volunteered  for  Second  Officers'  Training  Camp  but  was  rejected 
because  too  light  in  weight  for  height;  later  drafted  and  sent  to  Camp  Jackson. 
Transferred  to  Field  Artillery,  Central  Officers'  Training  School  at  Camp  Zachary 
Taylor,  Ky.,  on  August  7,  1918.  Graduated  November  26,  191S.  Commissioned 
November  26,  1918.     Honorably  discharged  November  27,  1918. 


78 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


Bois  Proyart,  Imberfayt  and  Du  Guet  Fas- 
sioux  Fermes,  taking  prisoners  45  officers 
and  1,889  men.  The  59th  Brigade  began  this 
attack  on  October  8th  and  captured  all  their 
objecitves,  including  Premont  and  Bran- 
court.  During  this  operation  from  October 
8th  to  11th  the  30th  Division  encountered 
units  from  fourteen  German  divisions,  clas- 
sified by  the  British  High  Command  as  fol- 
lows :  34th  Division,  average ;  20th  Divis- 
ion, very  good ;  24th  Division,  very  good ; 
21st  Division,  average;  21st  Reserve  Divi- 
sion, average;  38th  Dviision,  very  good; 
119th  Division,  average;  121st  Division, 
average;  187th  Sharpshooting  Section,  very 
good;  204th  Division,  average;  208th  Di- 
vision, average;  3d  Naval  Division,  very 
good ;  15th  Reserve  Division,  average. 

The  30th  Division  was  relieved  by  the 
27th  Division  on  October  llth-12th,  but  re- 
turned on  October  16th  and  took  over  a  part 
of  the  same  line  at  the  same  place,  being 
the  right  half  of  the  sector  temporarily 
held  by  the  27th.  The  next  attack  was 
launched  on  October  17th,  18th  and  19th 
against  the  221st  Division,  average;  243d 
Division,  average ;  29th  Division,  very  good ; 
advancing  nine  thousand  yards  and  cap- 
turing 6  officers  and  412  men,  and  the 
towns  of  Molain,  St.-Martin  Riviere,  Ri- 
beauville,  Ecaillon,  Mazinghein  and  Ribeau- 
court  Ferme. 

During  much  of  the  fighting  from  Octo- 
ber 8th  to  11th  and  from  17th  to  19th,  dif- 
ficulties of  the  terrain  were  very  great, 
with  the  country  greatly  broken  by  small 
patches  of  woods  and  villages  with  unev- 
en terrain,  and  occasional  large  towns,  ad- 
mirably added  to  the  machine  gun  defense  of 
which  the  Germans  took  every  advantage. 
The  La  Selle  River  with  high  banks  beyond 
was  obstinately  defended.  In  spite  of  these 
difficulties  the  advance  continued,  often 
without  artillery  support,  and  was  made 
possible  only  by  the  determination   of  the 


men  and  the  skillful  use  of  all  arms  com- 
bined with  clever  utilization  of  the  diversi- 
fied terrain.  The  3d  German  Naval  Divi- 
sion, one  of  the  crack  German  divisions, 
was  hastily  thrown  in  in  an  attempt  to  stop 
the  advance. 

The  division  was  then  withdrawn  to  the 
Heilly  Training  Area,  near  Amiens,  for  re- 
placemnets  and  a  well-earned  rest;  Divis- 
ion Headquarters  at  Querrieu.  Two  weeks 
later,  when  orders  for  an  immediate  re- 
turn to  the  front  were  expected  daily,  the 
armistice  with  Germany  was  signed  No- 
vember 11,  1918.  The  fighting  being  over, 
the  II  American  Corps  was  released  from 
the  British  E.  F.,  with  which  it  had  been 
associated  since  its  arrival  in  France,  and 
transferred  to  the  American  E.  F.  in  the 
Le  Mans  area,  where  the  first  units  of  the 
30th  Division  arrived  and  Division  Head- 
quarters were  opened  at  Ballon  on  Novem- 
ber 21st. 

During  the  above  operations  the  advance 
was  so  rapid  and  the  troops  withdrawn  so 
soon,  there  was  no  opportunity  to  gather 
up  and  salvage  a  great  number  of  guns 
and  supplies  captured,  which  were  left  for 
the  salvage  troops  of  the  Fourth  British 
Army.  Upon  a  partial  check  by  the  units 
of  the  division,  it  is  known  that  at  least 
72  field  artillery  pieces,  26  trench  mortars, 
426  machine  guns,  and  1,792  rifles  were 
captured;  in  addition  to  a  great  mass  of 
material.  This  represents  but  a  portion 
of  the  captures.  In  many  instances  field 
guns  taken  from  the  Germans  were  turned 
over  to  the  supporting  artillery  and  used 
by  them  upon  the  retreating  enemy. 

Total  number  of  prisoners  captured  by 
this  divisoin  from  September  29th  to  Octo- 
ber 20th:  98  officers.  3,750  men.  During 
the  same  period  we  lost  3  officers  and  24 
men  as  prisoners;  44  officers  and  4,823 
men  wounded  (including  slightly  wounded 
and  slightly  gassed) . 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


79 


WILLIAM  JAMES  GRANT 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Second  Lieutenant,  Infantry,  First  Re- 
placement Regiment,  Camp  Pike,  Ark. 
Born  January  16,  1894.  Son  of  James  A. 
Grant.  Entered  service  May  13,  1917,  at 
Fort  Oglethorpe,  Ga.  Promoted  to  Second 
Lieutenant  August  15,  1917.  Wounded  in 
battle  of  St.  Souplet.  Honorably  dis- 
charged April  18,  1919. 


REUBEN  S.  GREENWAY 
R.  F.  D.  5,  Virgilina,  Va. 
Private,  Company  L,  322nd  Infantry, 
81st  Division.  Born  in  Granville  Coun- 
ty. Son  of  J.  D.  Greenway.  Entered  ser- 
vice May  24,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S. 
C.  Went  overseas  August  11,  1918.  Hon- 
orably  discharged   June   25,   1919. 


HAROLD    F.    GREEN 

Northside,  N.  C. 
Corporal,  Company  E,  120th  Infantry, 
30th  Division.  Born  July  30,  1897.  Son 
of  B.  E.  Green.  Entered  service  June  22, 
1916,  at  Camp  Glenn,  N.  C.  Went  over- 
seas May  12,  1918.  Honorably  discharged 
April  18,  1919. 


WILLIAM  H.  GREGORY 
Stovall,  N.  C. 
Second  Lieutenant,  Motor  Transport 
Corps,  Army  Supply  Base,  Norfolk,  Va. 
Born  September  29,  1895.  Son  of  W.  H. 
Gregory.  Entered  service  November  13, 
1917,  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Promoted  to 
Second  Lieutenant  September  5,  1918. 
Honorably    discharged    June    12,    1919. 


80 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


THE    120TH   INFANTRY,   U.   S.   A.,   ON 
HIS  MAJESTY'S  SERVICE 


soldiers,  though  we  still  talked  in  low 
tones  of  our  first  casualties  who  had  join- 
ed the  British  throng  in  "Flanders  Field." 


CALAIS 

June  5,  1918,  is  a  landmark  in  this  regi- 
ment, for  that  day  the  last  of  its  units 
landed  on  French  soil.  We  already  knew 
we  were  at  war,  but  when  the  wind  now 
blew  from  the  right  direction  the  thunder 
of  the  guns  told  us  the  party  was  still  go- 
ing on,  and  in  spite  of  the  assurance  on 
every  side  that  we  were  too  late,  we  saw 
a  fair  chance  of  taking  a  hand  in  the  game. 
Calais!  Calais!  the  jewel  of  an  English 
Queen,  but  to  our  men  the  place  where  all 
their  possession,  their  jewels,  from  a  sweet- 
heart's sweater  to  the  extra  pair  of  "hobs" 
were  taken  from  them  and  turned  into  sal- 
vage. Calais,  where  our  load  was  lighten- 
ed and  with  British  arms  in  fighting  trim, 
we  left  the  American  Army  never  to  re- 
join it  until  the  armistice  was  signed. 

Packed  "40  Hommes"  to  a  car,  we  depart- 
ed for  the  British  Army  and  for  training, 
under  a  new  system,  in  the  Eperlocques 
Training  Area.  British  and  billets  were 
new  to  us,  but  we  soon  adjusted  ourselves 
to  the  new  conditions.  We  learned  that  a 
lorry  was  not  a  soft  drink,  but  a  welcomed 
sight  to  a  tired  P.  B.  I.  We  learned  that 
an  "indent"  was  for  the  purpose  of  draw- 
ing rations  and  clothing  and  not  a  field 
punishment.  We  learned  that  a  "chit" 
was  not  used  in  gambling  but  for  drawing 
"Scotch  liquor."  We  learned  many  things 
and  learned  them  rapidly,  all  but  one, 
"Tommy"  shoes.  In  the  meanwhile  we 
were  told  the  Boche  would  probably  try 
to  drive  in  the  Hazelbrook  Sector  and  offi- 
cers were  rushed  off  each  day  to  make  re- 
connaisance  of  the  line,  we  would  be  ex- 
pected to  occupy  and  hold  at  "all  cost." 
Lines  are  always  held  that  way.  As  many 
officers  and  men  as  possible  were  sent  for 
tours  with  the  British  in  the  Ypres  Sal- 
ient, coming  back,  each  with  his  story  of 
things  seen  and  heard.  We  began  to  speak 
knowingly  of  patrols,  gas,  92's  and  work- 
ing parties.     We  were     becoming  regular 


BELGIUM 

Suddenly  our  training  stops,  orders 
come  to  move,  we  march  away,  north, 
north,  north.  Where  are  we  going  and 
what  for?  Was  the  Boche  attacking?  On 
the  fourth  of  July,  our  Division  crossed 
into  Belgium,  the  first  American  troops  in 
the  "cock  pit"  of  Europe.  We  are  going 
into  the  "Salient"  the  Boche  is  going  to 
attack.  Not  all  the  way,  however,  as  the 
regiment  finally  stops  at  "Road  Camp,"  a 
city  of  "Nissen  Huts,"  and  training  is  be- 
gun again.  One  battalion  at  a  time  goes 
into  the  famous  "Salient"  with  the  Brit- 
ish, another  works  on  the  trench  systems, 
east  and  west  of  Poperinghe.  Orders  to 
occupy  and  hold  these  lines  at  all  cost, 
should  the  Boche  attack,  are  issued  but  he 
does  not  attack  and  each  battalion  has  an 
opportunity  to  learn  the  game  from  our 
British  comrades.  We  grow  more  and  more 
callous,  in  regard  to  casualties,  they  grow 
in  number  and  the  little  American  plots 
grow  in  size.  The  hum  of  the  bombing 
planes  overhead  no  longer  keeps  you  awake. 
You  can  now  tell  from  the  whistle  of  the 
shell  whether  they  are  coming  dangerously 
near  and  no  longer  duck  into  a  shell  hole, 
only  to  feel  very  foolish  when  it  bursts  a 
mile  away. 

Finally  the  news  comes  that  we  are  go- 
ing in  on  our  own,  "taking  over"  from  the 
33rd  British,  in  what  was  known  as  "The 
Canal  Sector,"  on  the  southern  outskirts  of 
Ypres.  Our  first  relief  was  a  complete 
success  and  without  a  casualty.  One  o'clock 
in  the  morning  found  us  responsible  for  a 
mile  of  front ;  our  sister  regiment,  the 
119th  on  our  right  and  on  their  right  the 
27th  (New  York)  Division,  who  were  to 
be  our  brothers-in-arms  from  that  time 
until  the  end.  Belgium  Battery  Corner 
and  the  other  famous  places  in  Flanders' 
history  became  part  of  our  own.  We  pit- 
ted our  wits  against  the  crafty  Hun's  and 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


81 


LOOMIS  MALCOMBE  HALE 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Sergeant,  100th  Aero  Squadron,  Air 
Service.  Born  January  8,  1891.  Son  of 
John  W.  Hale.  Entered  service  August 
16,  1917,  at  Kelly  Field,  San  Antonio, 
Texas.  Overseas  seventeen  months.  Hon- 
orably discharged  June  13,  1919.  One  of 
the  survivors  of  the  Tuscania,  the  first 
American    ship  torpedoed. 


E.  B.  HARDEE 
Stem,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  B,  Infantry,  Students' 
Army  Training  Corps,  Trinity  College, 
Durham,  N.  C.  Born  August  22,  1898.  Son 
of  Dr.  P.  R.  Hardee.  Entered  service  Oc- 
tober 10,  1918,  at  Durham,  N.  C.  Hon- 
orably  discharged   December   10,   1918. 


JOHN  GREENE  HALL 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Second  Lieutenant,  Infantry,  Camp 
Grant,  111.  Born  May  9,  1898.  Son  of  Au- 
gustus S.  and  Pansy  R.  Hall.  Entered 
service  September  15,  1918,  at  Camp 
Grant,  111.  Received  training  for  Second 
Lieutenant  at  Plattsburg,  N.  Y.  Honor- 
ably   discharged    December    11,    1918. 


ALFRED  SIDNEY  HARRIS 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Wagoner,  305th  Ambulance  Company, 
80th  Division.  Born  August  15,  1899.  Son 
of  Thomas  L.  and  Lavina  Harris.  Enter- 
ed service  August  1,  1918,  at  Camp  Lee,  Va. 
Went  overseas  September  15,  1918.  Hon- 
orably  discharged   July   5,   1919. 


82 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


held  our  own.  We  learned  his  habits,  his 
plans  for  and  time  of  shelling,  avoiding 
both.  This  required  considerable  study  as 
the  shelling  was  constant  and  from  every 
direction.  It  was,  however,  most  consol- 
ing to  see  the  British  send  "Jerry"  ten 
shells  back  for  each  one  he  sent  over  and 
to  know  the  enemy  planes  never  dared  to 
come  over  our  lines  except  at  night.  We 
didn't  fear  the  Boche,  but  we  did  fear  we 
would  be  kept  in  that  salient  of  mud,  slime 
and  filth  throughout  the  winter,  holding 
lines,  being  killed  and  not  able  to  fight 
back.  We  tried  not  to  think  of  it,  but  we 
couldn't  help  doing  so.  Finally  some  one 
higher  decided  the  line  should  be  changed 
and  any  change,  of  course,  meant  pushing 
the  Hun  a  little  farther  back.  We  were 
anxious  over  the  result  and  pleased  at  the 
chance,  for  at  least,  we  would  have  an  op- 
portunity to  get  at  him.  The  men  went 
over  in  the  middle  of  the  day,  without  ar- 
tillery support;  they  were  wonderful,  as 
cool  and  unconcerned  as  if  on  a  tactical 
exercise.  Fortunately,  the  enemy  was  not 
on  his  job  and  this  regiment  picked  up 
fourteen  of  the  fifteen  prisoners  captured; 
the  first  identification  secured  on  the  front 
for  a  considerable  time,  if  we  except  a 
Chinaman  captured  by  this  regiment  in 
front  of  Post  No.  5,  and  whose  presence 
there  was  never  explained.  The  new  line 
as  established  was  held,  though  the  Boche 
when  he  did  wake  up  to  what  had  taken 
place  made  the  whole  sector  uncomforta- 
ble. The  operation  was  a  success,  the  ene- 
my division  was  classed  as  "fair"  and  if 
he  was  "fair,"  well,  his  best,  we  decided, 
could  not  be  much  better  than  we  were, 
for  it  increased  wonderfully  our  confi- 
dence in  our  own  ability.  We  were  all 
satisfied  from  the  Army  Commander  to  the 
lowest  private.  As  a  reward  for  our  work, 
the  news  came  of  our  relief,  and  that  it 
had  been  decided  we  were  too  good  to  waste 
in  sedentary  warfare  and  were  ordered  to 
be  G.  H.  Q.  reserve  troops,  whatever  that 
was.  We  were  assured,  however,  that  it 
meant  a  chance  to  fight  whenever  we  went 


in.  The  relief  came  off  as  scheduled;  the 
British  took  back  their  salient  and  we 
moved  out  to  "Dirty  Bucket  Camp"  to  be 
bathed  and  deloused.  After  having  spent 
twenty  days  in  the  line,  this  was  badly 
needed. 

From  "Dirty  Bucket"  the  regiment 
marched  to  Proven,  where  it  entrained, 
landing  in  the  vicinity  of  St.  Pol,  as  part 
of  the  First  British  Army.  This  area  was 
one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  comfortable 
we  were  ever  in.  Here  also  we  had  our 
first  instruction  in  working  in  conjunc- 
tion with  tanks.  They  made  a  great  im- 
pression on  all  of  us  and  gave  us  a  feeling 
that  with  tanks  to  help  we  could  go  any 
where.  After  a  stay  of  two  weeks  in  this 
area  we  moved  to  the  Acheaux  Area  and 
became  a  part  of  the  Fourth  British  Army. 
This  area  had  been  subjected  to  a  full  share 
of  the  Hun's  hate,  but  was  a  wonderful 
training  area.  We  worked  very  hard,  as 
each  of  us  felt  that  the  time  was  rapidly 
approaching  when  we  would  have  the  best 
we  had  put  to  the  test.  One  day  we  were 
told  the  time  was  near  at  hand,  partial  de- 
tails were  given  us  and  a  rehearsal  put  on. 
By  some  unfortunate  accident,  the  big 
show  which  came  later  was  an  exact  dupli- 
cate of  this  practice  exercise.  No  terrain 
exercise  was  ever  so  successful.  Each  offi- 
cer and  man  seemed  to  feel  approaching 
events,  and  put  his  whole  soul  into  the 
work.  We  moved  again,  this  time  at  night. 
Long  lines  of  lorries  assembled,  the  troops 
embussed  ( ?)  without  a  hitch,  and  the  col- 
umn moved  into  the  night.  All  night  we 
rode,  through  shell-wrecked  Albert,  along 
the  marshy  Sorame,  through  historic  Per- 
rone,  where  the  Boche  had  been  just  a  few 
days  before,  and  the  first  rays  of  the  morn- 
ing sun  found  us  debussed  ( ?)  at  Tincourt, 
tired  but  ready.  That  afternoon  we 
marched  up  still  closer  to  the  line,  spend- 
ing the  night  in  any  place  we  could  find, 
hoping  the  shells  coming  over  would  not 
land  in  our  midst.  The  59th  Brigade  was 
in  the  line.     What  were  we  to  do? 

September  29th. — Foch     was     to     play, 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


83 


GRAHAM  WAVERLY  HARRIS 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Sergeant,  Machine  Gun  Company,  120th 
Infantry,  30th  Division.  Born  June  24, 
1893.  Son  of  Robert  W.  and  Mary  D.  Har- 
ris. Entered  service  July  15,  1917,  at 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C.  Went  overseas  May 
12,  1918.  Wounded  in  France.  Awarded 
Distinguished  Service  Cross.  Honorably 
discharged  April  17,  1919.  Decorated  at 
Washington,  D.  C,  by  Prince  of  Wales  on 
November  13,  1919,  with  British  M.  M. 
Medal. 


HARVEY  REDIE  HARRIS 
R.  F.  D.  2,  Kittrell,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  L,  322nd  Infantry, 
81st  Division.  Born  October  2,  1893.  Son 
of  Aldridge  Harris.  Entered  service  May 
25,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Overseas 
nine  months.  Honorably  discharged  June 
27,   1919. 


RICHARD  W.  HARRIS 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Provost  Guard,  Camp  Jackson, 
S.  C.  Born  September  27,  1890.  Son  of 
E.  C.  Harris.  Entered  service  May  25, 
1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Honorably 
discharged   February   12,   1919. 


GEORGE  R.  HARRISON,  JR. 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  C,  Engineers  First 
Replacement,  1st  Regiment.  Born  August 
19,  1889.  Son  of  George  R.  Harrison,  Sr. 
Entered  service  December  14,  1917,  at 
Fort  Thomas,  Ky.  Went  overseas  May  9, 
1918.  Honorably  discharged  July  21, 
1919. 


84 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


on  this  clay,  his  "master  stroke,"  hurling 
the  1st,  3d,  and  4th  British  armies  against 
the  Hindenburg  Line,  between  St.  Quentin 
and  Cambrai.  If  it  failed,  the  war  would 
probably  drag  along  for  months  yet  to 
come;  if  successful,  it  meant  the  with- 
drawal of  enemy  forces  in  Belgium  and 
along  the  line  of  the  Meuse  before  their 
only  two  gateways  into  Germany  could  be 
closed.  About  half  way  between  these  two 
cities,  or  what  is  left  of  cities,  the  St. 
Quentin  Canal  passes  for  a  distance  of 
6,000  yards  underground.  This  sector  was 
in  the  center  of  the  salient  alloted  to  the 
4th  British  Army.  For  four  years  the  ene- 
my had  been  adding  to  a  natural  strength 
every  means  known  to  man,  as  this  sector 
was  the  only  place  on  the  entire  front  over 
which  tanks  could  operate  and  was  the  vi- 
tal spot  in  the  famous  line.  The  entire 
frontage  was  alloted  to  the  Second  Ameri- 
can Army  Corps,  the  left  of  the  sector  was 
given  to  the  27th  Division,  and  the  right  to 
the  30th.  The  "Tar  Heel"  Brigade  of  the 
30th  Division  was  assigned  to  the  Divis- 
ional Front,  and  to  this  regiment  was  giv- 
en the  right  of  the  Divisional  Front.  The 
job  cut  out  for  this  regiment  included  three 
rows  of  wire,  each  forty  feet  deep ;  three 
rows  of  the  Hindenburg  Line ;  the  southern 
end  of  the  Tunnel,  which  would  hold  a  di- 
vision of  troops  in  perfect  security,  and  the 
cities  of  Bellicourt,  Nauroy  and  Requeval, 
all  fortified  to  the  last  degree,  and  dotted 
about  over  the  entire  area  were  numerous 
concrete  machine  gun  implacements,  against 
which  shell  fire  was  impotent.  On  the 
night  of  the  27th  we  relieved  the  118th  In- 
fantry, of  the  59th  Brigade.  On  the  morn- 
ing of  the  29th  we  were  to  go  over,  sup- 
ported by  a  creeping  barrage  and  tanks. 
Our  plans  had  been  worked  out,  each  bat- 
talion, company  and  man  had  been  assign- 
ed to  a  job ;  each  one  understood  thorough- 
ly what  he  was  to  do ;  each  one  knew  the 
great  importance  of  the  task  assigned. 
Companies  pledged  themselves  to  go 
through  to  their  objectives,  even  if  only 
one  man  was  left.     We  were  determined  to 


leave  an  open  road  for  the  Australians  who 
were  to  follow  us.  We  were  determined  to 
win,  though  our  faith  was  tempted  by  be- 
ing told  we  would  not  succeed,  as  the  line 
was  too  strong. 

At  4  :30  a.  m.  all  troops  were  reported 
on  "tape"  and  the  slow  passing  seconds 
each  seemed  an  age.  At  5 :45  we  stood  with 
watch  in  hand.  Would  the  seconds  ever 
pass?  At  5:49  all  was  still,  a  deathly  si- 
lence. As  the  final  second  came  the  thun- 
der of  all  ages  seemed  to  break  at  once,  the 
earth  trembled  and  the  flashes  of  hundreds 
of  guns  in  the  early  dawn  gave  it  all  a  fear- 
some aspect.  The  troops  were  off  with  the 
second,  hugging  the  barrage,  for  success 
depended  on  getting  the  Boche  before  he 
could  get  out.  The  first  lines  were  won 
when  there  settled  over  the  battlefield  a 
fog  so  thick,  and  whose  density  was  so  ad- 
ded to  by  the  smoke  of  bursting  shells,  that 
officers  lost  all  touch  with  their  men ;  one 
could  not  see  ten  feet  ahead  of  him ;  units 
became  mixed,  but  each  man  with  the  ob- 
jective printed  on  his  mind  and  the  honor 
of  his  regiment  enshrined  in  his  heart, 
plowed  on,  not  knowing  whether  he  was  the 
only  one  or  his  squad  the  only  squad  on  the 
job.  Perhaps  they  were  working  their  way 
to  death  or  capture,  but  turn  back,  never. 
It  was  the  supreme  test  of  troops ;  had  they 
failed  it  could  have  been  forgiven,  but  they 
did  not  fail  and  the  rays  of  the  sun  pierc- 
ing the  fog  at  10:00  a.  m.  found  the  120th 
on  their  objective,  the  only  regiment  in  the 
whole  attack  which  went  through  and  on 
time.  The  road  was  open  to  the  Austra- 
lians ;  the  lines  had  been  broken,  the  de- 
fences were  ours.  Our  losses  were  griev- 
ous; but  the  accomplishments,  as  Field 
Marshal  Sir  Douglas  Haig  said,  "Made  fin- 
al victory  possible."  Over  a  thousand  pris- 
oners and  spoils,  never  counted,  were  in 
our  hands.  Boche  officers  captured,  when 
told  the  operations  had  been  a  success, 
would  not  believe  it,  but  when  finally  con- 
vinced threw  up  their  hands  in  despair, 
saying,  "It  is  over ;  there  is  nothing  between 
vou  and  the  Rhine." 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


85 


ALLEN  T.  HART 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Corpora],  Supply  Company,  322nd  Infan- 
try, 81st  Division.  Born  March  18,  1895. 
Son  of  H.  S.  Hart.  Entered  service  Sep- 
tember 19,  1917,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Went  overseas  August  11,  1918.  Promoted 
to  Corporal  November  15,  1918.  Honora- 
bly discharged  June  25,  1919. 


JOHN  B.  HART 
Creedmoor,  N.  C. 
Corporal,  Company  E,  120th  Infantry. 
30th  Division.  Born  April  15,  1896.  Son 
of  John  E.  Hart.  Entered  service  April 
30,  1917,  at  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C.  Promoted 
to  Corporal  October  11,  1917.  Went  over- 
seas May  12,  1918.  Wounded  at  Mount 
Boheim,  France,  October  10,  1918.  Hon- 
orably discharged  April   18,   1919. 


NELSON  NORFLEET  HARTE 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Infantry,  Students'  Army  Train- 
ing Corps,  Wake  Forest  College,  Wake 
Forest,  N.  C.  Born  in  Petersburg,  Va., 
April,  5,  1900.  Son  of  Rev.  J.  D.  Harte. 
Entered  service  October  1,  1918,  at  Wake 
Forest,  N.  C.  Honorably  discharged  De- 
cember 12,  1918. 


ROY  COOPER  HART 
R.  F.  D.  5,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  D,  Machine  Gun 
Training  Center,  Camp  Hancock,  Ga.  Bom 
January  18,  1896.  Son  of  Robert  and  Eu- 
la  Hart.  Entered  service  September  13, 
1918,  at  Camp  Hancock,  Ga.  Honorably 
discharged  February   9,   1919. 


86 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


Two  days  later  we  were  taken  out,  but 
not  for  long.  We  marched  back  to  the  vi- 
cinity of  Amiens  only  to  retrace  our  steps 
at  once  and  back  into  the  lines,  this  time 
furnishing  two  battalions  as  reserve  troops 
for  the  59th  Brigade,  and  in  the  fighting 
of  this  Brigade,  in  the  taking  of  Premont 
and  Brancourt,  on  the  8th  of  October,  one 
of  our  companies  "mopped  up"  the  town 
of  Brancourt  and  two  companies  held  the 
outpost  line  in  the  vicinity  of  Premont. 
Here  we  found  them  in  the  early  hours  of 
the  next  morning,  the  morning  when  we 
were  to  pass  through  the  118th  and  drive 
the  Hun  across  the  La  Salle  River,  six 
miles  from  the  jumping  off  place.  The 
other  battalion  was  found  in  the  vicinity  of 
Montbrehain  unaware  of  the  coming  fight. 
How  these  men  managed  to  get  in  place 
in  time  to  follow  the  attacking  troops  is 
an  unsolved  mystery,  but  the  same  spirit 
which  carried  each  individual  on  and  on  in 
the  attack  of  the  29th,  sustained  them 
again  and  the  towns  of  Becquigny,  La 
Hale,  Menneress  and  Vaux  Andigny  were 
in  our  hands.  To  the  city  of  Bohain,  we 
diverted  troops  to  aid  our  British  comrades 
who  were  unable  to  advance.  Our  troops 
entered  the  city  from  the  rear  and  soon 
the  situation  was  clarified.  After  several 
days  of  fighting  we  were  relieved  by  a  reg- 
iment from  the  27th  Division,  and  for  a 
few  days  we  rested,  getting  a  fresh  breath. 
Back  into  the  line  again,  we  passed  through 
the  118th  Infantry.  On  we  went,  taking 
the  town  of  Mazingheim,  and  when  finally 
stopped,  on  October  19th,  by  exhaustion 
and  lack  of  men,  our  troops  were  on  the 
Heights  of  Catillon  and  overlooking  the 
Sensee  Canal.  This  time  we  were  relieved 
by  the  British  and  this  time  for  good.  The 
war  was  over  for  us,  as  the  11th  of  No- 
vember found  the  regiment  in  a  training 
area  getting  the  first  replacements  and 
making  ourselves  ready  for  another  push. 

We  left  the  British  Army  a  few  weeks 
later,  moving  to  the  S.  0.  S.  Area  near  Le 
Mans,  where  we  had  our  first  experience 
with  the  American  Army. 


RETROSPECT 

As  we  look  back,  it  is  with  a  keen  feel- 
ing of  satisfaction.  This  regiment  has 
nothing  for  which  it  has  to  apologize  or 
explain ;  we  have  been  assigned  our  task 
and  our  task  has  been  successfully  accom- 
plished. 

We  have  been  fortunate  in  our  Division 
Commander  and  his  Staff.  We  believed 
they  knew  this  regiment  could  be  counted 
on  to  carry  out  their  instructions,  and  we 
do  not  believe  this  confidence  has  been 
misplaced.  We,  in  turn,  have  expected 
from  them  assistance  in  their  various  de- 
partments, and  they  have  never  failed  us. 

We  have  alternately  hated  and  admired 
our  Brigade  Commander.  To  him  is  due 
the  making  of  this  Division,  and  today  we 
feel  his  labor  deserves  recognition  it  has 
not  received. 

The  Colonel  has  won  from  all  ranks 
their  admiration,  respect  and  love.  His 
ability  to  lead,  his  unfailing  fairness  in 
recognizing  ability  and  rewarding  merit, 
regardless  of  friends  or  friendship,  has 
created  within  this  regiment  a  brother- 
hood of  officers  which  is  rarely  found. 

The  work  of  our  officers  is  shown  in  the 
casualty  list.  They  have  led  their  men. 
Their  orders  have  not  been  "go,"  but  "fol- 
low me." 

The  men  have  proven  themselves  worthy 
of  glorious  sires,  from  Ypres  to  Catillon. 
They  have  fought  on,  ahvays  successful, 
but  with  ranks  growing  thinner  each  day. 
This  regiment  never  received  replacements 
to  fill  its  losses,  and  as  its  ranks  grew 
thinner  its  courage  increased.  They  earn- 
ed the  admiration  and  courage  of  their 
British  comrades-in-arms  by  their  lack  of 
fear,  their  willingness  to  go  and  their  de- 
termination to  hold  what  they  had  taken. 

For  our  British  allies  we  will  always 
have  the  happiest  recollections.  We  are 
proud  to  have  served  with  them.  For  a 
long  time  we  believed  ourselves  "out  of 
luck"  in  not  being  with  the  American  Army, 
but  we  no  longer  think  so.  We  profited  by 
their  four  years   of  war ;   we   profited  by 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


87 


GRATIS  HASWELL 
R.  F.  D.  3,  Youngsville,  N.  C. 
Private,  Battery  F,  3rd  Field  Artillery. 
Born  April  9,  1897.  Son  of  E.  J.  Haswell. 
Entered  service  August  26,  1918,  at  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C.  Honorably  discharged  De- 
cember  11,   1918. 


BENJAMIN  K.  HAYS,  M.  D. 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Captain,  Medical  Corps,  U.  S.  A.  Born 
July  3,  1870.  Son  of  John  W.  Hays.  En- 
tered service  May  6,  1918,  at  Camp  Green- 
leaf,  Ga.  Commissioned  June  15,  1917. 
Transferred  to  Camp  Lee,  Va.,  June  20, 
1918,  to  Army  Training  School,  New  Hav- 
en, Conn.,  July  4,  1918,  to  U.  S.  General 
Hospital,  Oteen,  N.  C,  September  3,  1918. 
Honorably  discharged  August  23,  1919. 
Also  examining  physician  to  Granville 
County   Local    Board. 


BENJAMIN   FRANKLIN  HESTER 
Hester,   N.   C. 

Second  Lieutenant,  24th  Company,  Cen- 
tral Officers'  Training  School,  Camp  Gor- 
don, Ga.  Born  October  1,  1890.  Son  of 
W.  A.  Hester.  Entered  service  July  13, 
1918,  at  Clemson  College,  S.  C.  Promoted 
to  Second  Lieutenant,  Infantry  Reserve 
Corps,  January  15,  1919.  Released  from 
active  duty  January  15,   1919. 


HUGH  BRYAN  HESTER 
Oxford,  N.  C, 
Captain,  12th  Field  Artillery,  2nd  Di- 
vision. Born  August  5,  1895.  Son  of  Wil- 
liam A.  and  Mary  E.  Hester.  Entered 
service  April  15,  1917,  at  Fort  Oglethorpe, 
Ga.      Went    overseas    September    J,      1917. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


their  wonderful  Service  of  Supply,  or  Ar- 
my Service  Corps,  which  is  the  most  per- 
fect organization  in  any  army.  Our  troops 
never  missed  a  meal  regardless  of  condi- 
tions. This  we  attributed  to  the  British 
and  Australian  training  and  supply.  We 
missed  our  own  artillery,  which  was 
"down  south"  in  France,  but  we  were  giv- 
en Australian  artillery,  and  better  there 
never  was.  It  was  always  at  the  right 
place  at  the  right  time.  They  were  fight- 
ers, and  today  a  "Digger"  can  always  find 
himself  a  welcome  guest  in  this  regiment. 

We  are  going  home,  we  hope  to  stay,  but 
if  we  have  fighting  to  do  again,  give  this 
regiment  "Jocks"  or  "Diggers"  on  our 
flanks ;  "Diggers"  handling  the  guns  which 
cover  us;  British  airmen  overhead  and  the 
Army  Service  Corps  in  the  rear;  give  us 
these  and  we  will  attempt  anything. 


SIR  DOUGLAS  HAIG'S  TRIBUTE 

In  parting  with  the  American  II  Corps, 
which  sustained  the  battle  shock  and  shared 
the  glory  of  one  of  the  most  brilliant  ope- 
rations of  the  war,  Field  Marshal  Haig 
does  not  utter  the  language  of  enconium. 
Would  these  men  of  the  North  and 
South,  whose  fathers  wore  the  blue  and 
gray  in  the  Civil  War,  bear  themselves 
worthily  under  Old  Glory  in  the  titanic 
struggle  in  France?  Would  they  prove 
the  peers  of  their  veteran  comrades  in 
arms  who  had  fought  so  gallantly  and  had 
known  death  hourly  in  four  terrible  years 
of  war?  Would  these  American  youths, 
whose  homes  were  three  thousand  miles 
across  the  Atlantic,  stand  up  in  the  great 
ordeal  as  resolutely  for  their  ideals  and 
with  like  indifference  for  the  perils  of  the 
European  battlefields,  where  courage  must 
have  the  quality  of  fatalism?  Sir  Douglas 
Haig  answers  in  words  that  will  be  cher- 


ished by  the  relatives  and  friends  of  the 
rank  and  file  of  the  II  Corps ;  for  the  ring 
of  them  is  so  genuine : 

"On  the  29th  of  September,  you  partici- 
pated with  distinction  in  a  great  and  criti- 
cal attack,  which  shattered  the  enemy's  re- 
sistance on  the  Hindenburg  Line,  and  which 
opened  the  road  to  final  victory.  The  deeds 
of  the  27th  and  30th  American  Divisions, 
which  took  Bellicourt  and  Nauroy,  and 
gallantly  sustained  the  desperate  struggle 
for  Bony,  will  rank  with  the  highest 
achievements  of  the  war.  The  names  of 
Brancourt,  Premont,  Busigny,  Vaux  An- 
digny,  St.  Souplet  and  Wassigny  will  tes- 
tify to  the  dash  and  energy  of  your  attacks. 
I  am  proud  to  have  had  you  in  my  com- 
mand." 

It  was  Marshal  Foch  himself  who  testi- 
fied that  the  shattering  of  the  vital  spur  of 
the  Hindenburg  Line  by  the  Fourth  Brit- 
ish Army  and  the  American  II  Corps,  in 
the  last  days  of  September,  "opened  the 
road  to  final  victory."  For  the  British  and 
Colonials,  going  into  battle  was  an 
old  story.  Experience  had  made  their 
nerves  steady,  and  they  knew  what  to  do 
in  any  emergency.  The  Americans  had 
the  look  of  new  men,  so  fresh,  so  keen,  so- 
unscarred  by  the  tragedy  of  war.  They 
looked  very  young,  many  of  these  American 
boys,  but  hard  and  fit.  For  the  most  of 
them,  no  doubt,  it  was  a  baptism  by  fire. 
As  the  event  proved,  they  feared  nothing, 
risked  everything,  would  not  be  held  back, 
but  nevertheless  were  admirably  steady. 
The  only  fault  found  with  them  by  the  old 
heads  of  the  British  Army  was  that  "they 
set  the  pace  too  hard,  and  were  too  eager 
to  get  forward"  against  an  enemy  whose 
ingenuity  in  masking  machine  guns  was 
devilish ;  but  the  fault,  which  was  a  virtue, 
endeared  our  men  to  the  British,  whom 
experience  had  taught  to  be  wary. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


89 


ROBERT  BENTON  HIGHT 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Medical  Department,  Base  Hos- 
pital, Camp  Sever,  S.  C.  Born  May  19, 
1896.  Son  of  Robert  M.  and  Anna  E. 
Hight.  Entered  service  October  4,  1917, 
at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Transferred  to 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C.  Honorably  discharged 
February    28,    1919. 


JAMES  GRAHAM  HOBGOOD 
R.  F.  D.  5,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  B,  U.  S.  Guards.  Born 
March  8,  1891.  Son  of  Frank  and  Claudie 
Hobgood.  Entered  service  May  24,  1918, 
at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Honorably  dis- 
charged  December   18,   1918. 


ELBERT  BUXTON  HOBGOOD 
R.  F.  D.  1,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  1st  class,  Quartermaster  Corps, 
81st  Division.  Born  June  9,  1891.  Son 
of  Royall  Lee  and  Cora  Hobgood.  Enter- 
ed service  May  25,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson, 
S.  C.  Honorablv  discharged  March  10, 
1919. 


JOSHUA  HOBGOOD 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  A,  306th  Ammunition 
Train,  81st  Division.  Born  June  23,  1892. 
Son  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Harvey  Hobgood. 
Entered  service  November  12,  1917,  at 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Went  overseas  Au- 
gust 5,  1918.  Honorablv  discharged  June 
26,   1919. 


90 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


Who  Broke  the  Hindenburg  Line? 


American  Expeditionary  Forces 
Office  of  the  Commander-in-Chief 

France,  February  19,  1919. 

Major  General  Edward    H.    Lewis,    Com- 
manding 30th  Division,  A.  E.  F.: 

My  Dear  General  Lewis:  It  gives 
me  great  pleasure  to  extend  to  you  and  the 
officers  and  men  of  the  30th  Division  my 
sincere  compliments  upon  their  appear- 
ance at  the  review  and  inspection  on  the 
21st  of  January,  southwest  of  Teille,  which 
was  excellent  and  is  just  what  would  be 
expected  in  a  command  with  such  a  splen- 
did fighting  record. 

After  its  preliminary  training,  the  Di- 
vision entered  the  line  on  July  16th,  where 
it  remained  almost  continuously  until  the 
end  of  October.  In  that  time  it  was  in  the 
actual  battle  from  the  30th  of  August  and 
took  part  in  the  Ypres-Lys  and  Somme  of- 
fensives. On  September  29th,  the  Divi- 
sion broke  through  both  the  Hindenburg 
and  the  Le  Catelet-Nauroy  lines,  capturing 
Bellicourt  and  Nauroy,  an  operation  on 
which  all  subsequent  action  of  the  4th  Brit- 


ish Army  depended.  From  October  7th  to 
October  20th,  the  Division  advanced  23 
kilometers  in  a  continued  series  of  attacks, 
capturing  2,352  of  the  enemy.  Bran- 
court,  Premont,  Busigny,  St.  Bernin,  St. 
Souplet  and  Escaufort,  La  Haie,  Mineresso 
and  Vaux  Andigny  are  names  which  will 
live  in  the  memories  of  those  who  fought 
in  the  30th  Division.  But  its  especial  glory 
will  always  be  the  honor  you  won  by  break- 
ing the  Hindenburg  Line  on  September 
29th.  Such  a  record  is  one  of  which  we 
are  all  proud. 

It  is  gratifying  to  see  your  troops  in 
such  good  physical  shape,  but  still  more  so 
to  know  that  this  almost  ideal  condition 
will  continue  to  the  end  of  their  service 
and  beyond,  as  an  exemplification  of  their 
high  character  and  soldiery  qualities. 

I  inspected  the  artillery  brigade  of  the 
Division  later,  and  found  the  same  high 
standard  of  personnel  that  marks  the  rest 
of  the  Division. 

Very  sincerely  yours, 

John  J.  Pershing. 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


91 


THOMAS    GARLAND    HOBGOOD 
R.  F.  D.  1,  Oxford,  N.  C. 

Private,  Casualty  Company  No.  618. 
Born  October  20,  1896.  Son  of  Henry  Tay- 
lor and  Pattie  Hobgood.  Entered  service 
August  26,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Went  overseas  October  28,  1918.  Honor- 
ably  discharged   June   21,   1919. 


JOSEPH  HORTON 
Creedmoor,  N.  C. 
Cook,  Company  E,  120th  Infantry,  30th 
Division.  Born  November  15,  1895.  Son 
of  Henry  Horton.  Entered  service  July 
8,  1916,  at  Camp  Glenn,  N.  C.  Promoted 
to  cook  September  26,  1917.  Went  over- 
seas May  12,  1918.  Honorably  discharged 
April    18,   1919. 


SIDNEY   M.    HOCKADAY 
Creedmoor,  N.  C. 

Private,  Motor  Supply  Train,  No.  418. 
Born  January  16,  1896.  Son  of  H.  C. 
Hockaday.  Entered  service  March  20, 
1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Overseas 
ten  months.  Honorably  discharged  June 
25,  1919. 


ERNEST  BRODIE  HOWARD 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Second  Lieutenant,  Central  Officers' 
Training  School,  Camp  Gordon,  Ga.  Born 
November  13,  1889.  Son  of  Eugene  K. 
and  Emily  A.  Howard.  Entered  service 
June  25,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Hon- 
orably discharged  December  1,  1918. 


92 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


The  Conquest  of  the  Cootie 


They  run  wild,  simply  wild,  over  me. 

They  run  me  wild,  just  as  wild  as  I  can  be, 

Underneath   my   shirt, 

Everywhere  there's  beaucoup  dirt, 

The  small  ones,  the  big  ones,  I  scratch  until  I  hurt. 

Every  night  how   they   fight  over  me! 

I  get  as  mad,  just  as  mad,  as  I  can  be — 

Down  my  pants-leg,  on  my  chest, 

In   my   eyebrows  they've  made   nests, 

They  run  wild,  simply  wild  over  me. 

The  situation  was  fierce.  Everybody  had 
them.  Nobody  was  ashamed  of  it.  How 
we  scratched !  Everywhere  could  be  seen 
soldiers  standing  like  Napoleon  with  hands 
thrust  in  blouses.  The  Major  was  raging. 
Action  was  necessary. 

Said  a  well  known  Medico,  "Hell's  bells, 
we  must  get  rid  of  these  things.  What  is 
the  matter  with  this  Division  Decooter- 
izing  Outfit?" 

"Nothing,"  replied  the  Division  Surgeon 
(by  indorsement,  of  course),  "We  will  get 
to  you  in  time.  You  can  stand  them  a 
little  longer." 

But  thinks  this  Doctor,  "I  just  can't 
wait.  We  will  have  scratched  our  lives 
away  before  that  outfit  gets  to  us.  By 
heck,  I'll  build  a  decooterizer,  but  where 
can  I  get  the  materials?" 

"How  do  you  usually  get  things  in  this 
man's  army?" 

So  this  good  doctor,  a  wise  old  man, 

Swore,  "I  can   chase  cooties   as  well   as   any  man 

can." 
So  he  buscowed  a  barrel  and  a  G.  I.  can, 
Made   a   decooterizer — and   the   damn   things   ran! 

The  next  day  out  came  the  order  from 
the  Personnel  Office.  Each  outfit  in  turn 
must  be  deloused.  Each  man  must  bring 
a  complete  change  of  clothes — if  he  had 
them — otherwise  he  was  to  be  attired  simp- 
ly but  effectively  in  boots  and  slicker.  Not 
only  were  the  men  to  go  through  the  plant, 
but  all  old  blankets,  shirts,  ragged  socks, 
and  breeches,  holes  and  all,  must  try  "Doc 
Spavin's  Cootie  Killing  Success." 


What  a  sight  it  was  to  see  these  soldats 
americains  in  groups  of  twenty,  clothes 
under  arms,  marching  to  the  slaughter, 
fearing  what  might  be  done  to  them  in  or- 
der to  separate  them  from  the  pesky  pests, 
but  with  grim  smiles  of  satisfaction  on 
their  faces  nevertheless. 

"Hey,  Bill,  what  will  you  gimme  for  two 
males  and  an  old  female?" 

"Gee,  soldier,  you  must  have  'em  bad. 
Saw  you  go  through  twice  yesterday.  Try 
a  little  salt  on  their  tails  next  time." 

"Say,  Henry,  how  many  you  got?" 

"Boy-howdy !  Buckoo.  Caught  one 
this  morning  that  had  two  service  stripes 
and  a  wound  chevron." 

On  this  morning  of  Victory  when  Peace 
by  day  and  Rest  by  night  seemed  within 
the  grasp  of  every  betroubled  soldier,  a  Top 
Cutter,  standing  in  front  of  his  outfit,  com- 
manded, "All  men  who  have  cooties,  for- 
ward MARCH !  Bat'ry,  HALT." 

Down  in  the  plant,  what  a  sight !  Clouds 
of  steam  filled  the  room.  Indistinctly  one 
could  see  naked  bodies,  glistening  pink 
from  the  heat,  and  above  all  came  the 
shouts  of  delight  at  the  collective  death  of 
some  particularly  voracious  squadron  of 
pests. 

Listen  to  this  soldier's  farewell  to  his 
personal  bunch  of  free  boarders : 

"Though  I've  chased  you  and  I've  scratched  you, 
By  this  little  egg  that  hatched  you, 
You're  a  damn  good  fighting  bug, 
You  Hunk  o'  Dirt." 

Here  comes  one  buck  private,  fresh  from 
the  steam  bath,  with  nothing  to  hide  his 
nakedness  but  a  slicker  and  a  pair  of 
boots.  He  was  S.  0.  L. — he  had  but  one 
uniform.  Barrels  were  not  to  be  had,  so 
he  braved  the  battery  of  amazed  faces  of 
the  village  demoiselles  to  reach  the  refuge 
of  his  own  billet.  But  he  is  happy.  "Olive 
oil,  monsieur  Cootie,  vous  etes  S.  0.  L. 
vourself  maintenant." 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


93 


BUCK  DUKE  HOWELL 
R.  F.  D.  2,  Kittrell,  N.  C. 
Private,  Headquarters  Company  60th 
Pioneer  Infantry.  Born  August  27,  1896. 
Son  of  J.  Walter  and  Mollie  E.  Howell. 
Entered  service  August  9,  1918,  at  Camp 
Wadsworth,  S.  C.  Honorably  discharged 
January   3,   1919. 


JOHN  PAYTON  HOWELL 
R.  F.  D.  2,  Kittrell,  N.  C. 
Private,  Quartermaster  Corps,  Camp 
Lee,  Va.  Born  February  17,  1890.  Son 
of  J.  Walter  and  Mollie  E.  Howell.  En- 
tered service  June  24,  1918,  at  Camp  Lee, 
Va.     Honorably  discharged   March   6,  1919. 


McKINLEY  REED  HOWELL 
R.  F.  D.  2,  Kittrell,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  G,  119th  Infantry, 
30th  Division.  Born  February  7,  1894. 
Son  of  J.  Walter  and  Mollie  E.  Howell.  En- 
tered service  April  1,  1918,  at  Camp  Jack- 
son, S.  C.  Overseas  ten  months.  Honor- 
ably discharged  April  10,  1919. 


GEORGE  PENN  HUNT 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  C,  Infantry,  S.  A.  T. 
C,  University  of  N.  C,  Chapel  Hill,  N. 
C.  Born  May  6,  1900.  Son  of  Junius  P. 
Hunt.  Entered  service  October  1,  1918, 
at  Chapel  Hill,  N.  C.  Honorably  discharg- 
ed December  10,  1918. 


94 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


The  clothes  cleaning  room  was  a  busy 
place.  Teams  of  four  men  plied  hot  irons 
on  steaming  breeches  and  underclothes, 
straight  from  Doc's  old  G.  I.  can.  The 
great  question  was  how  to  kill  any  cooties 
so  hard  boiled  as  to  have  escaped  death 
from  the  scalding  steam.  One  soldier  sug- 
gested fresh  bait  in  the  shape  of  the  Medico 
Sergeant  who  was  directing  the  work. 
Another  declared  those  old  birds  deserved 
to  live.  But  they  finally  decided  to  put 
over  a  severe  dose  of  hate  to  each  cootie 
by  squeezing  him  with  a  hot  iron. 


Poor  Cootie !  He  tried  hard  to  live.  Into 
a  seam  he  would  bury  himself,  only  to  be 
driven  out  by  the  heat.  Down  a  pocket  he 
would  slip  until  it  got  so  hot  even  a  vet- 
eran like  himself  couldn't  stand  it.  Out 
into  the  open  he  would  come  to  be  met  with 
a  shout  of  ghoulish  delight  and  to  have  his 
life  squashed  out,  "Crunch,"  by  a  quick, 
deft  blow  of  the  flat  iron. 

Finie  la  guerre.     C'est  les  americains ! 
Quoth  the   Cootie,  "Never  more." 

w.  c.  w. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


95 


JUBAL  O.  JONES 
Creedmoor,  N.  C. 
Private,  Third  Company,  Headquarters 
Supply,  42nd  Division.  Born  December 
10,  1894.  Son  of  A.  L.  Jones.  Entered 
service  June  25,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S. 
C.  Honorably  dischai'ged  December  8, 
1918. 


STEPHEN  H.  JONES,  JR. 
Oxford,   N.   C. 

Medical  Sergeant,  Headquarters  Sani- 
tary Detachment,  81st  Division.  Born  at 
Culbreth,  N.  C.  Son  of  Stephen  H. 
Jones.  Entered  service  March  23,  1918. 
at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Promoted  to  rank 
of  Sergeant  August,  1918.  Clerk  for  Med- 
ical Examining  Board  at  Camp  Jackson. 
Honorably   discharged    December   20,    1918. 


WILLIE   T.   JONES 

Creedmoor,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  E,  120th  Infantry, 
30th  Division.  Born  December  18,  1885. 
Son  of  A.  S.  Jones.  Entered  service  Oc- 
tober 6,  1917,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Went  overseas  May  12,  1918.  Wounded  at 
St.  Quentin,  France,  October  16,  191S. 
Honorably    discharged    January    15,    1919. 


HERBERT  JAMES  KNIGHT 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Cook,  Quartermaster  Corps.  Born  Oc- 
tober 27,  1894.  Son  of  Charles  W.  Knight. 
Entered  service  May  25,  1918,  at  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C.  Went  overseas  November 
23,  1918.  Honorably  discharged  Mav  13, 
1919. 


96 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


SAMUEL  LEE  KNOTT 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  1st  class,  322nd  Infantry,  81st 
Division.  Born  April  27,  1896.  Son  of 
Crawford  M.  Knott.  Entered  service  May 
24,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Pro- 
moted to  private,  1st  class,  April  26,  1919. 
Went  overseas  August  20,  1918.  Honor- 
ably   discharged    June    26,    1919. 


THOMAS  J.  KNOTT 
R.  F.  D.  1,  Berea,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  L,  322nd  Infantry, 
81st  Division.  Born  May  27,  1891.  Son 
of  Mrs.  Lizzie  Knott.  Entered  service 
May  24,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Transferred  to  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C.  Honor- 
ably discharged  June  5,   1919. 


AUGUSTUS  LANDIS 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Corporal,  Machine  Gun  Company,  120th 
Infantry,  30th  Division.  Born  December 
19,  1899.  Son  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Chas.  H. 
Landis.  Entered  service  April  23,  1917, 
at  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C.  Promoted  to  rank 
of  Corporal  March  5,  1918.  Went  over- 
seas May  12,  1918.  Honorably  discharged 
April  24,  1919.  One  of  the  youngest  sol- 
diers   from    Granville    County. 


HAMLIN  LANDIS 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  1st  class,  Medical  Department, 
Base  Hospital,  Camp  Humphreys,  Va. 
Born  April  13,  1891.  Son  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Chas.  H.  Landis.  Entered  service  Sep- 
tember 5,  1918,  at  Camp  Humphreys,  Va. 
Honorably  discharged   March   22,   1919. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


97 


MARK  ALEXANDER  LANDIS 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  322nd  Supply  Company,  81st 
Division.  Born  September  25,  1889.  Son 
of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Chas.  H.  Landis.  En- 
tered Service  May  24,  1918,  at  Camp  Jack- 
son, S.  C.  Went  overseas  July  31,  1918. 
Honorably    discharged    June    25,    1919. 


WILLIAM  THORPE  LANDIS 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
First  Lieutenant,  Company  K.  120th 
Infantry,  30th  Division.  Born  May  11, 
1893.  Son  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Chas.  H.  Lan- 
dis. Promoted  to  rank  of  Second  Lieuten- 
ant November  13,  1917,  First  Lieutenant 
February  20,  1919.  Entered  service  July 
27,  1917,  at  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C.  Went 
overseas  May  17,  1918.  Wounded  in  bat- 
tle of  Lankhorf  Farm  September  2,  1918, 
and  Hindenburg  Line  September  29,  1918. 
Honorably  discharged  May  6,  1919. 


JOE  DAVIS  LASSITER 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Sergeant,  Medical  Department,  Port  of 
Embarkation,  Newport  News,  Va.  Born 
June  25,  1892.  Son  of  Robert  W.  and  Let- 
tie  K.  Lassiter.  Entered  service  May  10, 
1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Transferred 
to  Camp  Stuart,  Va.  Honorably  discharg- 
ed March   5,   1919. 


ERIC  AMOS  LATTA 
R.  F.  D.  1,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  L,  321st  .  Infantry, 
81st  Division.  Born  in  Granville  County. 
Son  of  Harvey  Hassel  Latta,  Entered 
service  May  24,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson, 
S.  C.  Went  overseas  July  31,  1918.  Hon- 
orably   discharged    June    28,    1919. 


98 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY  IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


CORRIE  LAWRENCE 
R.  F.  D.  2,  Creedmoor,  N.  C. 
Private,  321st  Ambulance  Company,  81st 
Division.  Born  August  11,  1892.  Son  of 
Leorydon  Lawrence.  Entered  service  May 
25,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Went 
overseas  August  7,  1918.  Honorably  dis- 
charged June  26,  1919. 


OSCAR  L.  LLOYD 
R.  F.  D.  4,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  L,  322nd  Infantry, 
81st  Division.  Born  May  10,  1893.  Son 
of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  S.  T.  Lloyd.  Entered 
service  May  24,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson, 
S.  C.  Went  overseas  August  12,  1918. 
Honorably  discharged  June  25,  1919- 


ARCHIBALD  GREGORY  LEWIS 
Stovall,  N.  C. 
Sergeant,  Company  I,  318th  Infantry, 
80th  Division.  Born  April  13,  1886.  Son 
of  Charles  L.  and  Lucy  G.  Lewis.  Enter- 
ed service  September  18,  1917,  at  Camp 
Lee,  Va.  Promoted  to  Sergeant  Septem- 
ber 18,  1918.  Went  overseas  May  22,  1918. 
Honorably  discharged  June   5,   1919. 


THOMAS  C.  LLOYD 
R.  F.  D.  4,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  1st  class,  Company  A,  30th  Di- 
vision. Born  April  4,  1895.  Son  of  S.  T. 
Lloyd.  Entered  service  September  19, 
1917,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Overseas 
ten  months.  Wounded  at  St.  Souplet, 
France,  October  17,  1918.  Honorably  dis- 
charged  April   7,   1919. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


99 


ARMIE  L.  LONGMIRE 
R.  F.  D.  1,  Franklinton,  N.  C. 
Private,  1st  class,  Company  B,  323rd 
Infantry,  81st  Division.  Born  March  13, 
1896.  Son  of  J.  Y.  Longmire.  Entered 
service  May  24,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson, 
S.  C.  Went  overseas  August  1,  1918. 
Honorably  discharged  June   4,   1919. 


KENNETH  TALMAGE  LUMPKIN 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Corporal,  Company  E,  30th  Division. 
Born  October  2,  1895.  Son  of  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Robert  L.  Lumpkin.  Entered  ser- 
vice October  4,  1917,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S. 
C.  Promoted  to  rank  of  Corporal  Decem- 
ber 15,  1917.  Overseas  11  months.  Wound- 
ed in  battle  of  Bellicourt  September  29, 
1918.  Honorably  discharged  April  17, 
1919. 


BENJAMIN  R.  LYON 
Northside,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  A,  105th  Engineers, 
30th  Division.  Born  January  31,  1893. 
Son  of  Jad  L.  Lyon.  Entered  service 
March  20,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Went  overseas  March  20,  1918.  Wounded 
in  Belgium  on  Flanders'  Front,  August  24, 
1918.  Honorably  discharged  April  18, 
1919. 


WILEY    L.    LYON 

Northside,  N.  C. 
Private,  Medical  Department,  Port  of 
Embarkation,  Newport  News,  Va.  Born 
June  28,  1891.  Son  of  Joel  L.  Lyon.  En- 
tered service  March  20,  1918,  at  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C.  Honorably  discharged  April 
23,  1919. 


100 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


JAMES  E.  MATTHEWS 
R.  F.  D.  2,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
First  Sergeant,  Company  E,  120th  In- 
fantry, 30th  Division.  Born  in  Granville 
County,  1895.  Son  of  L.  A.  Matthews.  En- 
tered service  January  5,  1916,  at  Camp 
Glenn,  N.  C.  Overseas  eleven  months. 
Honorably   discharged   April    18,   1919. 


ZOLLIE    T.   MAY 
R.   F.   D.   2,   Youngsville,   N.   C. 

Private,  Company  D,  3rd  Provisional 
Regiment,  156th  Depot  Brigade.  Born 
April  11,  1897.  Son  of  J.  T."  May.  Enter- 
ed service  August  26,  1918,  at  Camp  Jack- 
son, S.  C.  Honorably  discharged  March 
14,   1919. 


WILLIE  G.  MATTHEWS 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Sergeant,  Company  E,  30th  Division. 
Born  in  1891.  Son  of  L.  A.  Matthews. 
Entered  service  April  28,  1915,  at  Camp 
Glenn.  Promoted  to  rank  of  Sergeant 
December  1,  1918.  Overseas  11  months. 
Wounded  at  battle  of  Bellicourt  Septem- 
ber 29,  1918.  Awarded  distinguished  ser- 
vice cross.  Honorably  discharged  April  18, 
1919. 


JOHN  B.  MAYES,  JR. 
Stem,  N.  C. 
Captain,  Company  D,  120th  Infantry, 
30th  Division.  Born  December  24,  1891. 
Son  of  John  B.  Mayes,  Sr.  Entered  ser- 
vice April  5,  1917,  at  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C. 
Promoted  to  Second  Lieutenant  July  25, 
1917,  First  Lieutenant  November  13,  1917, 
Captain  August  30,  1918.  Went  overseas 
May  12,  1918.  Awarded  Distinguished  Ser- 
vice Medal,  also  British  Military  Cross. 
Honorably  discharged  June  26,  1919. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


101 


BENONAPAUL  MAYES 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  C,  168th  Infantry, 
42nd  Division.  Born  in  1896.  Son  of  W. 
E.  Mayes.  Entered  service  May  24,  1918, 
at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Went  overseas 
August  11,  1918.  Honorablv  discharged 
Mav   9,   1919. 


HENRY  HOYEL  MITCHELL 
Franklinton,  N.  C. 
Private,  Battery  F,  118th  Field  Artil- 
lery, 30th  Division.  Born  September  17, 
1896.  Son  of  J.  H.  Mitchell.  Entered 
service  August  26,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson, 
S.  C.  Went  overseas  October  21,  1918. 
Honorably  discharged  January  14,  1919. 


JOHN  WILLIAM  MEDFORD 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Sergeant-Major,  Headquarters  Company, 
120th  Infantry,  30th  Division.  Born  Feb- 
ruary 25,  1899.  Son  of  Joe  J.  and  Mary 
Medford.  Entered  service  July  10,  1917, 
at  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C.  Went  overseas  May 
12,  1918.  Honorablv  discharged  April  18, 
1919. 


JOHN  GARLICK  MITCHELL 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
First  Sergeant,  Machine  Gun  Company, 
120th  Infantry,  30th  Division.  Born  Jan- 
uary 5,  1898.  Son  of  W.  Z.  Mitchell.  En- 
tered service  July  19,  1916,  at  Camp  Glenn, 
N.  C.  Promoted  to  First  Sergeant  De- 
cember 15,  1918.  Went  overseas  May  12, 
1918.  Honorably  discharged  April  17, 
1919. 


102 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


OLLIE    B.    MITCHELL 

Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Headquarters  Company,  Sani- 
tary Detachment,  20th  Sanitary  Train. 
Born  January  13,  1885.  Son  of  Walter 
B.  Mitchell.  Entered  service  March  20, 
1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Honorably 
discharged    January   26,    1919. 


ROBERT    L.    MORGAN 
R.   F.   D.    1,   Nelson,   Va. 

Private,  Company  E,  11th  Infantry.. 
5th  Division.  Born  in  1892.  Son  of  James 
T.  Morgan.  Entered  service  September 
19,  1917,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Over- 
seas twelve  months.  Wounded  in  St.  Mi- 
hiel  drive  September  12,  1918.  Honorably 
discharged    May    22,    1919. 


CHARLES  HENRY  MORGAN 
R.  F.  D.  1,  Nelson,  Va. 
Private,  Headquarters  Company,  Ma- 
chine Gun  Training  Center,  Camp  Han- 
cock, Ga.  Born  March  26,  1895.  Son  of 
James  T.  Morgan.  Entered  service  Sep- 
tember 27,  1918,  at  Camp  Hancock,  Ga. 
Honorably    discharged    December    28,    1918. 


WILLIAM  WILSON  MORTON 
R.  F.  D.  4,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Captain  (Chaplain),  81st  Division.  Born. 
June  22,  1890.  Son  of  Joseph  W.  and 
Mary  T.  Morton.  Entered  service  Au- 
gust 10,  1917,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Went  overseas  July  5,  1918.  Honorably 
discharged  June  25,   1919. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


103 


FRED  RAGGER  MORRIS 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  4,  156th  Depot  Bri- 
gade, Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Born  in  1893. 
Son  of  Joe  Howard  Morris.  Entered  ser- 
vice May  23,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Transferred  to  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C.  Hon- 
orably   discharged    December    11,    1919. 


JONES  PRYOR  MOSS 
Creedmoor,  N.  C. 
Private,  Medical  Department  lst-2nd-3rd 
Tr.  Battalion,  156th  Depot  Brigade,  20th  Di- 
vision. Born  March  27,  1892.  Son  iof 
L.  P.  Moss.  Entered  service  April  1,  1918, 
at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Honorably  dis- 
charged May  17,  1919. 


HERBERT  S.  MOSS 
Creedmoor,  N.  C. 
Wagoner,  Headquarters  Detachment, 
317th  Machine  Gun  Battalion,  81st  Division. 
Born  December  20,  1894.  Son  of  Samuel 
L.  Moss.  Entered  service  November  19, 
1917,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Promoted  to 
Wagoner  November  28,  1918.  Went  over- 
seas August  11,  1918.  Honorably  dis- 
charged July   1,  1919. 


THOMAS  E.  MOSS 
Creedmoor,  N.  C. 
Corporal,  Company  C,  317th  Machine 
Gun  Battalion,  81st  Division.  Born  No- 
vember 14,  1892.  Son  of  Samuel  L.  Moss. 
Entered  service  October  4,  1917,  at  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C.  Promoted  to  Corporal 
July  11,  1918.  Went  overseas  August  11, 
1918.      Honorably  discharged  July   3,   1919. 


104 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


ALVIS  ALLEN  NELSON 
R.  F.  D.  2,  Virgilina,  Va. 
Private,  Company  E,  322nd  Infantry, 
81st  Division.  Born  November  24,  1897. 
Son  of  J.  H.  Nelson.  Entered  service  May 
29,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Over- 
seas ten  months.  Honorably  discharged 
June  28,   1919. 


LEO  THOMAS  NORWOOD 
Bullock,  N.  C. 
Private,  1st  class,  324th  Ambulance 
Company,  306th  Sanitation  Train,  81st 
Division.  Born  November  5,  1895.  Son 
of  Robert  A.  and  Hattie  Royster  Norwood. 
Entered  service  May  25,  1918,  at  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C.  Went  overseas  August  8, 
1918.  Honorably  discharged  June  29, 
1919. 


ROY  LEE  NOBLIN 
Nelson,  Va. 
Private,  Company  A,  S.  A.  T.  C,  Uni- 
versity of  N.  C.  Born  November  18,  1897. 
Son  of  S.  L.  Noblin.  Entered  service  Oc- 
tober 1,  1918,  at  S.  A.  T.  C,  University  of 
N.  C,  Chapel  Hill,  N.  C.  Honorably  dis- 
charged   December    9,    1918. 


SAMUEL  E.  OAKLEY 
R.  F.  D.  1,  Moriah,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  10,  Infantry,  81st  Di- 
vision. Born  April  17,  1896.  Son  of  An- 
drew L.  Oakley.  Entered  service  March 
20,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Honor- 
ably   discharged    September    20,    1918. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


105 


RUFUS  CARROLL  O'BRIEN 
Stovall,  N.  C. 
Private,  1st  class,  Battery  C,  60th  Field 
Artillery.  Born  June  30,  1896.  Son  of 
R.  H.  O'Brien.  Entered  service  August 
26,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Honor- 
ably  discharged   January   28,   1919. 


ATHIE  L.  OVERTON 
Hester,  N.  C. 
Private,  50th  Company,  Infantry,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C.  Born  April  29,  1895.  Son 
of  M.  S.  Overton.  Entered  service  May 
25,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Honor- 
ably  discharged  July  20,   1919. 


ALBERT  HOOD  PARHAM 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Sergeant,  Company  E,  120th  Infantry, 
3049]  Dvision.  Born  June  15,  1893.  Son 
of  James  L.  Parham.  Entered  service 
July  2,  1917,  at  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C.  Pro- 
moted to  Corporal  August  22,  1917,  Ser- 
geant September  24,  1917.  Went  over- 
seas May  12,  1918.  Attended  Fourth  Ar- 
my Musketry  School,  Norbecourt,  France. 
Candidate  Officers'  Training  School.  Hon- 
orably  discharged    April    18,    1919. 


SAMUEL  SHIELDS  PARHAM 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Wagoner,  Supply  Company  324th  In- 
fantry, 81st  Division.  Born  May  7,  1893. 
Son  of  S.  O.  Parham.  Entered  service 
November  19,  1917,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S. 
C.  Promoted  to  rank  of  Corporal  May, 
1918.  Overseas  August  5,  1918.  Honor- 
ably   discharged   June   24,    1919. 


106 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


WILLIAM  FRED  PARHAM 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Sergeant,  Machine  Gun  Company,  120th 
Infantry,  30th  Division.  Born  October  2, 
1896.  Son  of  William  A.  and  Lula  T.  Par- 
ham.  Entered  service  May  29,  1917,  at 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C.  Went  overseas  May 
17,  1918.  Honorably  discharged  April  17, 
1919. 


FRANK  E.  PARROTT 
R.  F.  D.  1,  Creedmoor,  N.  C. 
Corporal,  Battery  A,  36th  Artillery,  C. 
A.  C.  Born  October  30,  1892.  Son  of  Ed- 
ward B.  and  Mattie  L.  Parrott.  Entered 
service  July  13,  1918,  at  Clemson  College, 
S.  C.  Army  Training  Detachment.  Honor- 
ably  discharged   December  6,   1918. 


FRED  F.  PARRISH 
Stem,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  H,  56th  Pioneer  In- 
fantry. Born  July  8,  1896.  Son  of  Char- 
ley H.  Parrish.  Entered  service  August 
9,  1918,  at  Camp  Wadsworth,  S.  C.  Went 
overseas  September  4,  1918.  Honorably 
discharged  July  6,  1919. 


SAMUEL  T.  PARROTT 
Creedmoor,  N.  C. 
Private,  120th  Infantry,  30th  Division. 
Born  May  1,  1896.  Son  of  Edward  B.  and 
Mattie  L.  Parrott.  Entered  service  Julv 
25,  1917,  at  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C.  Went  ov- 
erseas May  17,  1918.  Honorably  discharg- 
ed April  17,  1919. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


107 


GEORGE  G.  PEACE 
Franklinton,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  H,  323rd  Infantry, 
81st  Division.  Born  1895.  Son  of  Ike 
Peace.  Promoted  April  26,  1918.  Enter- 
ed service  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Honor- 
ably discharged   December  26,   1919. 


JANADIUS  H.  PEARCE 
R.  F.  D.  3,  Youngsville,  N.  C. 
Private,  Battery  B,  3rd  Field  Artillery, 
R.  D.  Born  November  6,  1896.  Entered 
service  August  26,  1918,  at  Camp  Jack- 
son, S.  C.  Honorably  discharged  Decem- 
ber 11,  1918. 


WILLIAM  GRANDY  PEACE 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Colonel,  11th  Field  Artillery.  Bom 
September  21,  1875.  Son  of  Alexander  S. 
Peace.  Entered  service  June  20,  1896  at 
U.  S.  Military  Academy,  West  Point,  N. 
Y.      Went    overseas    December      15,      1917. 


BURNICE  PEED 
Creedmoor,  N.  C. 
Private,  1st  class,  Company  E,  120th 
Infantry,  30th  Division.  Born  October 
30,  1897.  Son  of  A.  W.  Peed.  Entered 
service  July  25,  1917,  at  Camp  Sevier,  S. 
C.  Went  overseas  June  12,  1918.  Wound- 
ed in  battle  of  Hindenburg  Line  Septem- 
ber 29,  1918.  Honorably  discharged  March 
15,   1919. 


108 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


FRED  LEE  PEED 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Wagoner,  324th  Anibulance  Company, 
81st  Division.  Born  July  26,  1891.  Son  of 
Graham  and  Ella  Peed.  Entered  service 
May  24,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Went  overseas  August  7,  1918.  Promoted 
to  Wagoner  August  7,  1918.  Honorably 
discharged  June  29,  1919. 


JAMES  ELMO  PERRY 
R.  F.  D.  2,  Creedmoor,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  E,  120th  Infantry, 
30th  Division.  Born  in  Wake  County,  N. 
C.  Son  of  W.  F.  Perry.  Entered  service 
October  4,  1917,  at  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C. 
Honorably    discharged    February    13,    1918. 


HUGH  FREELAND  PEED 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
First  Sergeant,  11th  Company,  3rd 
Tr.  Bn.,  156th  Depot  Brigade,  20th  Division. 
Born  may  24,  1894.  Son  of  C.  G.  Peed. 
Entered  service  May  24,  1918,  at  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C.  Promoted  to  Sergeant  July 
22,  1918,  First  Sergeant  September  20, 
1918.     Honorably  discharged  June  4,  1919. 


MARSHALL  KERR  PINNIX 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Candidate,  Central  Officers'  Training 
School,  Camp  Lee,  Va.  Born  July  4, 
1888.  Son  of  Marshall  H.  and  Hannah  C. 
Pinnix.  Entered  service  May  25,  1918,  at 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Appointed  corporal 
June  15,  1918.  Transferred  to  C.  O.  T. 
C,  Camp  Lee,  Va.,  August  15,  1918.  Hon- 
orably discharged   November  23,  1918. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


109 


JOHN  B.  PITTARD 
Bullock,  N.  C. 
Private,  Battery  F,  9th  Regiment,  F.  A. 
R.  D.  Born  in  Granville  County.  Son  of 
James  G.  Pittard.  Entered  service  August 
26,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Honor- 
ably   discharged    December    23,    1918. 


WILLIAM  HILL  POWELL 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Sergeant,  Machine  Gun  Company,  120th 
Infantry,  30th  Division.  Born  October 
15,  1898.  Son  of  James  B.  and  Bettie  G. 
Powell.  Entered  service  July  7,  1916,  at 
Camp  Glenn,  N.  C.  Appointed  Corporal 
October  27,  1916,  Sergeant  March  1,  1917. 
Went  overseas  May  12,  1918.  Gassed  at 
Vaux  Andigny,  France,  October  10,  1918. 
Awarded  Distinguished  Service  Cross. 
Honorably  discharged  April  17,  1919.  Dec- 
orated at  Washington,  D.  C,  by  the  Prince 
of  Wales,  on  November  13,  1919,  with 
British    M.    M.    Medal. 


JOHN  EDWARD  PITTARD 
Hester,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  I,  322nd  Infantry, 
81st  Division.  Born  July  26,  1895.  Son 
of  John  C.  and  Nannie  F.  Pittard.  En- 
tered service  May  28,  1918,  at  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C.  Went  overseas  July  31, 
1918.  Honorably  discharged  June  25, 
1919. 


CHARLES  GREGORY  POWELL 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Sergeant,  Machine  Gun  Company,  120th 
Infantry,  30th  Division.  Born  July  7, 
1894.  Son  of  James  B.  and  Bettie  G.  Pow- 
ell. Entered  service  June  25,  1917,  at 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C.  Promoted  to  rank  of 
Sergeant  June  25,  1917.  Went  overseas 
June  4,  1918.  Honorably  discharged  April 
17,  1919. 


110 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


JESSE  L.  PLEASANT 
R.  F.  D.  3,  Youngsville,  N.  C. 
Private,  322nd  Infantry,  81st  Division. 
Born  November  8,  1892.  Son  of  John 
Pleasant.  Entered  service  May  24,  1918, 
at  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C.  Honorably  dis- 
charged March  21,   1919. 


JESSE  CADE  PREDDY 
R.  F.  D.  1,  Franklinton,  N.  C. 
Private,  Battery  C,  60th  Field  Artillery. 
Born  July  20,  1896.  Son  of  Robert  Pred- 
dy.  Entered  service  August  26,  1918,  at 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Honorably  discharged 
January   28,    1919. 


SAM  JONES  PLEASANTS 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Provost  Guard  Company,  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C.  Born  November  22,  1889. 
Son  of  Mrs.  Emma  Pleasants.  Entered 
service  May  25,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson, 
S.  C.  Transferred  to  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C. 
Honorably   discharged   March   21,   1919. 


ROY  PREDDY 
R.  F.  D.  1,  Franklinton,  N.  C. 
Sergeant,  S.  O.  S.  Born  February  8, 
1890.  Son  of  Robert  Preddy.  Entered 
service  November  19,  1917,  at  Camp  Jack- 
son, S.  C.  Promoted  to  Sergeant  June  1, 
1918.  Went  overseas  October  5,  1918. 
Honorably  discharged  July  5,  1919. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


111 


HALLIE  M.  PUCKETT 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  1st  class,  Company  E,  322nd 
Infantry,  81st  Division.  Born  in  1889. 
Son  of  S.  R.  Puckett.  Entered  service 
May  24,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Ov- 
erseas ten  months.  Honorably  discharged 
June  25,  1919. 


LENNIE  THOMAS  PULLIUM 
R.  F.  D.  4,  Roxboro,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  E,  120th  Infantry, 
30th  Division.  Born  July  22,  1900.  Son 
of  James  Pullium.  Entered  service  June 
24,  1916,  at  Camp  Glenn,  N.  C.  Went  ov- 
erseas May  12,  1918.  Honorably  discharg- 
ed April   18,   1919. 


SPURGEON  PUCKETT 
R.  F.  D.  4,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  1st  class,  Company  E.  322nd 
Infantry,  81st  Division.  Born  in  1889. 
Son  of  S.  R.  Puckett.  Entered  service 
May  24,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Overseas  ten  months.  Honorably  discharg- 
ed  June  25,   1919. 


WILLIAM  CORNELIUS  ROBARDS 

Oxford,  N.  C. 
Sergeant,  Company  E,  120th  Infantry, 
30th  Division.  Born  May  2,  1896.  Son  of 
Henry  J.  and  Mary  H.  Robards.  Entered 
service  August  5,  1916,  at  Camp  Glenn, 
N.  C.  Went  overseas  May  12,  1918.  Hon- 
orably   discharged    April    18,    1919. 


112 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


BEVERLY  S.  ROYSTER,  JR. 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Captain,  Battery  A,  113th  Field  Artil- 
lery, 30th  Division.  Born  February  10, 
1895.  Son  of  Beverly  S.  Royster.  Entered 
service  May  12,  1917,  at  Camp  Oglethorpe, 
Ga.  Promoted  to  rank  of  2nd  Lieutenant 
July  20,  1917;  1st  Lieutenant  October  9, 
1917;  Captain  February  4,  1919.  Overseas 
May  8,  1918,  returned  March  19,  1919.  En- 
gagements: Toul  Sector,  St.  Mihiel  Offen- 
sive, Argonne  Forest  Offensive,  Woerve 
Sector,  Woerve  Offensive.  Honorably  dis- 
charged  April    15,   1919. 


BEVERLY  SAMPSON  ROYSTER 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Born  near  Henderson,  N.  C,  January 
17,  1865.  Entered  service  of  the  State 
January  17,  1886,  enlisted  in  Company  E, 
3rd  Infantry.  Promoted  to  rank  of  Cor- 
poral, Sergeant,  1st  Sergeant,  1886-'87-88; 
2nd  Lieutenant,  Company  E,  3rd  Infantry, 
January  21,  1889;  Captain,  Company  E, 
January  19,  1891;  Major,  3rd  Infantry, 
January  25,  1894;  Major  and  Assistant 
Inspector-General,  December  12,  1894;  Col- 
onel and  Inspector-General,  February  19, 
1897;  Brigadier  General  and  Adjutant 
General,  December  1,  1898;  Brigadier  Gen- 
eral and  Adjutant  General,  January  15, 
1901.  Enlisted  in  Company  E,  3rd  Infan- 
try, January  12,  1905;  Brigadier  General, 
commanding  1st  Brigade,  April  1,  1909. 
Placed  on  retired  list  with  rank  of  Major 
General,  June  1,  1916.  Appointed  Acting 
Adjutant  General,  June  27,  1916;  resigned 
September  1,  1917.  Appointed  Adjutant 
General  August  3,  1918. 


ROYALL  H.  ROYSTER 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Second  Lieutenant,  Air  Service.  Born 
September  8,  1896.  Son  of  Gen.  B.  S. 
Royster.  Pilot  in  Air  Service  and  instruc- 
tor in  advanced  flying  and  aeronautics.  At 
camp  eighteen  months.  Entered  service 
July  25,  1917.  Honorably  discharged  Jan- 
uary 8,  1919. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


113 


EARL  C.  ROBERTS 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Sergeant,  Company  E,  120th  Infantry, 
30th  Division.  Born  December  2,  1892. 
Son  of  Mrs.  Mary  Roberts.  Entered  ser- 
vice October  3,  1917,  at  Camp  Jackson, 
S.  C.  Went  overseas  May  12,  1918.  Pro- 
moted to  Sergeant  November  15,  1918. 
Honorably   discharged    April    18,    1919. 


EMMITT   B.   SHERRON 

Youngsville,  N.  C. 
Private,  306th  Ammunition  Train,  81st 
Division.  Born  March  20,  1894.  Son  of 
John  M.  Sherron.  Entered  service  April 
2G,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Went 
overseas  July  31,  1918.  Wounded  carry- 
ing ammunition  to  the  front,  November 
8,  1918.  Honorably  discharged  March  8, 
1919. 


AUGUSTUS  G.  ROYCROFT 
Northside,  N.  C. 
Corporal,  Company  E,  322nd  Infantry, 
81st  Division.  Born  April  22,  1890.  Son 
of  John  R.  Roycroft.  Entered  service  May 
24,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Went 
overseas  July  31,  1918.  Promoted  to  Cor- 
poral February  15,  1919.  Honorably  dis- 
charged June  25,  1919. 


JOHN  LEDFORD  SIZEMORE 
R.  F.  D.  3,  Clarksville,  Va. 
Private,  Company  F,  166th  Infantry, 
42nd  Division.  Born  January  22,  1888. 
Son  of  L.  S.  and  Emma  Sizemore.  Enter- 
ed service  May  24,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson, 
S.  C.  Went  overseas  July  30,  1918.  Hon- 
orably   discharged    May    11,    1919. 


H-R-1I! 


114 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


CLIFTON  SLAUGHTER 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Chief  Mechanic,  Battery  F,  316th  Field 
Artillery,  81st  Division.  Born  July  25, 
1888.  Son  of  J.  M.  Slaughter.  Entered 
service  April  1,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S. 
C.  Went  overseas  August  5,  1918.  Pro- 
moted to  Chief  Mechanic  November  19, 
1918.     Honorably  discharged  June  17,  1919. 


JAMES  I.  STEAGALL 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Captain,  Company  E,  120th  Infantry, 
30th  Division.  Born  May  2,  1882.  Son 
of  I.  H.  Steagall.  Entered  service  March 
7,  1898,  at  Oxford,  N.  C.  Went  overseas 
May  12,  1918.  Returned  to  U.  S.  as  In- 
structor August  10,  1918.  Honorably  dis- 
charged  January    31,    1919. 


THADDEUS  GARLAND  STEM 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Major,  commanding  1st  Battalion,  113th  Field  Artillery,  30th  Division.  Born  in 
Granville  County  near  Stem.  Son  of  John  H.  Stem.  Entered  service  for  World  War 
August  5,  1917,  at  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C,  but  had  served,  previous  to  this  date,  several 
years  in  North  Carolina  National  Guard.  Overseas  nine  months.  Enlisted  in  E 
Company,  N.  C.  N.  G.,  February,  1908;  was  later  promoted  to  1st  Lieutenant,  then  to 
rank  of  Captain.  Resigned  January,  1914.  In  June,  1916,  offered  services  for  Mexi- 
can border;  accepted  and  given  rank  of  Captain.  Commanded  Machine  Gun  Com- 
pany, 3rd  N.  C.  N.  G.,  at  El  Paso,  Texas.  Transferred  to  Artillery  and  given  rank 
of  Major  July  13,  1917.     Honorably  discharged  April  15,  1919. 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


115 


CHARLES    B.    STRICKLAND 
Oxford,  N.  C. 

Private,  1st  class,  Company  C,  29th  En- 
gineers, attached  to  1st  Army,  A.  E.  F. 
Born  August  13,  1894.  Son  of  William 
N.  Strickland,  Sr.  Entered  service  March 
9,  1918,  at  Fort  Slocum,  N.  Y.  Went  ov- 
erseas June  21,  1918.  Wounded  in  batt'e 
of  St.  Mihiel,  France,  September  17,  1918. 
Honorably   discharged    March    22,   1919. 


BERTRAM  T.  STROTHER 
R.  F.  D.  1,  Franklinton,  N.  C. 
Private,  Sanitary  Detachment,  120th 
Infantry,  30th  Division.  Born  in  Gran- 
ville County.  Son  of  R.  E.  Strother.  En- 
tered service  October  4,  1917,  at  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C.  Went  overseas  June  5, 
1918.  Honorably  discharged  April  17, 
1919. 


CHARLES  C.  STALEY 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Corporal,  Company  E,  120th  Infantry, 
30th  Division.  Born  in  Wilkes  County. 
Son  of  R.  M.  and  Mary  P.  Staley.  Enter- 
ed service  September  30,  1914,  at  Oxford, 
N.  C.  Received  training  at  Camp  Sevier, 
S.  C.  Went  overseas  May  12,  1918.  Wound- 
ed in  battle  of  Bellicourt,  France,  Septem- 
ber 29,  1918.  Honorably  discharged  April 
18,  1919. 


LUTHER  P.  STROUD 
R.  F.  D.  1,  Hester,  N.  C. 
Private,  1st  class,  Company  E,  322nd 
Infantry,  81st  Division.  Born  October  10, 
1895.  Son  of  Dolphus  and  Lenas  Bell 
Stroud.  Entered  service  May  25,  1918,  at 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Went  overseas  Au- 
gust 11,  1918.  Promoted  to  private,  1st 
class,  January  1,  1919.  Honorably  dis- 
charged   June    26,    1919. 


116 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


ALBERT  H.  TAYLOR 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Sergeant,  Company  E,  120th  Infantry, 
30th  Division.  Born  February  11,  1889. 
Son  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  W.  R.  Taylor.  En- 
tered service  September  1,  1917,  at  Camp 
Sevier,  S.  C.  Promoted  to  Sergeant  Septem- 
ber 3,  1917.  Went  overseas  May  27,  1918. 
Cited  for  bravery  at  Bellicourt,  France, 
September  29,  1918.  Honorably  discharg- 
ed April   19,   1919. 


CHARLES  ARCHIBALD  TAYLOR 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Regimental  Supply  Sergeant,  321st  In- 
fantry, 81st  Division.  Born  October  28, 
1886.  Son  of  J.  Arch  and  Maria  L.  Tay- 
lor. Entered  service  September  10,  1917, 
at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Transferred  to 
Camp  Upton,  N.  Y.  Went  overseas  July 
30,  1918.  Honorably  discharged  June  27, 
1919. 


C.  BUXTON  TAYLOR 
R.  F.  D.  1,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Candidate,  18th  Training  Battery, 
Field  Artillery,  Central  Officers'  Training 
School.  Born  April  1,  1895.  Son  of  Thom- 
as G.  and  Mildred  K.  Taylor.  Entered 
service  June  25,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson, 
S.  C.  Promoted  to  Candidate  August  15, 
1918.  Honorably  discharged  November  29, 
1918. 


HENRY  LINDSEY  TAYLOR 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Sergeant,  Machine  Gun  Company,  120th 
Infantry,  30th  Division.  Born  August  15, 
1896.  Son  of  J.  Arch  and  Maria  L.  Tay- 
lor. Entered  service  April  23,  1917,  at 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C.  Went  overseas  May 
17,  1918.  Cited  for  bravery  October  19, 
1918,  at  Mazingham,  France.  Honorably 
discharged   April    17,   1919. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


117 


JAMES    ALEXANDER    TAYLOR 
Oxford,   N.   C. 

First  Lieutenant,  Headquarters  Com- 
pany, 120th  Infantry,  30th  Division.  Born 
July  1,  1893.  Son  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  R.  P. 
Taylor.  Entered  service  May  14,  1917,  at 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C.  Promoted  to  First 
Lieutenant  December  15,  1917.  Went  over- 
seas May  18,  1918.  Honorably  discharged 
May  3,  1919. 


JOSEPH  WHITE  TAYLOR 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  A,  Infantry,  Stu- 
dents' Army  Training  Corps,  University  of 
North  Carolina,  Chapel  Hill,  N.  C.  Enter- 
ed service  October  15,  1918,  at  Chapel 
Hill,  N.  C.  Honorably  discharged  Decem- 
ber 9,   1918. 


ROBERT  KENNON  TAYLOR 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  E,  54th  Infantry 
(Regulars),  6th  Division.  Born  March  8, 
1895.  Son  of  J.  Arch  and  Maria  L.  Tay- 
lor. Entered  service  May  10,  1918,  at 
Camp  Wadsworth,  S.  C.  Went  overseas 
July  6,  1918.  Honorably  discharged  July 
20,   1919. 


GEORGE  NORFLEET  THOMAS 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Second  Lieutenant,  U.  S.  Resei-ves. 
Born  October  5,  1896.  Son  of  John  Nor- 
fleet  and  Florrie  Cook  Thomas.  Entered 
service  June  14,  1917,  at  U.  S.  Military 
Academy,  West  Point, 
discharged  from  U.  S. 
21,  1917.  Entered  service  again  Septem- 
ber 7,  1918,  at  Camp  Greene,  N.  C.  Pro- 
moted to  Second  Lieutenant  February  28, 
1919. 


N.    Y.      Honorably 
M.    A.    September 


118 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


LAWRENCE  THOMAS 
Stem,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  C,  First  Regiment, 
Field  Artillery,  R.  D.  Born  in  Granville 
County.  Son  of  J.  J.  Thomas.  Entered 
service  August  26,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson, 
S.  C.  Honorably  discharged  December  14, 
1918. 


WALTER   H.   THOMAS 
Stem,  N.  C. 

Private,  Company  G,  323rd  Infantry, 
81st  Division.  Born  in  Wilson  County. 
Son  of  J.  J.  Thomas.  Entered  service  No- 
vember 19,  1917,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Honorably    discharged    March    22,    1919. 


HUNTER  M.  THOMASSON 
Stem,  N.  C. 
Private,  Battery  C,  60th  Field  Artillery, 
Born  May  23,  1897.  Son  of  F.  M.  Thom- 
asson.  Entered  service  August  26,  1918, 
at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Honorably  dis- 
charged  January   21,    1919. 


JAMES  M.  THOMASSON 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Infantry,  Depot  Brigade,  Camp 
Holabird,  Md.  Born  June  16,  1892.  Son 
of  James  J.  Thomasson.  Entered  service 
August  5,  1918,  at  Camp  Holabird,  Md. 
Honorably   discharged    March    10,    1919. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


119 


LOUIS  THORPE,  JR. 
Berea,  N.  C. 
Sergeant,  Company  E,  120th  Infantry, 
30th  Division.  Born  November  4,  1895. 
Son  of  Louis  and  Pauline  Thorpe.  Entered 
service  September  16,  1912,  at  Camp 
Glenn,  N.  C.  Promoted  to  Sergeant  July 
27,  1917.  Went  overseas  May  12,  1918. 
Wounded  in  Battle  of  Bellicourt,  France, 
September  29,  1918.  Honorably  discharg- 
ed July  3,  1919. 


CHARLIE  MORTON  TILLOTSON 
R.  F.  D.  7,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  G,  166th  Infantry, 
42nd  Division.  Born  July  7,  1896.  Son 
of  W.  H.  Tillotson.  Entered  service  Sep- 
tember 17,  1917,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Went  overseas  July  31,  1918.  Honorably 
discharged   May   14,    1919. 


ROBERT  L.  TINGEN 
R.  F.  D.  1,  Stovall,  N.  C. 
Private,  Battery  E,  13th  Regiment,  F. 
A.  R.  D.  Born  May  9,  1897.  Son  of  J.  G. 
Tingen.  Entered  service  August  26,  1918, 
at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Honorably  dis- 
charged   December    20,    1918. 


NATHAN  ('.  TURNER 
R.  F.  D.  1,  Franklinton,  N.  C. 
Sergeant,  Company  E,  306th  Ammuni- 
tion Train,  81st  Division.  Born  October 
31,  1893.  Son  of  P.  H.  and  Bettie  P.  Tur- 
ner. Entered  service  November  12,  1917, 
at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Went  overseas 
August  8,  1918.  Honorably  discharged 
July  21,  1919. 


120 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


GEORGE  TAYLOR  TUXSTALL 
Oxford,  X.  C. 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  Secretary.  Born  in  Vance  County  September  15,  1885.  Son  of  James 
Alexander  and  Virginia  Currin  Tunstall.  Pastor  of  Enon,  Hester,  Tabb's  Creek  and 
Bullock  Baptist  churches.  Entered  service  August  29,  1918.  Sailed  for  France  Sep- 
tember 10,  1918.  Attached  to  17th  Field  Artillery,  2nd  Division.  With  Army  of  Oc- 
cupation at  Coblenz,  Germany.  Joined  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  at  Xew  York,  X.  Y.  Highly 
commended  by  Marshal  Foch,  General  Pershing,  Marshal  Petain,  the  Secretary  of 
War,  the  Secretary  of  the  Xavy,  Admiral  Benson  and  other  high  officials. 


ROY   S.   UMSTEAD 

Stem,  X.  C. 
Private,  Company  F,  322nd  Infantry, 
81st  Division.  Born  January  20,  1892. 
Son  of  Wiley  L.  Umstead.  Entered  ser- 
vice June  25,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Went  overseas  August  1,  1918.  Honorably 
discharged   April    12,    1919. 


LUTHER  MARTIX  VAUGHAX 
R.  F.  D.  1,  Xelson,  Va. 
Private,  Infantry,  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Born  June  12,  1894.  Son  of  Martin 
Vaughan.  Entered  service  Xovember  12, 
1917,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Honorably 
discharged  June  10,  1919.  Re-enlisted 
June  11,  1919. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


121 


ROY  C.  VAUGHAN 
Bullock,  X.  C. 
Private,  1st  class,  Company  E,  322nd 
Infantry,  81st  Division.  Born  July  22, 
1886.  Son  of  J.  J.  Vaughan.  Entered 
service  May  25,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson, 
S.  C.  Promoted  to  private,  1st  class,  Oc- 
tober 1,  1918.  Went  overseas  July  31, 
1918.     Honorably  discharged  June  25,  1919. 


ALEXANDER  H.  VEAZEY 
Creedmoor,  X.  C. 
Private,  Headquarters  Troop,  81st  Di- 
vision. Born  January  19,  1895.  Son  of 
W.  A.  Veazey.  Entered  service  Xovember 
19,  1917.  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Over- 
seas ten  months.  Honorably  discharged 
June   23,   1919. 

H-R-14 


COLEMAN  B.  VEAZEY 
Creedmoor,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  A,  Infantry,  Stu- 
dents' Army  Training  Corps,  Elon  College, 
N.  C.  Born  May  16",  1899.  Son  of  F.  J. 
Veazey.  Entered  service  October  25,  1918, 
at  Elon  College,  N.  C.  Honorably  dis- 
charged December  11,  1918. 


ROY  J.  WALKER 
Stem,  N.  C. 
Private,  1st  class,  Company  M,  23rd  In- 
fantrv,  2nd  Division.  Born  January  17, 
1890.  Son  of  W.  H.  Walker.  Entered  ser- 
vice November  19,  1917,  at  Camp  Jack- 
son, S.  C.  Went  overseas  March  12,  1918. 
Wounded  in  battle  of  Chateau  Thierry, 
France,  June  14,  1918.  Promoted  to  pri- 
vate, 1st  class,  May  1,  1919.  Honorably 
discharged   August  16,   1919. 


122 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


WILLIS  ROBERT  WALKER 
Creedmoor,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  A,  324th  Infantry, 
Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Born  in  1888.  Son 
of  W.  J.  Walker.  Entered  service  No- 
vember 20,  1917,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Honorably    discharged    February   20,    1918. 


WILLIAM  DEVIX  WEBB 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Students'  Army  Training  Corps, 
University  of  N.  C,  Chapel  Hill,  N.  C. 
Born  September  4,  1900.  Son  of  John  and 
Anna  Devin  Webb.  Entered  service  Sep- 
tember 30,  1918,  at  Chapel  Hill,  N.  C. 
Honorably    discharged    December    15,    1918. 


JAMES  JENNINGS  WALTERS 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Sergeant,  Company  E,  120th  Infantry, 
30th  Division.  Born  November  2,  1895. 
Son  of  Conrad  and  Loretta  V.  Walters. 
Entered  service  April  16,  1917,  at  Camp 
Sevier,  S.  C.  Promoted  to  Corporal  Au- 
gust 10,  1917,  Sergeant  August  15,  1918. 
Went  overseas  May  12,  1918.  Honorably 
discharged  April  18,  1919.  Clerk  Company 
E,  120th   Infantry. 


GUY  T.  WHEELER 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  1st  class,  Company  C,  105th 
Supply  Train,  30th  Division.  Born  Au- 
gust 7,  1896.  Son  of  S.  M.  Wheeler.  En- 
tered service  August  22,  1916,  at  Camp 
Glenn,  N.  C.  Went  overseas  June  24, 
1918.  Honorably  discharged  April  14, 
1919. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


123 


KELLEY  B.  WHEELER 
East  Durham,  N.  C. 
Private,  M.  D.  Department,  30th  Divis- 
ion. Born  in  Granville  County.  Son  of 
T.  B.  and  Delia  Wheeler.  Entered  ser- 
vice April  1,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Overseas  May  11,  1918.  Transferred  from 
Company  E,  119th  Infantry,  to  Medical 
Department,  119th  Regiment  May  6,  1918. 
Honorably   discharged   April    8,    1919. 


JAMES  A.  WILKINS 
R.  F.  D.  7,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  1st  class,  Company  F,  322nd 
Infantry,  81st  Division.  Born  January 
28,  1895.  Son  of  Charlie  Wilkins.  Enter- 
ed service  May  24,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson, 
S.  C.  Overseas  eleven  months.  Honor- 
ably discharged  June  25,  1919. 


FRED  C.  WILKINS 
Stem,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  F,  322nd  Infantry, 
81st  Division.  Born  May  9,  1893.  Son  of 
A.  S.  Wilkins.  Entered  service  May  24, 
1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Went  over- 
seas July  18,  1918.  Honorably  discharged 
July   7,    1919. 


THOMAS  B.  WILLIAMS 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  1st  class,  Medical  Detachment, 
119th  Infantry,  30th  Division.  Born  Oc- 
tober 30,  1892.  Son  of  J.  L.  Williams. 
Entered  service  April  1,  1918,  at  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C.  Went  overseas  May  11, 
1918.     Honorably  discharged  April  8,  1919. 


124 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


WILLIAM  ROY  WILLIFORD 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Sergeant,  Company  E,  120th  Infantry, 
30th  Division.  Born  in  Granville  County. 
Son  of  Andrew  Williford.  Entered  ser- 
vice August  1,  1913,  at  Camp  Glenn,  N. 
C.  Promoted  to  Sergeant  May  1,  1917. 
Went  overseas  May  12,  1918.  Wounded 
while  advancing  on  Hindenburg  Line,  and 
right  thigh  had  to  be  amputated  five  inches 
above  the  knee. 


CHARLES   JULIAN    WILSON 
Stovall,   N.    C. 
Enlisted    in    Company    C,    Virgina    Coast 
Artillery,  in   Richmond,  Va.,   November  23, 

1917.  Assigned   to   active   service      May   1, 

1918,  and  sent  to  Fort  Monroe,  Va.  Or- 
dered to  Sparrow's  Point,  Md.,  for  inter- 
nal guard  duty  June  21,  1918.  Transfer- 
red to  Camp  Meade,  Md.,  November  20, 
1918,  and  placed  in  Battery  C,  35th  Regi- 
ment Coast  Artillery.  Honorably  dis- 
charged December  5,  1918. 


GRAHAM  J.  W.  WILSON 
Creedmoor,  N.  C. 
Private,  Provost  Guards,  Camp  Jackson, 
S.  C.  Born  February  22,  1895.  Son  of 
J.  W.  Wilson.  Entered  service  May  24, 
1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Honorably 
discharged   March  21,   1919. 


ROBERT  BENTLEY  WILSON 
Stovall,  N.  C. 
Volunteered  at  Covington,  Ky.,  October, 
1917,  being  under  weight  he  failed  to  pass 
the  physical  examination.  He  was  drafted 
January  18,  1918,  and  assigned  to  Fort 
Barrancas,  Fla.  Promoted  to  rank  of 
Sergeant  July  1,  1918,  to  Supply  Sergeant 
July  11,  1918.  Transferred  to  Fort  Mon- 
roe, October,  1918.  Received  commission 
as  2nd  Lieutenant,  Coast  Artillery,  O.  R. 
C,  January   16,   1919. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


125 


WILLIAM  E.  WINTERS 
Stem,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  F,  322nd  Infantry, 
81st  Division.  Born  February  23,  1896. 
Son  of  William  Thomas  Winters.  Enter- 
ed service  May  24,  1918,  at  Camp  Jack- 
son, S.  C.  Went  overseas  July  31,  1918. 
Honorably    discharged    June   25,    1919. 


GEORGE  L.  WRIGHT 
Virgilina,  Va. 
Private,  Battery  C,  60th  Field  Artillery, 
60th  Regulars.  Born  June  10,  1894.  Son 
of  G.  W.  Wright.  Entered  service  May 
24,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Honor- 
ably   discharged    January    25,    1919. 


CHARLES  T.  WOMBLE 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Corporal,  Company  E,  120th  Infantry, 
30th  Division.  Born  August  21,  1898.  Son 
of  M.  S.  and  Edna  Womble.  Entered 
service  July  25,  1917,  at  Camp  Sevier,  S. 
C.  Went  overseas  May  12,  1918.  Honor- 
ably discharged  April  18,  1919. 


ROBERT    A.   YANCEY 

R.  F.  D.  2,  Virgilina,  Va. 
Private,  Company  C,  First  Regiment, 
Field  Artillery.  Born  in  Granville  Coun- 
ty. Son  of  A.  J.  Yancey.  Entered  ser- 
vice August  2,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S. 
C.  Honorably  discharged  February  15, 
1919. 


126 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


ELMOS    BECK 

Northside,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  E,  81st  Division.  Son 
of  F.  P.  Beck.  Born  in  1892.  Entered 
service  May  25,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S. 
C.  Went  overseas  August  12,  1918.  Pro- 
moted to  Private,  1st  class,  while  in 
France.  Honorably  discharged  June  25, 
1919. 


PARROTT  B.  HARDEE 
Stem,  N.  C. 
Private,  320th  Ambulance  Corps,  80th 
Division.  Son  of  Dr.  P.  R.  Hardee.  En- 
tered service  May  5,  1919,  at  Camp  Lee, 
Va.  Overseas  from  May  27,  1918,  to  May 
31,  1919.  Engaged  in  battles  of  Artois 
Sector,  St.  Mihiel  and  Meuse-Argonne  of- 
fensives. Honorably  discharged  June  16, 
1919. 


JERMIE  L.  CHANDLER 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Infantry,  42nd  Division.  Born 
February  6,  1917.  Son  of  J.  T.  Chandler. 
Entered  service  August  6,  1918,  at  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C.  Overseas  seven  months. 
Honorably  discharged  May  28,  1919. 


MARVIN  F.  MOORE 
Stem,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  B,  3rd  E.  T.  R.     Born 
1887.     Son   of  H.   F.   Moore.     Entered  ser- 
vice September  5,  1918,  at  Humphreys,  Va. 
Honorably   discharged   January   4,   1919. 


LUTHER  C.   CRITCHER 

Oxford,  N.  C. 
Second  Lieutenant,  Company  L,  322nd 
Regulars,  81st  Division.  Born  January 
15,  1894.  Son  of  C.  M.  Critcher.  Enter- 
ed service  June  19,  1914,  at  Camp  Glenn, 
N.  C.  Trained  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Promoted  to  Second  Lieutenant  August  15, 
1917.  Honorablv  discharged  Januai-y  27, 
1918. 


CLINE  C.  MOSER 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Mounted  Orderly,  Headquarters  Com- 
pany, 120th  Infantry,  30th  Division.  Born 
September  12,  1899.  Son  of  William  M. 
Moser.  Entered  service  July  25,  1917,  at 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C.  Overseas  seven 
months.  Honorably  discharged  April  16, 
1919. 


JAMES  M.  ELLINGTON 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
First  Lieutenant,  Company  E,  120th  In- 
fantry, 30th  Division.  Born  February  1, 
1892.  Son  of  J.  M.  Ellington,  Sr.  Entered 
service  June  28,  1908,  at  Camp  Glenn,  N. 
C.  Trained  at  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C.  Pro- 
moted   to    Second    Lieutenant    December    4, 

1917,  First  Lieutenant  August  22,  1918. 
Went  overseas  June  1,  1918.  Wounded  in 
battle  of  Bellicourt,  France,  September  29, 

1918.  Awarded  Distinguished  Service 
Cross.  Honorablv  discharged  May  13, 
1919. 


CARLTON  PATRICK  O'BRIEN 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Second  Company,  Motor  Trans- 
port Corps.  Born  in  Granville  County. 
Son  of  William  O'Brien.  Entered  service 
August  30,  1918,  at  Camp  Greene,  N.  C. 
Honorably  discharged  February  10,  1919. 


MARVIN  ANDREW  GOODE 
Virgilina,  Va. 
Corporal,  M.  T.  D.,  Machine  Gun  Train- 
ing Center,  Camp  Hancock,  Ga.  Born  Mav 
19,  1891.  Son  of  J.  W.  and  Rebecca  Jane 
Goode.  Entered  service  July  22,  1918,  at 
Camp  Hancock,  Ga.  Promoted  to  Cor- 
poral September  19,  1918.  Machine  Gun 
Instructor.  Honorablv  discharged  Decem- 
ber 20,  1918. 


HENRY  A.  TAYLOR 
R.  F.  D.  2,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Sergeant,  319th  Ambulance  Company, 
305th  Sanitary  Train,  80th  Division.  Born 
August  16,  1885.  Son  of  Thomas  G.  and 
Mildred  Kennon  Taylor.  Entered  service 
September  25,  1917,  at  Camp  Lee,  Va. 
Promoted  to  Sergeant  November  1,  1917. 
Went  overseas  May  25,  1918.  Honorably 
discharged  June   9,   1919. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


127 


GEORGE   LYNCH   TILLERY 

Wilmington,  N.  C. 
Regiment  Sergeant-Major,  Transporta- 
tion Corps  at  Large,  15th  Grand  Division 
Transportation  Corps.  Born  at  Weldon, 
N.  C,  June  12,  1888.  Son  of  Lynn  Boyd 
and  Magdalene  Lynch  Tillery.  Entered 
service  April  13,  1918,  at  Camp  Laurel,  Md. 
Promoted  to  rank  of  Regiment  Sergeant- 
Major  May"  25,  1918,  Second  Lieutenant 
August  11,  1919.  Overseas  July  1,  1918. 
Recommended  for  citation  and  award  of 
Distinguished  Service  Medal.  Honorably 
discharged   June   18,   1919. 


CHARLIE   H. 

Oxford,   N. 

Sergeant,    Company   E, 

30th   Division.     Born    in 

Son   of  Herman    P.   Volz. 

June   28,   1916,   at      Camp 


VOLZ 

C. 

120th      Infantry, 

Petersburg,     Va. 

Entered   service 

Glenn,      N.      C. 


Trained  at  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C.  Went  over- 
seas May  12,  1918.  Wounded  in  battle  of 
Bellicourt,  France,  September  29,  1918. 
Honorably   discharged    April    18,    1919. 


LUTHER  W.  UMSTEAD 
Stem,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  A,  Infantry,  Students' 
Army  Training  Corps,  University  of  North 
Carolina,  Chapel  Hill,  N.  C.  Born  Sep- 
tember 28,  1897.  Son  of  Willie  L.  Urn- 
stead.  Entered  service  October  1,  1918, 
at  Chapel  Hill,  N.  C.  Honorably  dis- 
charged December  10,  1918. 


JOHN   MEADOWS   WOOD 
Oxford,   N.   C, 

Sergeant,  Company  I,  322nd  Infantry, 
81st  Division.  Born  in  Granville  County. 
Son  of  W.  T.  Wood.  Entered  service  Sep- 
tember 19,  1917,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C. 
Went  overseas  August  1,  1918.  Promoted 
to  Sergeant  July  10,  1918.  Honorably  dis- 
charged  June   25,    1919. 


THE   FURY  OF   BATTLE   LEAVES  ITS  MARK 


128 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


'If  you  want  to  see  me  grin,  you  need  only  tuck  me  in 

Some  corner  of  the   U.   S.   A. 
I  would  swap  the  Cote  dee  Or,  if  I  owned  that  country,  for 

Just  a  corner  in  the  U.  S.  A." 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR  129 


DISTINGUISHED  SERVICE   CROSS 
U.  S.  A. 

AWARDED  TO 

Lieut.  James  M.  Ellington 
Oxford,  N.  C. 

Corp.  John  B.  Fowler 
Creedmoor,  N.  C. 

Sergt.  Graham  Waverly  Harris 
Oxford,  N.  C. 

Sergt.  Willie  G.  Matthews 
Oxford,  N.  C. 

Capt.  John  B.  Mayes,  Jr. 
Stem,  N.  C 

Sergt.  William  Hill  Powell 
Oxford,  N.  C 

Sergt.  Albert  H.  Taylor 
Oxford,  N.  C. 

Sergt.  Henry  Lindsey  Taylor 
Oxford,  N.  C. 

Lieut.  George  Lynch  Tillery 
Wilmington,  N.  C. 


130 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


BRITISH  MILITARY  CROSS 
England 


LEGION   OF    HOXOR   MEDAL 
France 


AWARDED  TO 


CAPTAIN  JOHN  B.  MAYES,  JR. 

Company  D,  120th  Infantry 

Stem,  N.  C. 

In  the  attack  on  the  Hindenburg  Line  near  Bellicourt,  29th  September,  1918,  this 
officer,  with  his  Company  Headquarters,  nine  in  number,  moved  forward  during  the 
smoke  and  heavy  fog  to  the  canal  at  the  entrance  to  the  Bellicourt  Tunnel.  Upon 
arriving  there  he  found  that  the  platoon,  which  had  been  detailed  to  dispose  of  the 
enemy  in  the  dugouts  along  the  canal  banks,  had  not  arrived.  Realizing  the  serious- 
ness of  the  situation,  he  at  once  made  preparation  to  undertake  the  work  himself,  and 
with  these  nine  men  properly  distributed,  successfully  captured  242  of  the  enemy, 
which  he  sent  back  with  a  detail  while  he  and  four  remaining  men  held  the  tunnel 
from  hostile  detachments  until  relief  came  forward.  Only  by  their  initiative  was  this 
officer  and  his  men  able  to  cope  with  their  unexpected  situation.  Their  conduct  ably 
adds  to  the  gallant  record  of  their  organization  already  established. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR  131 


To  the  Memory  of  our  Honored  Dead 


A   REQUIEM 

Sleep,    gallant    soldiers,    sleep! 

For  you   the   conflict's   o'er; 
The  clash  of  clanging  arms 

Can   pain   your  ears  no  more. 

Sleep,    cherished    soldiers,    sleep! 

We   hold   your   memory   dear, 
Tho'   o'er   your   distant   graves, 

We  may  not  shed  a  tear. 

Sleep,  patriot  soldiers,  sleep! 

Your   country  guards   your   fame, 
And   safely   will   she  hold 

Each   dear   and   honored   name. 

Elizabeth  C.  Jordan. 


132 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


FREDERICK    LILLIAN    CLARK 
Oxford,    N.    C. 
Mechanic,    Company    E,    120th    Infantry, 
30th  Division.     Born     January     18,     1894. 
Son  of  James  Edward  and  Lelia  C.  Clark. 
Entered  service  June  15,   1914,  at  Oxford, 
N.   C.     Trained  at   Camp     Sevier,     S.     C. 
Went   overseas   May   12,   1918.     Killed   at 
battle  of  Bellicourt,  France,  September  29, 
1918. 


HARVEY  LEE  CURRIN 
R.  F.  D.  4,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Corporal,  Company  I,  4th  Provision 
Regiment,  156th  Depot  Brigade.  Born 
April  26,  1896.  Son  of  J.  P.  and  Bettie 
J.  Currin.  Entered  service  May  25,  1918, 
at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  transferred  to 
Camp  Sevier,  S.  C.  Promoted  to  rank  of 
Corporal  September  5,  1918.  Died  at 
Camp   Sevier,   S.   C,   October  14,  1918. 


BENNIE  A.  EAKES 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  E,  120th  Infantry, 
30th  Division.  Born  August  30,  1893.  Son 
of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  W.  T.  Eakes.  Entered 
service  October  4,  1917,  at  Camp  Jackson, 
S.  C.  Overseas  May  12,  1918.  Wounded 
at  battle  of  Bellicourt  September  29,  1918. 
Died  September  30,  1918,  at  Herbecourt, 
Somme,   France. 


OTIS  B.  FOGLEMAN 
Rock  Creek,  N.  C. 
Cook,  Company  E,  120th  Infantry,  30th 
Division.  Born  January  8,  1894.  Son  of 
Gurney  and  Sarah  Jane  Fogleman.  En- 
tered service  October  4,  1917,  at  Camp 
Jackson,  S.  C.  Went  overseas  May  12, 
1918.  Killed  near  Bellicourt,  France,  Sep- 
tember 29,  1918. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


133 


ERNEST  FLEETWOOD  HART 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Corporal,  Company  B,  2nd  Field  Battal- 
ion Supply.  Born  in  Granville  County. 
Son  of  D.  W.  Hart.  Entered  U.  S.  Regu- 
lar Army  in  1914.  Killed  at  Gordre  Court, 
France,  October  1,  1917.  The  first  man 
from  Granville  county  to  make  the  supreme 
sacrifice. 


IVAN  SIDONIA  MAYES 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Sanitary  Company  D,  109th 
Medical  Corps,  28th  Division.  Born  De- 
cember 29,  1894.  Son  of  W.  E.  Mayes. 
Entered  service  July  6,  1918,  at  Camp 
Greenleaf,  Ga.  Went  overseas  September 
1,  1918.  Wounded  in  battle  of  Argonne 
Forest,  France.  Died  from  wounds  Octo- 
ber 6,  1918,  in  Hospital  Centre,  A.  P.  0., 
No.  752. 


TAZEWELL   NORVELL   MORTON 
R.   F.   D.   4,   Oxford,   N.    C. 

Candidate,  Officers'  Training  School, 
Langras,  France.  Born  November  16, 
1896.  Son  of  Joseph  William  and  Mary 
T.  Morton.  Entered  service  June  1,  1918, 
at  Fort  Thomas,  Ky.  Went  overseas  Au- 
gust 10,  1918.  Died  while  at  Officers' 
Training  School,  Langras,  France,  October 
26,  1918. 


THOMAS  L.  OAKLEY 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  E,  120th  Infantry, 
30th  Division.  Born  November  23,  1894. 
Son  of  A.  D.  Oakley.  Entered  service  No- 
vember 15,  1917,  at  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C. 
Went  overseas  May  12,  1918.  Killed  near 
Mazenheim,   France,   October  12,  1918. 


134 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


OBIE  BURTON  SANDIFER 
R.  F.  D.  1,  Hester,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  I,  30th  Division.  Born 
June  15,  1895.  Son  of  G.  I.  and  Callie  S. 
Sandifer.  Entered  service  May  30,  1918, 
at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Went  overseas 
July  28,  1918.  Killed  in  Argonne  Sector 
by  shell  explosion   October  13,  1918. 


CHARLIE  WOODLIEP 
R.  F.  D.  6,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Private,  Company  F,  322nd  Infantry, 
81st  Division.  Born  in  Granville  County, 
January  15,  1897.  Son  of  Louis  and  Min- 
nie Florence  Woodley.  Entered  service 
May  25,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C.  Went 
overseas  July  15,  1918.  Killed  near  Bel- 
licourt,  France,  on  November  11,  1918,  a 
few   minutes  before   hostilities   ceased. 


EDWARD  WINFIELD  TAYLOR 

Oxford,  N.  C. 

Sergeant,  137th  Replacement  Battalion,  6th  Division,  U.  S.  Marines.     Born  June 

19,  1893.     Son  of  J.  Arch  and  Maria  L.  Taylor.     Entered  service  December  8,  1917, 

at   Port  Royal,   S.   C,  transferred  to  Quantico,  Va.     Went  overseas  March   12,   1918. 

Killed  at  battle  of  Chateau  Thierry,  France,  June  12,  1918. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


135 


The  Local  Board  of  Granville  County 

The  term  "local  board"  occupies  a  unique  place  in  the  thought  of 
the  Nation  and  in  the  hearts  of  the  people.  It  has  acquired  a  distinct 
individuality.  Long  after  the  selective  service  machinery  will  have  been 
dismantled,  and  the  processes  of  the  draft  will  have  faded  from  memory, 
the  term  "local  board"  will  hold  its  place  in  our  speech  as  the  typical 
mark  of  the  system  that  lifted  America  from  the  most  peaceful  of  Na- 
tions to  a  place  of  first  magnitude  among  military  powers.  That  mobili- 
zation of  man  power  was  chiefly  accomplished,  not  by  military  officers, 
nor  even  by  civilians  peculiarly  trained  for  such  service,  but  by  laymen 
from  each  community,  chosen  only  for  their  unquestioned  patriotism, 
fair-mindedness,  and  integrity,  and  impelled  solely  by  the  motive  of 
patriotic  self-sacrifice. 


K-U 


Court  Huusf,  Oxford.  N.  C. 


Si 


OFFICE  OF  THE  LOCAL  BOARD  OF  GRANVILLE  COUNTY 


136 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


TITUS    GRANDY   CURRIN 

State    Senator 

R.  F.  D.  6,  Oxford,  N.  C. 

Member    Granville    County    Local    Board 


CHARLES   D.   RAY 

Merchant 

Oxford,   N.   C. 

Secretary  Granville  County  Local  Board 


DR.  E.  T.  WHITE 

Tobacconist 

Oxford,   N.   C. 

Member    Granville    County    Local    Board 


W.  P.  STRADLEY 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Chief  Clerk  to  Granville  County  Local 
Board.  Associate  Legal  Advisor.  Secre- 
tary to  Board  of  Legal  Advisors.  During 
the  month  of  February,  1919,  was  on  duty 
at  the  War  and  Draft  Department  of  the 
Adjutant  General's  office  at  Raleigh,  N.  C, 
as  record  expert. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


137 


THOMAS   L.  BOOTH,  M.  D. 
Oxford,  N.   C. 

Examining   Physician   to   Granville   County 
Local  Board 


SAMUEL   H.   CANNADY,   M.   D. 

Oxford,   N.   C. 

Examining'   Physician   to   Granville   County 

Local  Board 


N.  C.  DANIEL,  M.  D. 

Oxford,   N.   C. 

Examining   Physician   to   Granville   County 

Local  Board 


H-R-]<; 


138 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


GEORGE   S.  WATKINS,   M.  D. 

Oxford,   N.   C. 

Examining   Physician   to   Granville   County 

Local  Board 


W.   N.   THOMAS,  M.  D. 
Oxford,   N.   C. 

Examining   Physician   to   Granville   County 
Local  Board 


List  of  Men  Inducted  Into  Service  by  Granville 
County  Local  Board  [White] 


Adcock,  James  M. 

R  2,  Virgilina,  Va. 
Adcock,   Lex   Alexander 

R   1,   Moriah,   N.    C. 
Adcock,    Nathan    L. 

Moriah,    N.    C. 
Adcock,    Willie    B. 

Oxford,   N.   C. 
Aiken,    Lee 

Oxford,  N.  C. 
Allen,    Claude    Wm. 

R   1,   Creedmoor,   N.   C. 
Allen,    Thomas   W. 

R   1,    Creedmoor,   N.    C. 
Allen,    Vance 

R   2,   Creedmoor,   N.    C. 
Allgood,  Rufus  W. 

R   7,   Oxford,   N.    C. 
Arrington,  Ollie  B. 

Hargrove,   N.   C. 
Arrington,   Wm.   H. 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Averett,   Frank  H. 

R  2,  Oxford,  N.  C, 
Averett,    Otho 

R   1,  Hester,  N.  C. 
Bailey,   James 

R  5,  Wake  Forest,  N.  C. 
Ballon,    Edward    B. 

Oxford,   N.   C. 


Ballou,   James    W. 

Oxford,   N.    C. 
Beasley,    Willie    T. 

R  4,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Beck,  Elmos 

Xorthside,  X.   C. 
Black,   Isaac 

R   1,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Blackley,    Willis    Herbert 

R   1,   Franklinton,   N. 
Blalock,    Wallace    A. 

R   1,   Oxford,    N.   C. 
Blanchard,    Abram    W. 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Bobbitt,  Wm.   Xorman 

Hester,  N.  C. 
Bowling,  Roy  Thomas 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Boyd,   John    Henry 

R   2,   Virgilina,    Va. 
Bradford,    Benj.    H. 

R  3,  Oxford,  X.  C. 
Breedlove,   James   L. 

R   5,    Oxford,   N.   C. 
Brummitt,    Xathaniel    C. 

R  2,  Kittrell,  X.  C. 
Bryan,   Henry    Blount 

Oxford,   X.    C. 
Buchanan,    Dallas    M. 

Oxford,   X.    C. 


Bullock,   Benj.   Garland 

Creedmoor,   X.   C. 
Bullock,    Harvey   R. 

Oxford,   X.   C. 
Bullock,    Hillorv   M. 

R   1,   Oxford,   X.   C. 
Bullock,  Jesse  James 

Stem,   X.   C. 
Bullock,  John   Watkins 

Bullock,    X.    C. 
Bullock,    Johnnie    A. 

Stem,    X.    C. 
Bumpass,    Felix    H. 

R   5,   Virgilina,   Va. 
Burnett,   Zaek    F. 

R  6,  Oxford,  X.  C. 
Cannady,    Samuel    C. 

Oxford,    X.    C. 
Carey,   Russell   B. 

R  1,  Xelson,  Va. 
Carrington,   Jas.   Roland 

Oxford,    X.    C. 
Carroll,   Jesse    B. 

Oxford,   X.   C. 
Cash,   Thurman 

Oxford,    X.    C. 
Chambers,   Woody  T. 

Stem,   X.   C. 
Champion,  James   A. 

R  2,  Creedmoor,  X.  C. 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


139 


>V^4 


Chandler,  Jennie  L. 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Chandler,   Rufus   E. 

Virgilina,    Va. 
Chappell,    Claudie    Meek 

Creedmoor,    N.    C. 
Chappell,    Maynard    M. 

Creedmoor,    N.    C. 
Chason,   Win. 

Durham,    N.    C. 
Cheatham,    Leonard    W. 

R   5,   Henderson,   N.   C. 
Choplin,    Ollie 

R   3,   Youngsville,   N.   C. 
Clark,  Frank  S. 

Berea,    N.    C. 
Clark,    Geo.   Washington 

R   5,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Clark,    Robert    T. 

R   5,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Clement,  Jesse  I. 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Coley,   Sidney  L. 

Northside,  N.   C. 
Collins,    Russell 

R   1,    Berea,   N.   C. 
Cook,    Edgar   J. 

R   1 /Berea,   N.   C. 
Core,    Christopher    E. 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Cottrell,  Junius  F. 

R   5,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Cottrell,    Willie    Green 

R   5,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Cox,   George   L. 

Stovall,    N.   C. 
Cozart,   Benj.   F. 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Cozart,    Eddie   B. 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Cozart,    Floyd 

Stem,    N.    C. 
Cozart,  Frank  T. 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Cozart,    Robert    T. 

R  1,  Stem,  N.  C. 
Crews,  Win.   Barker 

R  6,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Critcher,   E.  J. 

Stovall.   N.   C. 
Culbreth,    Wm. 

Bullock,    N.    C. 
Culbreth,    Wm.    Oscar 

Stovall,   N.    C. 
Currin,   Benjamin  A. 

R  5,  Virgilina,  Va. 
Currin,   Harvev   L. 

Stovall,    N.    C. 
Currin,    Oliver    L. 

Oxford,   N.   C. 
Currin,    Vivian    D. 

Berea,  N.  C. 
Currin,  Wade  Madison 

R   2,    Virgilina,   Va. 
Cutts,  Uriah  P. 

Stovall,    N.    C. 


140 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


Daniel,  James  Ernest 

R  5,  Henderson,  N.  C. 
Daniel,  Robert  G. 

R   1,    Oxford,   N.    C. 
Daniel,  Roy  C. 

Stem,  N.  C. 
Daniel,    Wm.    Allen 

R  7,  Oxford,  N.   C. 
Davis,  Charles  Roland 

R   3,   Youngsville,   N.   C. 
Davis,    Crawford    W. 

R   G,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Davis,    Edward    W. 

R   6,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Davis,  Irvin   Shaw 

R   2,   Creedmoor,   N.    C. 
Dean,    Alfred    B. 

R  4,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Dean,   Willie    L. 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Dement,   Norman   B. 

R  5,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Dickerson,    Roy    Booth 

Oxford,   N.   C. 
Dickerson,  Rufus  Barnum 

Wake   Forest,  N.   C. 
Dillard,    Roy     E. 

R  5,  Wake  Forest,  N.  C. 
Duke,    Connie    H. 

Oxford,   N.   C. 
Duke,    Fonnie    A. 

Tar   River,   N.   C. 
Eakes,   Bennie  A. 

R  7,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Eakes,    Ernest   0. 

Oxford,   N.    C. 
Eastwood,    Henry 

Bullock,    N.    C. 
Elexson,   John    C. 

R  1,  Moriah,  N.  C. 
Elliott,   George   Green 

Oxford,   N.   C. 
Evans,    Ernest    W. 

R  4,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Farabow,  Henry  W. 

R  3,   Stem,   X.   C. 
Fitz,   John    C.    L. 

Bullock,   N.   C. 
Fowler,  Ira  L. 

Creedmoor,   N.   C. 
Fowler,    Willie 

R  3,  Creedmoor,  X.  C. 
Fleming,    Edward    O. 

R   3,   Creedmoor,   N.   C. 
Fleming,   Frederick   Guy 

Creedmoor,    N.    C. 
Floyd,    Jarvin    S. 

R   2,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Franklin,   Edward  A. 

Stem,  N.  C. 
Franklin,  Wm.   Rov 

R  2,  Stem,  N.  C. 
Frazier,    Arvid    D. 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Frazier,  J.    Early 

R   1,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Flovd,   Edward   Y. 

R  1,  Hester,   N.  C. 
Frazier,  Phocian   F. 

R  7,  Oxford,  N.  C. 


Garrett,   Mark    Gresham 

Oxford,  N.  C. 
Glasscock,   Robert   W. 

R  1,  Virgilina,  Va. 
Gooch,   Lee   C. 

Oxford,   N.   C. 
Goode,   Marvin    A. 

Virgilina,   Va. 
Gordon,    James    O. 

R   3,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Graham,   A.    W.,   Jr. 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Greenway,  Reuben  S. 

R   5,   Vh-gilina,   Va. 
Hardee,   Erastus    B. 

Stem,    N.    C. 
Hardee,  Parrott  B. 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Harris,   Eugene   0. 

R   2,   Virgilina,   Va. 
Harris,   Harvey  R. 

R  2,   Kittrell,   N.   C. 
Harris,   Richard   W. 

Oxford,   X.    C. 
Hart,    A.    T. 

R  4,   Oxford,  X.  C. 
Hart,   Roy  C. 

R   5,   Oxford,   X.   C. 
Harte,    Xelson   N. 

Oxford,   X.   C. 
Haswell,   Gratis 

R   3,   Youngsville,   X.   C. 
Hester,   Benj.   F. 

Hester,    X.    C. 
Hight,   Robert   Benton 

R   5,    Oxford,   X.    C. 
Hobgood,   E.   B. 

R   1,   Oxford,   X.   C. 
Hobgood,   James   G. 

R  5,  Oxford,  X.  C. 
Hobgood,  Joshua 

R  1,   Oxford,   X.   C. 
Hobgood,  Samuel 

R   6,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Hobgood,   Thomas   G. 

R   1,   Oxford,   X.   C. 
Hockaday,    Sidney   M. 

R  2,  Creedmoor,  X.  C. 
Howard,  Ernest  B. 

Oxford,    X.    C. 
Howell,   Buck   Duke 

R  2,   Kittrell,  X.   C. 
Howell,    McKinley    Reed 

R   2,   Kittrell,   X.   C. 
Hunt,    George    P. 

Oxford,  X.  C. 
Hunt,  Mark   H. 

R   2,    Hester,   X.    C. 
Icord,    Frank 

Berea,  N.  C. 
Jackson,   Harvey 

Oxford,   X."  C. 
Jenkins,    Roy   G. 

Franklinton,    N.    C. 
Jones,   Jubal    0. 

R   1,   Creedmoor,   X.   C. 
Jones,   Stephen   Henry,  Jr. 

R  1,  Oxford,  X.  C. 
Jones,    Willie   Thomas 

R    1,    Creedmoor,   X.   C. 


King,  O.   M. 

Stem,    X.    C. 
Knight,    Herbert    J. 

R   3,   Oxford,   X.   C. 
Knott,   Samuel   L. 

R  1,  Oxford,  X.  C. 
Knott,  Thomas  J. 

R    0,   Virgilina,   Va. 
Landis,    Hamlin 

Oxford,  X.  C. 
Landis,    Mark    A. 

Oxford,   X.   C. 
Lassiter,  Joe   Davis 

Oxford,   X.   C. 
Latta,    Dawson    Finley 

R   1,   Oxford,   X.   C. 
Latta,   E.    A. 

R   1,   Oxford,   X.   C. 
Latta,  Lonnie  M. 

Creedmoor,   X.   C. 
Lawrence,    Corrie 

R   2,   Creedmoor,   X.   C. 
Lawrence,   Gresham    T. 

R  2,  Creedmoor,  X.  C. 
Lawrence,    Macon    W. 

R   2,   Creedmoor,   X.    C. 
Lloyd,  Hughie   V. 

Creedmoor,   X.   C. 
Lloyd,   Oscar   Lee 

R   4,   Oxford,   X.    C. 
Lloyd,    Thomas    C. 

R  4,  Oxford,  X.  C. 
Longmire,    A.    L. 

R  2,   Franklinton,   X.   C. 
Lumpkin,   Kenneth   Talmage 

Oxford,    X.    C. 
Lyon,    Ben    R. 

Xorthside,  X.   C. 
Lyon,   Herman    T. 

Lyons,  X.  C. 
Lyon,   Wiley   L. 

Xorthside,   X.   C. 
Mangum,   O.   T. 

Stem,   X.   C. 
Matthews,   Geoi'ge   L. 

Bullock,   X.   C. 
Matthews,  Thomas 

Bullock,    X.    C. 
May,    Zollie    T. 

R   2,    Youngsville,   X.    C. 
Mayes,    Benona    P. 

Oxford,    X.    C. 
Meadows,    Author    G. 

R   1,   Moriah,   X.   C. 
Meadows,    Coi-bitt    L. 

Moriah,   X.   C. 
Mitchell,    Henry   H. 

R  1,   Franklinton,  X.   C. 
Mitchell,  J.   W. 

R   1,   Franklinton,   X.   C. 
Mitchell,   Ollie   B. 

Oxford,  X.  C. 
Moore,    Luther 

Berea,  X.  C. 
Moore,    Marvin    F. 

Stem,  X.   C. 
Morgan,   Charles  H. 

R  1,  Xelson,  Va. 
Morgan,   James   B. 

Oxford,   X.   C. 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


141 


Morgan,  Robert  Lee 

R  1,  Nelson,  Va. 
Morris,   Fred   R. 

R  1,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Morton,   James 

Stovall,  N.  C. 
Morton,    Nathaniel    V. 

R   4,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Moss,   Carl   Haywood 

R  2,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Moss,  Wm.  Henry 

R  2,  Kittrell,   N.  C. 
Moss,  Herbert  Samuel 

Creedmoor,   N.    C. 
Moss,  John   P. 

Creedmoor,   N.   C. 
Moss,  Thomas  E. 

Creedmoor,    N.    C. 
Nance,    Pender 

Creedmoor,   N.   C. 
Nelson,  Avis  Allen 

R   2,    Virgilina,   Va. 
Nevils,   Ollie   M. 

Northside,  N.   C. 
Noblin,    Roy    L. 

R  1,  Nelson,  Va. 
Norwood,    L.    T. 

Bullock,   N.   C. 
Oakley,    Samuel    E. 

Moriah,   N.   C. 
Oakley,    Titue 

R   6,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
O'Brien,  Carlton  Patrick 

R   5,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
O'Brien.   Rufus   Carroll 

Stovall,    N.    C. 
Overton,    Athie    L. 

Hester,  N.  C. 
Owen,    Robert 

Stovall,    N.    C. 
Parham,    Lewis    D. 

R   7,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Parham,   Raymond   W. 

R  7,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Parham,    Samuel    S. 

R  3,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Parish,   Fred   F. 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Parrott,   Frank    E. 

R  1,   Creedmoor,   N.   C. 
Peace,    George   G. 

R   1,   Franklinton,   N.   C. 
Pearce,   Janadius    H. 

R   3,   Youngsville,   N.    C. 
Peed,    Fred    L. 

Oxford,   N.    C. 
Peed,    Hugh    F. 

Oxford,   N.   C. 
Peed,  Jock  John 

Creedmoor,   N.   C. 
Perry,   James    Elmore 

R   2,   Creedmoor,   N.   C. 
Pinnix,    Marshall    K. 

Oxford,   N.   C. 
Pittard,    James    J. 

R  2,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Pittard,    John    B. 

Bullock,   N.   C. 
Pittard,   Raleigh    C. 

R  1,  Nelson,  Va. 


Pleasant,   Jesse   L. 

R   3,  Youngsville,   N.   C. 
Pleasant,   Sam   J. 

R  5,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Preddy,  Jesse  K. 

R   1,   Franklinton,   N.   C. 
Preddy,    Roy 

R   1,   Franklinton,   N.   C. 
Puckett,    Hallie    M. 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Robards,  Earl  C. 

Oxford,   N.    C. 
Roberts,   Victor   C. 

Stem,  N.  C. 
Roycroft,    Augustus    G. 

Northside,  N.  C. 
Sandifer,    Obie    Burton 

R  1,  Hester,  N.  C. 
Sanford,   Robert   G. 

R   1,   Stem,   N.   C. 
Sherman,  Gattis  L. 

R   1,  Berea,  N.   C. 
Sherman,   Herman    T. 

R   1,  Berea,  N.  C. 
Sherman,    Tenny   Allen 

R   2,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Sherron,   Emmitt  B. 

R   3,   Youngsville,    N.   C. 
Sizemore,   John    L. 

R    3,    Clarksville,    Va. 
Slaughter,    Clifton 

Oxford,   N.    C. 
Slaughter,  Edward   R. 

Berea,   N.    C. 
Slaughter,    John 

Stovall,   N.   C. 
Strickland,    Charles    B. 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Strother,  Bertram   T. 

R  1,  Franklinton,   N.   C. 
Stroud,    Luther    P. 

R   1,  Hester,  N.   C. 
Tavlor,  Casey  B. 

Oxford,   N.   C. 
Taylor,    Eurn    F. 

R  3,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Tavlor,  Joseph  W. 

"  R  2,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Taylor,    Robert    K. 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Thaxton,    James    Thomas 

Tar   River,    N.    C. 
Thomas,    Frank   0. 

R  5,  Virgilina,  Va. 
Thomas,   George   N. 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Thomas,   Lawrence 

R  2,  Stem,  N.  C. 
Thomas,    Roy   Benj. 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Thomas,   Walter   H. 

R  2,  Stem,  N.  C. 
Thomasson,    Hunter    M. 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Thomasson,    James    M. 

R  2,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Tillery,   Geo.    L. 

Wilmington,   N.   C. 
Tillotson,    Charles    Morton 

R  7,  Oxford,  N.  C. 


Tingen,  Robert  L. 

R  1,  Stovall,  N.  C. 
Tola,   Gioacchio 

Oxford,  N.  C. 
Turner,    Nathan    C. 

R   1,   Franklinton,   N.   C. 
Umstead,   Luther   W. 

R   1,   Stem,   N.   C. 
Umstead,    Roy    S. 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Vaughan,    Luther    M. 

R  1,  Nelson,  Va. 
Vaughan,  Roy  C. 

Bullock,    N.    C. 
Veasey,    Alexander    H. 

Creedmoor,    N.    C. 
Veasey,   Coleman   B. 

R   3,   Creedmoor,   N.   C. 
Wadford,   A.   D. 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Wagstaff,    Alton    S. 

R   1,   Creedmoor,   N.   C. 
Walker,  Roy  J. 

Stem,    N.    C. 
Walker,  Willis   R. 

Creedmoor,   N.   C. 
Walters,    Sidnev    J. 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Webb,   William  D. 

Oxford,  N.  C. 
West,  Tenny  B. 

R   7,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Wheeler,    Kelly    B. 

East   Durham,   N.   C. 
Whitaker,  L.  E. 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Wilkins,   Elvin 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Wilkins,   Fred    C. 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Wilkins,  James  A. 

R  7,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Wilkinson,    Frank 

Berea,    N.    C. 
Williams,    Alexander 

R  2,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Williford,    Lewis    H. 

R   1,   Moriah,   N.   C. 
Williams,    Taylor 

Northside,  N.   C. 
Williams,  Thomas   B. 

Oxford,   N.   C. 
Wilson,   Graham   J.   W. 

R   1,   Creedmoor,   N.   C. 
Wilson,  Guy  Hendricks 

Sumter,   S.   C. 
Winters,   Wm.    E. 

Stem,  N.  C. 
Wood,    John    Meadows 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Woodlief,   Charlie 

R  6,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Wright,   Geo.    L. 

R  2,  Virgilina,  Va. 
Yancey,   James    T. 

R   1,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Yancev,    Robert    Alvis 

R"  2,    Virgilina,   Va. 
Yow,  L.  F. 

Oxford.    N.    C. 


142 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


143 


Pershing's  Men  Did  the  Work  But  the  Navy  Put 

'Em  There 


The  importance  of  the  United  States 
Navy  in  the  war  can  hardly  be  exagger- 
ated. Within  less  than  a  month  after  hos- 
tilities were  declared,  she  had  sent  a  de- 
tachment of  destroyers  to  European  wa- 
ters. By  October,  1918,  there  were  338 
ships  of  all  classes  flying  the  American  flag 
in  foreign  waters.  The  operations  of  the 
Navy  during  the  war  covered  the  widest 
scope  in  its  history.  They  operated  in  Eu- 
ropean waters  from  the  Mediterranean  to 
the  White  Sea.  At  Corfu,  Gibraltar,  in 
the  Bay  of  Biscay,  on  the  Irish  Coast,  at 
the  English  Channel  ports,  in  the  North 
Sea  and  at  Archangel,  they  did  creditable 
work.  This  service  was  not  as  brilliant 
perhaps  as  that  of  the  army,  because  the 
nature  of  its  vital  work  kept  it  from  the 
front.  Even  though  its  activities  were 
probably  less  glorious,  still  they  were  none 
the  less  important  and  necessary  to  the 
cause. 

Naval  men  served  on  nearly  2,000  craft 
that  plied  the  waters  of  the  globe,  on  sub- 
marines that  had  no  fear  of  the  under-sea 
perils,  and  in  aviation  where  men  of  cour- 
age fought  and  prevented  surprise  attacks 
with  new-found  weapons. 

In  diplomacy,  in  investigation  at  home 
and  in  all  parts  of  the  world  by  naval  offi- 
cers and  civilian  agents,  in  protecting  in- 
dustry from  enemy  spies,  in  promoting 
new  industries  and  enlarging  older  ones  to 
meet  war-time  needs — these  are  a  few  of 
the  accomplishments  that  are  outstanding 
in  the  part  played  by  the  Navy  in  winning 
the  war. 

Shortly  after  the  declaration  of  war, 
the  submarine  problem  had  become  so  acute 
and  the  merchant  ship  losses  so  great,  it 
became  necessary  to  adopt  more  effective 
methods  in  dealing  with  the  problem  and 
making  shipping  safer.  The  system  of 
convoy  was  adopted  at  the  suggestion   of 


President  Wilson.  This,  though  slowing 
down  shipping  by  fully  twenty  per  cent., 
enabled  a  comparatively  safe  passage  of 
troops  and  was  probably  the  greatest 
stroke  of  the  Navy  during  the  war. 

During  all  the  time  the  United  States 
was  engaged  in  the  war  the  enemy's  naval 
forces,  with  the  exception  of  the  subma- 
rines, were  blockaded  in  his  ports.  This, 
of  course,  prevented  naval  engagements 
of  a  major  character.  The  destroyers,  sub- 
marine chasers  and  patrol  vessels,  how- 
ever, waged  an  unceasing  offensive  against 
the  submarine  menace  to  shipping  and 
troop  convoy,  and  only  three  vesesls  were 
sunk.  These  were  the  Antilles,  the  Pi'esi- 
dent  Lincoln  and  the  Covington.  Each  was 
struck  on  her  return  voyage,  so  that  the 
loss  of  life  was  comparatively  small.  Only 
three  fighting  vessels  were  lost  as  the  re- 
sult of  enemy  action — a  patrol  ship,  a  tor- 
pedo boat  destroyer  and  a  cruiser.  The 
other  transports  and  destroyers  struck  by 
the  enemy  during  the  war  reached  port 
without  loss  of  life.  Other  transports  car- 
rying United  States  soldiers  went  down, 
but  these  were  being  convoyed  by  the  Brit- 
ish Admiralty.  Chief  among  these  was  the 
Tuscania,  sunk  off  the  Coast  of  Ireland 
February  6,  1918,  with  a  loss  of  212  lives. 

The  most  serious  loss  of  life  in  the  navy 
as  a  result  of  its  war-time  activity  result- 
ed when  111  officers  and  men  of  the  Coast 
Guard  cutter  Tampa  perished  when  their 
vessel  was  sunk  in  Bristol  Channel,  Eng- 
land, in  September,  1918.  The  Tampa  had 
been  doing  escort  duty  in  the  transport 
service.  It  had  gone  ahead  of  the  convoy 
and  was  sunk,  soon  after  leaving  the  other 
vessels. 

With  its  record  of  phenomenal  transport 
service  in  protecting  troops  and  shipping 
against  the  enemy  submarine  offensive ;  its 
splendid   co-operation     with     the     British 


144 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


fleet  in  keeping  the  German  navy  in  port 
and  Germany  herself  blockaded ;  its  stellar 
work  with  the  giant  14-inch  long  range 
guns  at  the  front;  and  its  subsequent  spec- 
tacular feat  in  first  bridging  the  Atlantic 
by  air,  the  United  States  Navy  had  a  share 
in  the  World  War  as  brilliant  as  that  of  the 
Army,  and  was  equally  important  and  es- 
sential in  keeping  the  war  wheels  turning 
victoriously. 

The  German  army  was  not  better  pre- 
pared for  instant  action  on  land  than  was 
the  British  navy  for  war  at  sea.  While  its 
greatest  work  throughout  the  war  consist- 
ed in  keeping  open  the  sea  routes  for  the 
transport  of  troops  and  commerce,  it  con- 
tinually challenged  the  powerful  fleet  of 
Germany  to  come  out  and  fight.  The  first 
of  these  challenges  was  on  August  28th. 
A  British  submarine  came  to  the  surface 
off  Helgoland,  pretending  to  be  in  trouble, 
in  the  hope  of  decoying  the  German  ves- 
sels from  the  bay.  A  swarm  of  German 
light  cruisers  and  destroyers  rushed  out, 
whereupon  a  British  squadron,  just  out  of 
sight  below  the  horizon,  clashed  up  and  in 
the  ensuing  fight  three  German  light  cruis- 
ers and  eight  destroyers  were  sunk  or 
badly  crippled  with  small  loss  to  the  Brit- 
ish. 

The  Germans  had  their  revenge  on  Sep- 
tember 22d,  when  the  British  cruisers 
Aboukir,  Cressy  and  Hogue  were  caught 
unguarded  off  the  coast  of  Holland  and 
sunk  by  the  submarine  U-9,  with  the  loss  of 
their  crews. 

Several  German  cruisers  were  on  sta- 
tions in  remote  seas.  The  Karlsruhe  was 
off  the  Atlantic  coast  of  the  United  States. 
After  being  hunted  for  some  weeks,  she 
mysteriously  disappeared,  supposedly  by 
an  internal  explosion.  The  Koenigsberg, 
after  one  successful  action  with  a  lighter 
British  vessel  at  Zanzibar,  was  chased  up 
the  Rufiji  River  in  German  East  Africa, 
where  she  was  later  destroyed.  The  Em- 
den  had  a  brilliant  career  of  three  months 
in  the  Indian  Ocean  as  a  commerce  destroy- 
er and  actually  raided  the  harbors  of  Mad- 


ras and  Rangoon,  but  was,  finally,  destroy- 
ed on  November  9th  by  the  Australian  cruis- 
er Sydney  off  Cocos  island. 

The  largest  detached  German  squadron, 
however,  was  in  the  Pacific.  Starting  out 
from  Tsing-tao  at  the  beginning  of  the 
war,  the  armored  cruisers  Gneisenau  and 
Scharnhorst  were  soon  joined  by  the 
light  cruisers  Nurnburg,  Leipsic  and 
Dresden  and  crossed  the  Pacific  without 
molestation.  Off  Coronel,  Chili,  on  Novem- 
ber 1st,  the  Germans  encountered  the  Brit- 
ish armored  cruisers  Monmouth  and 
Good  Hope  and  the  light  cruiser  Glas- 
gow. The  British  guns  were  outranged 
and  both  the  Monmouth  and  the  Good 
Hope  were  sunk  with  all  hands.  The 
British  hastily  dispatched  a  large  fleet  of 
superior  vessels  and  on  December  8th  they 
met  the  Germans  again  off  the  Falkland 
Islands  and  destroyed  the  entire  squadron. 

The  battle  cruiser  Goeben  and  the 
light  cruiser  Breslau  were  at  Naples. 
Forced  to  leave  by  Italy's  declaration  of 
neutrality,  they  eluded  the  British  squad- 
ron, which  was  watching  for  them,  and 
reached  Constantinople.  There  they  were 
nominally  transferred  to  the  Turks,  though 
they  remained  under  German  command.  As 
a  matter  of  fact,  the  Germans  had  prob- 
ably long  since  reached  an  understanding 
with  the  Germanized  leaders  of  the  young 
Turk  party  that  Turkey  was  to  join  them 
in  the  war.  It  caused  small  surprise,  there- 
fore, when  the  recent  German  cruisers  in 
late  October  raided  Russian  shipping  at 
Odessa.  The  Russian  ambassador  at  once 
asked  for  his  passports  and  on  November 
5th  Great  Britain  and  the  other  Allies  de- 
clared war  on  Turkey. 

The  second  naval  battle  in  the  North  Sea 
occurred  on  January  24th.  Two  or  three 
times  during  the  fall  of  1914.  German 
cruisers  appeared  off  the  British  coast, 
dropped  a  few  shells  on  unimportant  places 
and  fled  back  to  their  base  before  they 
could  be  overhauled.  One  such  raid  on 
Scarborough  in  December  aroused  particu- 
lar indignation     among    the     British.     On 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


145 


January  24th  a  raiding  squadron  of  this 
character,  consisting  of  four  battle  cruis- 
ers, was  overtaken  off  Dogger  Bank.  One 
German  ship,  the  Bluecher,  was  sunk, 
and  the  other  three  were  damaged.  The 
British  had  little  trouble  from  such  raids 
thereafter. 

The  special  purpose  of  the  Germans  in 
dragging  the  Turks  into  the  war  was  to 
cut  the  Suez  Canal  and  invade  Egypt.  The 
British  declared  Egypt  independent  of 
Turkey.  An  ambitious  campaign  in  No- 
vember brought  a  column  of  some  thous- 
ands of  Turks  straggling  across  the  desert. 
They  were  easily  repulsed. 

With  the  hope  of  taking  Constantinople 
and  crushing  the  Turks  at  once,  a  squadron 
of  British  and  French  ships  on  February 
19th  shelled  the  forts  guarding  the  entrance 
to  the  Dardanelles.  The  attack  was  re- 
peated on  the  25th,  and  had  the  ships  been 
accompanied  by  an  adequate  landing  force, 
the  forts  might  have  been  taken.  The 
Turks  had  very  few  guns  and  were  almost 
without  ammunition.  The  Germans  rushed 
supplies  to  them,  however,  and  when,  on 
March  18th,  the  Allied  fleet  delivered  what 
was  intended  to  be  the  final  blow,  the  Turks 
sent  floating  mines  down  the  channel,  sink- 
ing three  battleships  and  badly  damaging 
two  others.  It  was  then  recognized  that 
the  straits  could  not  be  forced  by  naval  at- 
tack alone  and  an  expedition  of  130,000  men 
under  General  Sir  Ian  Hamilton  was  orga- 
nized at  Alexandria.  It  arrived  late  in 
April  and  a  landing  was  made  after  hard 
fighting  on  the  point  of  the  peninsula  on 
April  25th.  A  series  of  hard  battles  was 
fought  during  May  and  early  June,  but  the 
Turks  could  not  be  dislodged.  The  Ger- 
mans sent  submarines  into  the  Mediterra- 
nean and  the  British  lost  three  more  bat- 
tleships from  this  cause.  British  subma- 
rines two  or  three  times  ran  the  straits  and 
raided  shipping  in  the  Sea  of  Marmora  and 
the  port  of  Constantinople  itself — an  enter- 
prise, which,  if  tried  in  the  first  attack, 
might  have  demoralized  the  Turks  and 
gained  the  victory.     On   August   10th  an- 


other desperate  assault  was  made  by  Aus- 
tralian and  Indian  troops.  It  failed  and 
after  hanging  on  for  the  remainder  of  the 
summer,  the  army  was  withdrawn  in  De- 
cember and  the  following  January. 

An  attack  by  a  British  naval  force  on 
Tanga,  a  port  of  German  East  Africa,  on 
November  3-5,  1914,  however,  met  dis- 
aster. 

The  events  of  1915,  which  had  most  in- 
fluence on  the  outcome  of  the  war,  though 
not  in  the  way  which  the  Germans  expected, 
were  the  operations  of  submarines.  On 
February  4th,  the  German  government  de- 
clared all  the  waters  around  the  British 
Isles  a  war  zone  and  gave  notice  that  neu- 
tral as  well  as  enemy  shipping  was  liable  to 
be  sunk.  This  aroused  the  United  States. 
The  President  immediately  notified  Ger- 
many that  she  would  be  held  to  "strict  ac- 
countability." 

The  seriousness  of  the  submarine  threat 
soon  became  apparent  when  the  British 
steamer  Falaba  was  sunk  on  March  28th 
in  Saint  George's  Channel,  drowning  111 
of  the  passengers  and  crew,  including  one 
American.  Soon  afterward  the  American 
steamer  dishing  was  attacked  and  dam- 
aged by  a  German  airplane  in  the  North 
Sea  and  a  little  later  the  Gulflight  was 
torpedoed  off  the  Sicily  islands. 

The  climax  came  on  May  7th,  however, 
when  the  great  passenger  liner  Lusitania 
was  torpedoed  off  the  south  coast  of  Ire- 
land with  a  loss  of  1,154  men,  women  and 
children,  of  whom  114  were  Americans. 
Indignation  blazed  to  a  white  heat.  It  was 
thought  that  the  United  States  would  de- 
clare war  at  once.  The  President  called  on 
Germany  to  disavow  the  act,  adding  that 
the  United  States  would  not  "omit  any  word 
or  any  act  necessary  to  the  performance  of 
its  sacred  duty"  of  maintaining  the  rights 
of  its  citizens.  The  Germans,  however, 
made  a  conciliatory  answer,  and  although 
the  steamer  Nebraska  was  soon  after- 
ward torpedoed,  but  not  sunk,  the  incident 
was  allowed  to  dwindle  into  a  series  of  in- 
conclusive diplomatic  notes,  only  to  flame 


H-R-17 


146 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


up  again  when,  on  August  19th,  the  liner 
Arabic  was  sunk  off  Ireland  with  a  loss 
of  44  passengers  and  crew,  including  two 
Americans. 

More  notes  followed,  culminating  on  Oc- 
tober 5th  in  a  disavowel  by  the  German  gov- 
ernment of  the  act  of  the  submarine  com- 
mander, an  offer  to  pay  indemnity  and  a 
promise  that  no  similar  incident  would  oc- 
cur again. 

Little  more  than  a  month  afterward,  the 
Arabic  tragedy  was  repeated  in  the  Medi- 
terranean when  the  Italian  liner  Ancona 
was  sunk  with  a  loss  of  more  than  200  lives, 
including  nine  Americans.  The  responsi- 
bility for  this  act,  however,  was  assumed 
by  the  Austrian  government,  which,  after 
another  series  of  notes,  duplicated  the  Ger- 
man promise  and  then  broke  it  on  Decem- 
ber 30th  by  sinking  the  liner  Persia  with 
a  loss  of  392  lives,  including  an  American 
consul. 

Public  indignation  was  further  aroused 
by  the  discovery  of  indisputable  evidence 
that,  while  this  controversy  was  going  on, 
plots  to  foment  strikes,  destroy  munition 
plants  and  commit  other  acts  against  the 
peace  of  the  United  States  were  being  di- 
rected from  the  German  and  Austrian  em- 
bassies. The  recall  of  the  Austrian  ambas- 
sador, Dr.  Dumba,  was  demanded  in  Sep- 
tember, and  the  German  military  and  nav- 
al attaches.  Captain  von  Papen  and  Cap- 
tain Boy-Ed,  were  similarly  sent  home  in 
December. 

Nevertheless,  the  government  accepted 
the  German  word,  and  the  country  was 
kept  out  of  war  for  the  time  being,  even  re- 
fraining from  beginning  any  active  prepa- 
ration. The  Lusitania  sinking,  how- 
ever, had  turned  against  the  Teutonic 
powers  a  greater  force  than  cannon  or  arm- 
ed battalions.  It  had  aroused  the  con- 
science of  civilization.  Their  every  word 
and  act  thereafter  was  faced  by  the  silent, 
accusing  fingers  of  drowned  children. 

Doubtless  the  German  belief  that  Verdun 
would  force  the  French  and  British  to  ac- 
cept  peace   inspired   the   determination   to 


resume  frightfulness  at  sea.  On  March 
24th  the  Channel  steamer  Sussex  was 
torpedoed  without  warning.  There  were 
25  Americans  on  board,  and,  though  the 
i-hip  did  not  sink  and  all  passengers  were 
saved,  this  was  so  direct  a  violation  of  the 
promise  given  to  the  United  States  in  the 
preceding  October  that  it  rekindled  the 
American  war  fever,  especially  when  it  was 
followed  by  the  sinking  of  several  freight- 
ers by  which  American  seamen  were  lost  or 
endangered.  President  Wilson  threatened 
to  sever  diplomatic  relations  unless  the 
German  government  should  at  once  aban- 
don these  methods  of  warfare,  but  by  the 
time  Germany  was  ready  to  reply  the  Ver- 
dun enterprise  had  ceased  to  look  encour- 
aging, and  Germany  once  more  promised 
to  observe  the  principles  of  visit  and  search 
and  not  to  sink  ships  "without  warning 
and  without  saving  lives."  Again  the 
United  States  kept  out  of  war  for  the  mo- 
ment by  accepting  the  German  word. 

It  was  not  merely  on  land,  however,  but 
also  at  sea,  that  Germany  undertook  to 
force  a  conclusion  in  the  spring  of  1916.  In 
the  afternoon  of  May  31st  a  squadron  of 
six  British  cruisers  under  Vice  Admiral 
Beatty  sighted  German  ships  on  the  hori- 
zon. Sending  word  to  Admiral  Jellicoe, 
who  was  50  miles  astern  with  the  main  fleet, 
Beatty  rushed  forward  and  soon  found 
himself  confronting  the  entire  German  high 
seas  fleet  of  20  armorclads  and  more  than 
100  light  cruisers,  destroyers  and  subma- 
rines. Only  the  Fifth  British  battle  squad- 
ron of  four  dreadnoughts  under  Read  Ad- 
miral Evan-Thomas  got  up  in  time  to  give 
Beatty  much  assistance.  Darkness  and 
the  danger  of  mines  enabled  the  Germans 
to  draw  off.  The  British  lost  three  battle 
cruisers,  including  the  27,000-ton  dread- 
naught  Queen  Mary,  three  armored  cruis- 
ers and  three  destroyers.  The  Germans 
admitted  the  loss  of  one  battleship,  the 
28,000-ton  battle  cruiser  Luetzow,  four 
light  cruisers  and  five  destroyers.  While 
in  tonnage  and  lives  the  British  loss  was 
the  greater,  the  actual  damage  to  the  Ger- 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


147 


man  fleet  and  its  morale  was  evidently 
much  more  severe  than  was  acknowledged. 
In  its  results  this  battle  was  certainly  de- 
cisive in  favor  of  British  sea  power,  for  the 
German  fleet  never  again  emerged  into  the 
North  Sea  until  it  came  out  to  surrender. 
A  brilliant  naval  raid  by  the  British  on 


the  23d,  which  blocked  the  harbor  of  Zee- 
brugge  and  partially  blocked  Ostend,  and 
a  similar  enterprise  by  the  Italians  on  May 
16th,  by  which  an  Austrian  battleship  was 
sunk  in  the  harbor  of  Pola,  demonstrated 
that  the  Allies  were  still  masters  of  the 
sea,  at  least. 


148 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


LEE  AVERETT 
R.  F.  D.  6,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Company  Commander,  Company  No.  1, 
Naval  Operating  Base,  Norfolk,  Va.  Born 
December  15,  1896.  Son  of  Jerome  L.  and 
Lorena  Averett.  Entered  service  July 
5,  1918,  at  U.  S.  Naval  Operating  Base", 
Norfolk,  Va.  Served  at  U.  S.  Naval  Base. 
Promoted  to  Commander  January  5,  1919. 
Released  from  active  duty  February  15, 
1919. 


JAMES  LYNCH  BOOTH 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Ensign,  U.  S.  S.  Arizona,  U.  S.  N.  R.  F. 
Born  February  28,  1894.  Son  of  Thomas 
L.  and  Alma  H.  Booth.  Entered  service 
April  5,  1917,  at  Receiving  Ship,  Norfolk, 
Va.  Overseas  on  convoy  duty.  Released 
from   active   service   March   12,   1919. 


FRANCIS  STEDMAN  BRADSHER 

Oxford,  N.  C. 
Gunner's  Mate,  U.  S.  S.  George  Wash- 
ington, U.  S.  Regular  Navy.  Born  July 
10,  1900.  Son  of  James  S.  and  Sallie  T. 
Brads-'her.  Entered  service  April  1,  1917, 
at  Receiving  Ship,  Norfolk,  Va.  Overseas 
one  year  on  transport  duty. 


JAMES  SIDNEY  BRADSHER,  JR. 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Hospital  Apprentice,  Great  Lakes  Naval 
Hospital,  U.  S.  N.  R.  F.  Born  April  22, 
1897.  Son  of  James  S.  and  Sallie  T.  Brad- 
sher.  Entered  service  June  1,  1918,  at 
Receiving   Ship,   Norfolk,   Va. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


149 


WILLIAM  DREW  BRYAN,  JR. 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Petty  Officer,  3rd  class,  U.  S.  N.  R.  F. 
Born  in  Granville  County.  Son  of  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  William  D.  Bryan,  Sr.  Entered 
service  May  30,  1918,  at  U.  S.  Receiving 
Ship,  Norfolk,  Va.  Saw  service  on  U.  S. 
S.  Pennsylvania,  also  U.  S.  S.  Maine  as 
Radio  Operator.  Released  from  active 
duty  July  1,   1919. 


JAMES  DUDLEY  BULLOCK 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Yeoman,  3rd  class,  U.  S.  N.  R.  F.,  Nav- 
al Operating  Base,  Norfolk,  Va.  Born 
March  21,  1899.  Son  of  James  Dudley  and 
Annie  B.  Bullock.  Entered  service  May 
29,  1918,  at  Receiving  Ship,  Norfolk,  Va. 
Promoted  to  yoeman,  3rd  class,  April  15, 
1919.  Released  from  active  duty  July  28, 
1919. 


ASHBOURNE  DOUGLAS  CAPEHART 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
First-Class  Electrician  on  U.  S.  S.  Black 
Hawk.  Born  September  9,  1893.  Son  of 
Armistead  L.  and  Lillian  W.  B.  Capehart. 
Entered  service  May,  1917,  at  Richmond, 
Va.  Promoted  to  rank  of  first-class  elec- 
trician July  1,  1919.  Overseas  one  year 
and  two  months.  One  year  in  training  at 
the  Electrical  School  in  Brooklyn  and  in 
the  Brooklyn  Navy  Yard.  Eight  months 
off  the  east  coast  of  Scotland.  Was  with 
the  fleet  at  Scapa  Flow  and  with  the  mine 
sweepers  on  the  North  Sea  for  about  six 
months. 


HENRY  GEORGE  COOPER,  JR. 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Lieutenant  Commander,  U.  S.  Regular 
Navy.  Born  November  25,  1888.  Son  of 
Henry  George  Cooper,  Sr.  Entered  ser- 
vice May  5,  1905.  Promoted  to  Lieuten- 
ant Commander  July  15,  1918.  At  sea 
continuously  during  the  war. 


150 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


CARLYLE   CLARENCE   CREWS 
Hester,   X.   C. 

Seaman,  2nd  class,  U.  S.  X.  R.  F.  Born 
November  3,  1896.  Son  of  E.  R.  Crews. 
Entered  service  June  4,  1918,  at  U.  S.  Re- 
ceiving- Ship,  Norfolk,  Va.  Released  from 
active  duty  June  9,  1919. 


EDWARD    ABBOTT    DANIEL 
Stovall,   N.   C. 
First   Class   Fireman,   age   20.     Born    in 
Granville      Countv.  Volunteered      from 

Charleston,  W.  Va.,  in  U.  S.  N.  R.  F.  May 
23,  1918.  Went  into  training  at  Hampton 
Roads.  Va.  Drafted  on  U.  S.  S.  Alabama,. 
Served  six  weeks.  Transferred  to  U.  S.  S. 
Elinor.  Made  two  trips  to  France,  was 
then  transferred  to  transport  Orizaba  to 
bring  troops  from  France  and  made  five 
trips  in  this  service.  Released  September 
11,   1919. 


EUGENE  THOMAS  CREWS 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Son  of  Eugene  Thomas  Crews  and  Em- 
ma Greenwood  Lunsford.  Born  July  10, 
1885.  Enlisted  in  the  Marine  Corps  in 
June,  1918.  Received  training  at  Paris 
Island.  Honorably  discharged  March  1, 
1919. 


WILLIAM  PRESSLEY  DAVIS 
Stovall,  N.  C. 
First-Class  Machinist  Mate,  Civil  En- 
gineer Duties,  U.  S.  N.  R.  F.  Born  July 
6,  1895.  Son  of  Camilla  Webb  Davis.  En- 
tered service  June  28,  1918,  at  U.  S.  Na- 
val Training  Station,  Hampton  Roads,  Va. 
Served  on  U.  S.  S.  Maggie;  U.  S.  S.  Dela- 
ware; Public  Works  Office,  5th  Naval  Dis- 
trict Headquarters,  Hampton  Roads,  Va.; 
Naval  Air  Station,  Morehead  City,  N.  C. 
Released   from    active   duty   July   9,    1919. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


151 


CHESTER  CARL  ELLINGTON 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Second-Class  Seaman.  Born  May  1, 
1897.  Son  of  J.  M.  Ellington.  Entered 
service  May  28,  1918.  Overseas  two  trips. 
Served  on  U.  S.  S.  Wieldricht.  Released 
from   active   duty   January   12,   1919. 


JOHN  MOREHEAD  EMMETT 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Liuetenant,  Senior  Gi-ade,  U.  S.  S.  N. 
R.  F.  Born  June  17,  1893.  Son  of  Dr.  J. 
M.  M.  and  Mrs.  Candace  Emmett-Brown. 
Entered  service  August,  1917,  at  Quanti- 
co,  Va.  Went  overseas  October  8,  1918. 
Stationed  at  Base  Hospital  No.  5,  Brest, 
France.  Honorably  discharged  June  25, 
1919. 


EDWIN  THOMAS  FULLER 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Seaman,  2nd  class,  U.  S.  N.  R.  F.  On  U. 
S.  S.  Wyoming.  Born  September  26,  1896. 
Son  of  Lucius  and  Hennis  Fuller.  Entered 
service  August  11,  1918,  at  Naval  Operat- 
ing Base,  Norfolk,  Va.  Went  overseas  in 
October,  1918.  Released  from  active  duty 
February  5,  1919. 


CLYDE  EARL  GOOCH 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Yeoman,  3rd  class,  Wireless  Station,  U. 
S.  Naval  Operating  Base,  Hampton  Roads, 
Va.  Born  June  12,  1896.  Son  of  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  D.  J.  Gooch.  Entered  service  May 
17,  1918,  at  Raleigh,  N.  C.  Stationed  at 
Hampton  Roads,  5th  Naval  District.  Re- 
leased   from   active   duty   Junuary   2,    1919. 


154 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


ADCUS  B.  WILSON 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Seaman,  2nd  class,  Submarine  Destroy- 
er, No.  319.  Born  July  22,  1896.  Son  of 
W.  J.  Wilson.  Entered  service  June  10, 
1918,  at  St.  Helena  Training  Station, 
Norfolk,  Va.  Overseas  six  months  on  con- 
voy duty.  Released  from  active  duty  Jan- 
uary 1,   1919. 


WILLIAM  REID  WILSON 
Stovall,  N.  C. 
Volunteered  at  the  age  of  twenty  in  U. 
S.  N.  R.  F.  at  Washington,  D.  C,  July  18, 
1918,  as  third-class  fireman.  Called  to 
active  service  September  12,  1918,  at  Na- 
val Operating  Base,  Hampton  Roads,  Va. 
Assigned  to  sea  duty  October  27,  1918, 
on  U.  S.  S.  South  Carolina.  Released  from 
active    service    January    14,    1919. 


DORSEY  HESTER  WRENN 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Seaman,  1st  class,  U.  S.  S.  Michigan. 
Born  June  15,  1893.  Son  of  James  W.  and 
Carrie  Wrenn.  Entered  service  July  2, 
1917,  at  U.  S.  Naval  Training  Station, 
Providence,  R.  I.  Overseas  six  months  on 
convoy  duty.  Released  from  active  service 
June   7,  1919. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


155 


Historical  Dates  in  the  World  War 


July 

23 

July 

28- 

July 

29 

July 

29 

Aug. 

1- 

Aug. 

1 

Aug. 

2- 

Aug. 

9. 

Aug. 

9. 

1914  Aug.  23 

June  28 — Archduke   Francis   Ferdinand   of     Aug.  23 

Austria-Hungary   assassinated. 

Austrian  ultimatum  to  Serbia.  Aug.  23 

Austria  declares  war  on  Serbia. 
— Russia  calls  reserves  to  colors. 

Bombardment  of  Belgrade. 
— Germany  declares  war  on  Russia. 

France   orders   mobilization. 

Germans  enter  Luxemburg. 
— German  ultimatum  to  Belgium. 

First  skirmish  between  Germans 

and  Russians. 
Aug.    2 — First  skirmish  between  Germans 

and  French. 
— Germany  declares  war  on  France. 

Germany  invades   Belgium. 
— Great   Britain   declares    war    on 

Germany. 
— Italy  proclaims  neutrality. 

Germans  attack  Liege. 
— Austria  declares  war  on  Russia. 

Montenegro      declares      war     on 

Austria. 
Aug.    7-8 — French   invade   Alsace    (taking 

Altkirch  and  Mulhausen). 
Aug.    9 — Germans  take  Liege. 
Aug.    9 — Serbia  declares  war  on  Germany. 
Aug.  10 — France  declares  war  on  Austria. 
Aug.  11 — Germans   enter    France    through 

Luxemburg. 
Aug.  11 — French  driven  from   Mulhausen. 
Aug.  12 — Great   Britain    declares    war    on 

Austria-Hungary. 
Aug.  12 — Montenegro  declares  war  on  Ger- 
many. 
Aug.  16-23 — Serbians    defeat   Austrians    in 

battle  of  the  Jadar. 
Aug.  19 — Belgians  defeated  before  Louvain. 
Aug.  20 — Germans  enter   Brussels. 
Aug.  20-21 — Russians    defeat    Germans    at 

Gumbinnen. 
Aug.  22 — Germans  take  Namur. 
Aug.  23— British   and   French   defeated   at     Oct.  18 

Mons  and  Chareloi. 


Aug. 

3 

Aug. 

4 

Aug. 

4 

Aug. 

4 

Aug. 

5- 

Aug. 

6- 

Aug. 

8- 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 


Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 

Sept. 

Sept. 
Sept. 

Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 

Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 

Sept. 


26 
26 

27 
27 
2 

28 
29 


2 
4 

5 
9 

7 

12 
13 
16 

9,9, 


Sept 

.26- 

Sept 

.27- 

Sept 

.29- 

Oct. 

9- 

Oct. 

10- 

Oct. 

12- 

Oct. 

13- 

Oct. 

14- 

Oct. 

15- 

Oct. 

15-: 

Oct. 

17-: 

Japan  declares  war  on  Germany. 

-Sept.  6 — Retreat  of  British-French 
Mons  to  the  Marne. 

26 — Austrians   defeat   Russians   at 
battle  of  Krasnik. 

—Austria  declares  war  on  Japan. 

— Germans  surrender  Togoland. 
First  bomb  dropped  from  Zeppe- 
lin on  Antwerp. 
Surrender  of  Longway. 
■Burning  of  Louvain. 

— Naval  battle  off  Helgoland. 

— Austria  declares  war  on  Belgium. 

-31 — Germans  defeat    Russians    in 
battle  of  Tannenberg. 

— Japanese  land  on  Shantung  pen- 
insula. 
—Russians  take  Lemberg. 
8 — Russians  defeat  Austrians,  Ra- 
waruska  and  Tomaszov. 
10— Battle  of  the  Marne. 
—Surrender  of  Maubeuge. 
13 — Germans   defeat    Russians   in 

East  Prussia. 
15 — Battle  of  the  Aisne. 
—French  retake  Reims. 

— Germans  bombard  Reims  cathe- 
dral. 

— British   cruisers  Aboukir,    Cres- 
sy  and  Hogue  sunk  by  submarine. 

— Germans  take  St.  Mihiel. 

-Oct.  3 — Battle  of  the  Niemen  and 
Augustowa. 

-30— Battle  of  Tarnow. 

—Capture  of  Antwerp. 

12— Battle  of  Lille. 

—Germans  capture  Ghent. 

—Germans  take  Lille. 

—Germans  take  Bruges. 

—Germans  take  Ostend. 

23— Battle  of  Warsaw. 

Nov.  11 — Battle  of  Ypres  and  the 
Yser. 

—Battle   of    destroyers    off    Dutch 
coast. 


156 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


Oct.  26 — Italians  occupy  Avlona,  Albania.     Feb. 
Oct.  29 — Turkey  begins  hostilities  against 

Russia.  Mar. 

Nov.    1 — Sea  battle  off  Coronel,  Chili. 
Nov.    4 — British  attack  on  Tanga,  German     Mar. 

East  Africa,  defeated.  Mar. 

Nov.    5 — Great   Britain   declares    war    on 

Turkey. 
Nov.    7 — Japanese  take  Tsing-tau.  Mar. 

Nov.    9 — German      cruiser      Emden      de-     Mar. 

stroyed. 
Nov.  16 — German  success  on  Plock-Warthe     Mar. 

line,   Poland. 
Nov.  19-28 — Battle  of  Lodz.  Apr. 

Nov.  23 — Portugal  joins  the  Allies. 
Dec.     2 — Austrians  take  Belgrade.  Apr. 

Dec.     6 — Germans  take  Lodz.  Apr. 

Dec.     6-14 — Serbians  defeat  Austrians  ;  re- 
take Belgrade.  Apr. 
Dec.     8 — Naval  battle  off  Falkland  Islands. 
Dec.     9 — British  take  Kurna,  Mesopotamia.     Apr. 
Dec.  16 — German     raid    on     Scarborough, 

England.  Apr. 

Dec.  17 — British     proclaim      protectorate 

over  Egypt.  Apr. 

Dec.  18- — Germans  take  Lowiez. 
Dec.  25 — British  sea  and  air  raid  on  Cux-     May 

haven. 

1915  May 

Jan.  3-4 — Turkish  defeat  in  the  Caucasus.     May 
Jan.     3 — French  take  Steinbach. 
Jan.  14 — French  defeated  at  Soissons.  May 

Jan.  17 — Russians  take  Kirlibaba  pass. 
Jan.  24 — Naval  battle  off  Dogger  Bank. 
Feb.     4 — Germans      proclaim     submarine     May 

blockade  of  British  Isles  to  begin 

February   18th.  May 

Feb.  2-3 — Turks  attack  Suez  Canal. 
Feb.  10 — President  Wilson's  strict  accoun-     May 

tability  note  to  Germany.  May 

Feb.   11-12 — Russians     driven     from     East 

Prussia.  May 

Feb.  16 — French  take  Perthes.  May 

Feb.   18 — Austrians  take  Czernowitz.  June 

Feb.  19 — Naval     attack     on     Dardanelles     June 

forts. 
Feb.  25 — Second  naval  attack    on    Darda-     June 

nelles.  June 


28-Mar.  1 — Russian  offensive  in  Nor- 
thern Poland. 

10 — German  cruiser  Prinz  Eitel 
Freidrich  enters  Newport  News. 

10-12— Battle  of  Neuve  Chapelle. 

18 — Third  naval  attack  on  Darda- 
nelles forts  repulsed ;  three  bat- 
tleships sunk. 

20 — Russians  take  Memel. 

22 — Surrender  of  Przemysl  and  Aus- 
trian army. 

28 — Passenger  steamer  Falaba  sunk 

by  submarine;  111  lost. 
4 — Russians  go  through  the  Beskid 

range,  Hungary. 
4-9 — Battle  of  Les  Eparges. 

11 — German  cruiser  Kronprinz  Wil- 
helm  enters  Hampton  Roads. 

22-24— Second  battle  of  Ypres  (St. 
Julien)  ;  first  use  of  gas. 

23 — British  victory  at  Shaiba,  Meso- 
potamia. 

25 — British  and  French  land  on  Gal- 
lipoli. 

30 — Germans  advance  into  Kovno 
and  Courland. 

2 — American  ship  Gulflight  torpe- 
doed. 

2 — Germans  take  Shavli. 

2 — Battle  of  Gorlice;  Russian  front 
broken  in  Galicia. 

7 — Lusitania  sunk,  with  a  loss  of 
1,154  lives,  114  of  whom  were 
Americans. 

11 — French   take   Carency   and   Notre 

Dame  de  Lorette. 
13 — President   Wilson   protests 

tania  sinking. 
15-17_Battle  of  the  San. 
16 — Four  Zeppelins   destroyed 
raid  on  England. 

16— Battle  of  Festubert. 

23 — Italy  declares  war  on  Austria. 

2 — Germans  retake  Przemysl. 
9 — Second  American  note  on  subma- 
rine sinkings. 

20 — German   victory  at   Rawaruska. 

22 — Austrians  retake  Lemberg. 


Lusi- 


m   air 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


157 


June  28 — United  States  protests  sinking  of 
the  Frye. 

July    2-4 — Battle  of  Krasnik. 

July  9 — German  southwest  Africa  surren- 
dered to  Anglo-Boer  force. 

July  14 — German  offensive  in  North  Po- 
land. 

July  23 — Third  American  note  on  subma- 
rines. 

Aug.    4 — Russians  evacuate  Warsaw. 

Aug.  10 — Allied  attack  in  Gallipoli  fails. 

Aug.  15 — American  reply  to  Austria-Hun- 
gary protest  on  arms  traffic. 

Aug.  18 — Germans  take  Kovno. 

Aug.  19 — Arabic  torpedoed,  with  a  loss  of 
44  lives. 

Aug.  19 — Germans  take  Novogeorgievsk. 

Aug.  21 — Italy  declares  war  on  Turkey. 

Aug.  26 — Germans  take  Byalystok  and 
Brest-Litovsk. 

Sept.    1 — Austrians  take  Lutsk. 

Sept.    2 — Germans  take  Grodno. 

Sept.  8 — Grand  Duke  Nicholas  removed 
from  command  of  Russia  armies. 

Sept.  9 — American  note  on  Arabic  sink- 
ing. 

Sept.  9 — United  States  demands  recall  of 
Austrian   Ambassador   Dumba. 

Sept.    9 — Russian  success  on  Sereth  River. 

Sept.    9 — Austrians  take  Dubno. 

Sept.  18 — Germans   take   Vilna. 

Sept.  22 — Bulgaria   orders    mobilization. 

Sept.  25 — Battle  of  Loos. 

Sept.  25 — Battle  of   Champagne. 

Oct.     3 — Russian  ultimatum  to  Bulgaria. 

Oct.  5 — German  reply  in  Arabic  case 
concedes  American  points. 

Oct.  6 — German  -  Austrian  offensive 
against  Serbia ;  Danube  crossed. 

Oct.     8 — Belgrade  taken. 

Oct.   12 — Bulgarians   invade   Serbia. 

Oct.   13— Execution  of  Edith  Cavell. 

Oct.   14 — Bulgaria  declares  war  on  Serbia. 

Oct.  15 — Britain  declares  war  on  Bulgaria. 

Oct.  22 — Greece  refuses  offer  of  Great 
Britain  to  cede  Cyprus. 

Oct.  24 — Bulgarians  take   Uskup. 


Oct  28- 


Oct. 

29- 

Nov. 

5- 

Nov. 

9 

Nov. 

22- 

Nov. 

30- 

Dec. 

3- 

Dec. 

3 

Dec. 

5 

Dec. 

6 

Dec. 

11 

Dec.  15 


Dec. 

20- 

Dec. 

21- 

Dec. 

27- 

Dec. 

30 

Jan. 

13- 

Jan. 

16- 

Jan. 

19- 

Feb. 

16 

Feb. 

18- 

Feb. 

20- 

Feb. 

26 

Mar. 

15- 

Mai- 

.24 

Mar. 

.26- 

— Viviani  resigns     as     premier     of 

France. 
— Italian  attack  on  the  Isonzo. 
— Bulgarians   take   Nish. 
— Italian  liner    Ancona    torpedoed, 

with  a  loss  of  more  than  200  lives. 
-24 — Battle  of  Ctespihon,  Mesopota- 
mia. 
— Second    Italian    attack      on      the 

Isonzo. 
— United   States  demands   recall  of 

Boy-Ed  and  Von   Papen. 
-12 — Anglo-French  troops  defeated 

on  Vardar. 
— Bulgarians  take  Monastir. 
— British  retreat  to  Kut-el-Amara. 
— United   States    protests    Ancona 

sinking. 
— Sir  Douglas   Haig    succeeds    Sir 

John   French     in     command     of 

British  forces. 
—British  withdraw  from  Gallipoli. 
22 — French   take    Hartmans-Weil- 

erkopf. 
— British   defeat     Arab     revolt   in 

West  Egypt. 
— Liner  Persia  sunk,  with  a  loss  of 

392  lives,  including  an  American 

Consul. 

1916 

Austrians   take    Cettinje,    M3nte- 

negro. 

Russians  begin  drive  in  Caucas- 
us. 

■King     Nicholas   of      Montenegro 

flees. 

-Russians   take    Erzeroum. 
— Allied  conquest  of  Cameroons. 

German  offensive  at  Verdun  bs- 

gun. 

Germans   take    Fort   Douaumont. 

Von  Tirpitz   retires     as  head  of 

German   navy. 

-Steamer   Sussex   torpedoed.      No 

lives  lost. 

Britsih    naval    air    raid    on     Jut- 
land. 


158 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


Mar.  31 — Russian   hospital    ship    Portugal     Aug. 

sunk.  Aug. 

Apr.   18 — Russians  take   Trebizond.  Aug. 

Apr.   19 — President  Wilson's  note  regard-     Aug. 

ing  the  torpedoing  of  the  Sussex. 
Apr.  21 — Arrest   of   Sir   Roger   Casement.     Aug. 
Apr.  24 — Irish   rebellion. 
Apr.  28 — General   Townshend    surrenders     Aug. 

British   force    at    Kut-el-Amara. 
May     1 — Dublin   rebels  surrender.  Aug. 

May     5 — Germany  promises  to  stop  sink-     Sept. 

ing  without  warning.  Sept. 

May  15 — Austrian   drive   in   Trentino    be- 
gun. Sept. 
May  23- — British     Commons     adopt     con-     Sept. 

scription.  Sept. 

May  27 — Austrians  take  Asiago. 
May  31 — Naval  battle  off  Jutland.     Brit-     Sept. 

ish   lose  the   dreadnaught   Queen 

Mary   and   three   armored   cruis-     Oct. 

ers.     The   German   loss  was  the 

battle  cruiser  Luetzoiv,  four  light     Oct.     8 

cruisers  and  five  destroyers. 
June  1-7 — German   drive   on     Douaumont-     Oct. 

Vaux.  Oct. 

June  2-16 — Third  battle  of  Ypres. 
June  4-Aug.  15 — Russian  offensive  Pripet     Oct. 

to   Roumania.  Oct. 

June     6 — Lord     Kitchener     drowned     by     Nov. 

sinking  of  cruiser  Hampshire. 
June     6 — Russians  take  Lutsk.  Nov. 

June     7 — Germans  take  Fort  Vaux. 
June  10 — Russians  take  Dubno.  Nov. 

June  13 — Shereef   of   Mecca   revolts   from     Nov. 

Turkey. 
June  17 — Russians  take  Czernowitz.  Nov. 

June  25 — Russians   complete   conquest     of     Nov. 

Bukowina. 
July     1 — First  battle   of  the   Somme    be- 
gun. Dec. 
July     9 — German     merchant      submarine     Dec. 

Deutschland  arrives  at  Baltimore. 
July  11 — British  take  Contalmaison.  Dec. 

July  26 — Russians  take  Erzingam. 
Aug.    4 — Roger  Casement  executed.  Dec. 

Aug.    4 — French  retake  Fleury  and  Thiau-     Dec. 

mont.  Dec. 

Aug.    9 — Italians  take  Gorizia. 


11 — Italians  take  Carso  plateau. 

18 — Bulgarians  enter    North    Greece. 

27 — Italy  declares  war  on  Germany. 

27 — Bulgarians  enter  Greek  Mace- 
donia. 

28 — Roumania  declares  war  on  Aus- 
tria. 

29 — Hindenburg  becomes  German 
chief  of  staff. 

30 — Roumanians  take  Kronstadt. 
2 — Roumanians  take    Hermanstadt. 
2-8 — Bulgarians      defeat      Rouman- 
ians in  Dodrudja. 
6 — Russian  victory  near  Halicz. 

15 — First  use  of  British  tanks. 

19-23 — Roumanians  defeated  at  Vul- 
can Pass. 

26 — British  take  Combles  and    Thie- 

pval. 
7 — German   submarine    U-50   enters 
Newport. 

U-53  sinks  six  ships  off  Massa- 
chusetts coast. 

11-13 — Italian  advance  on  the  Carso. 

17 — Allies  take  over  Greek  fleet  and 
land  forces. 

23 — Roumanians  lose  Canstansa. 

24 — French  retake  Fort  Douaumont. 
1 — Merchant  submarine  Deutschland 
arrives  at  New  London. 

15-17 — Roumanians  defeated  in  bat- 
tle of  Tirgu-Juil. 

19 — Serbians  take  Monastir. 

21 — Emperor  Francis  Joseph  dies ; 
Carl  succeeds. 

25 — French   retake   Fort  Vaux. 

29 — Sir  David  Beatty  succeeds  Sir 
John  Jellicoe  in  command  of 
British  fleet. 

2 — Entente  troops  move  on  Athens. 

3 — Roumanians  beaten  in  battle  of 
Argechu. 

5 — Asquith  resigns  as  premier  of 
Britain. 

6 — Teutonic   allies   take   Bucharest. 

10 — Lloyd   George  forms  ministry. 

11 — Nivelle  succeeds  Joffre  in  com- 
mand of  French. 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


159 


Dec.  15 — Brilliant  French  victory  north  of 
Verdun. 

1917 

Jan.  11 — Entente  replies  to  President  Wil- 
son on  aims. 

Jan.  11 — British  take  Rata,  Sinai  Penin- 
sula. 

Jan.  31 — Germany  announces  resumption 
of  submarine  ruthlessness  after 
February  1st. 

Feb.  3 — President  Wilson  announces  se- 
verance of  diplomatic  relations 
with  Germany. 

Feb.    3-5 — British  advance  on  the  Ancre. 

Feb.    7 — California  torpedoed. 

Feb.  24 — German  withdrawal  on  Somme 
detected. 

Feb.  24 — British   take   Sanna-y-Yat. 

Feb.  25 — Laconia  sunk. 

Feb.  25 — British   take   Kut-el-Amara. 

Feb.  26 — President  Wilson  asks  Congress 
for  authority  to  arm  merchant 
ships. 

Feb.  28 — Zimmerman's  Mexican  plot  ex- 
posed. 

Mar.  9 — President  Wilson  orders  arming 
of  merchant  ships. 

Mar.  9-11 — Revolutionary  riots  in  Petro- 
grad. 

Mar.  11 — British  take  Bagdad. 

Mar.  15 — Czar  Nicholas  abdicates ;  repub- 
lic organized,  Lvoff  premier. 

Mar.  17 — British  take  Bapaume  and  Chaul- 
nes ;  French  Roye  and  Lassigny. 

Mar.  17 — Briand  cabinet  resigns. 

Mar.  18 — Peronne  and  Nesle  taken. 

Mar.  19 — French  take  Chauny  and  Ham. 

Mar.  24 — French  before  LeFere. 

Mar.  31 — British   before    Hindenburg   line. 

Apr.     1 — French  take  Vauxaillon. 

Apr.  2 — American  armed  steamer  Aztec 
torpedoed,  11  drowned. 

Apr.  2 — President  Wilson  asks  Congress 
to  declare  war. 

Apr.     4 — Senate  passes  war  resolution. 

Apr.  4 — Germans  defeat  Russians  on  the 
Stokhod. 

Apr.     6 — President  Wilson  proclaims  war. 

Apr.     7 — Cuba   declares   war. 


Apr.     9 


Apr. 

Apr. 

Apr. 
Apr. 

Apr. 
Apr. 
Apr. 
Apr. 

Apr. 

May 
May 

May 
May 

May 
May 

May 

June 

June 
June 


9 
10 

14 
14 

16 

1 

19 

22 

28- 

4- 

4- 

5- 

7- 

12- 

14- 

29- 

5 

7 
9 


June  12 


June 

12- 

June 

13- 

June 

13 

June 

26 

June 

28- 

July 

1- 

July 

2- 

July 

9- 

July 

8- 

July 

11- 

July 

14- 

—Austria-Hungary     severs    diplo- 
matic relations  with  U.  S. 
—British  take  Vimy  ridge. 
—Brazil    severs      diplomatic     rela- 
tions with  Germany. 
—British  take  Lievin. 
17— Congress  passes  $7,0000,000,- 
000  war  bond  bill, 
— Nivelle's  offensive  begun. 

— French  take  Vailly. 

French   take   Fort   de   Conde. 

— Hospital     ships     Lafrancs     and 
Donegal  torpedoed. 

— Congress  passes  conscription  bill. 

— French  take   Craonne. 

—First     squadron     United     States 
navy  reaches  England. 

—French  take  Chemin  des  Dames. 

—Greek  Venizelist  troops  first  go 

into   action   beside   Allies. 
13 — Italian  offensive  on  the  Isonzo. 

—President  Wilson  calls  for  forty- 
four  new  regiments  of  regulars. 

—Hospital  ship  Dover  Castle    tor- 
pedoed. 

— First    conscription     registration 
day  in  United  States. 

— British  take  Messines  ridge. 

— President's    note   to     Russia     on 
war  aims. 

— King  Constantine  of  Greece  ab- 
dicates. 

— Congress   passes   espionage   act. 

— General     Pershing     Arrives     in 
France. 

— Root  commission  reaches  Petro- 
grad. 

-27— First   United     States    contin- 
gent lands  in  France. 

— Brazil  revokes  neutrality. 

— Russians   begin   offensive   in   Ga- 
licia. 

— Greece  declares  war. 

— Mobilization    of   national     guard 
ordered. 

•10 — Russians  win  battle  of  Dolina. 

— British  reverse  on  Yser. 

■21 — Congress      passes      $640,000,- 
000  aviation  bill. 


160 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


July  19 


July 
July 


20 

22 


July  22 


July 
July 

July 
July 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 


Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 


23 
23 

25 
31 

2 

7 
10 

14 
14 

15 

18- 


19 
20 

24 
25 
28 


Aug.  30 

Sept.    3 

Sept. 

Sept.    8 


Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 


15 
20 
22 
26 


Oct.     4— 


Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 


9 
12 
13— 


— German  counter  offensive  breaks 
Russian  front  in  Galicia. 

— First   draft   drawing. 
•Kerensky  succeeds  Lyoff  as  pre- 
mier of  Russia. 
— Russian  soldiers  in  Galicia  refuse 

obedience  and  start  flight. 
— Germans  take  Tarnapol. 
■Council  of  workmen  and  soldiers 
makes  Kerensky  dictator. 
— Roumanians   take   offensive. 

—Allies  begin  Fourth  battle  of 
Ypres. 

— Brusiloff  and  Dimitrieff  resign. 

—Liberia  declares  war  on  Germany. 

11 — Second  British  advance  at 
Ypres. 

—Pope  makes  peace  proposal. 

—China  declares  war  on  Germany 
and  Austria-Hungary. 

16 — Third  advance  at  Ypres; 
Langemarck  and  Hill  70  taken. 

24 — Italian  offensive  on  Isonzo; 
take  Bainsizza  plateau,  Monte 
Santo  and  Monte  San  Gabriele. 

20 — Fourth  advance  at  Ypres. 

-French  take  Dead  Man's  Hill. 

—French  take  Hill  304,  Verdun. 

27 — Moscow  conference. 

—President  Wilson  rejects  Pope's 
peace  plan. 

—Company  E  left  Oxford,  N.  C, 
for  Camp  Sevier,  S.  C. 

— Germans   take   Riga. 

— Luxburg  sink-without-trace  dis- 
patch disclosed. 

— Korniloff    rebels    against    Keren- 
sky. 
-Korniloff  surrenders  to  Alexieff. 

—Fifth  British  advance  at  Ypres. 
Germans  take  Jacobstadt. 

— Sixth   advance   at    Ypres ;    take 
Zonnebeke  and  Polygon  wood. 
Seventh  advance  at  Ypres ;  Poel- 
capelle  taken. 
Eighth  advance  at   Ypres. 
Ninth  advance  at  Ypres. 
Germans    land    on    Oesel     Island, 
Baltic  Sea. 


Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 


18 

20 

22 
23 

21 


Oct.  25 


Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 

Oct. 
Oct. 

Nov. 

Nov. 
Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 
Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 

Nov. 

Dec. 


26 
26 
28 

30 

31 

3 

6 
6 

7 


9 

10 

10 
16 

17 

18 

18 
19 
20 

20 
30 


Dec. 

7 

Dec. 

8- 

Dec. 

8- 

Dec. 

10 

Battle   of   German    and    Russian 

fleets  in  Moon  Sound. 
—Five  Zeppelins  destroyed  in  raid 

on  London. 
—Tenth  advance  at  Ypres. 
—French  take  Fort  de  Malmaison. 
23 — Battle   of   Caporetta  ;     Italian 

front  broken. 
—French  drive  Germans  across  the 

Ailette. 
—Brazil  declares  war  on  Germany. 
30 — Eleventh  advance  at  Ypres. 
— Gorizia  retaken     by     Austrians ; 

Bainsizza  and  Carso  lost. 
— Austrians  take  Udine. 
—British  take  Beersheba,  Palestine. 

First  American  trench  fight    on 

Rhine-Marne  canal. 
— British  take  Passchendaele. 

British  take  Gaza. 
— Kerensky  overthrown  by  Bolshe- 

viki. 
— Italians  defeated     on  the  Taglia- 

mento. 

General  Diaz    succeeds    Cadorna 

in  command  of  Italians. 
— British  advance  on  Passchendaele 

ridge. 
—British  take  Askalon. 
17 — Kerensky  forces   defeated    by 

Bolsheviki. 
— British    gain    on    Passchendaele 

ridge. 
19 — Battle   of  the   Piave;   Italians 

hold. 
—British  take  Jaffa. 
—Death  of  General  Cyril  Maude. 
—Battle  of  Monte  Tomba. 
—British  attack  at  Cambrai. 
Dec.  7 — German  counter-attack  at 

Cambrai. 
— United   States   declares    war    on 

Austria-Hungary. 
— Roumania  agrees  to  armistice. 
— Trotzky  announces  suspension  of 

hostilities. 
— U.  S.  destroyer  Jacob  Jones  tor- 
pedoed. 
— British  take  Jerusalem. 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


161 


Dec.  14 — Germans  and  Bolsheviki  sign  ar- 
mistice. 

Dec.   19-21— Battle  of  Monte  Asolone. 

Dec.  28 — Provisional  peace  agreement  be- 
tween Bolsheviki  and  Germans. 
1918 

Jan.  8 — President  Wilson's  speech  stating 
fourteen  peace  articles. 

Jan.  20 — Bolsheviki  dissolve  Constituent 
Assembly. 

Jan.  20 — Breslau  sunk  in  naval  battle  off 
Dardanelles. 

Jan.  24-28 — Italian  success  on  Asiago  pla- 
teau. 

Feb.  6 — Tuscania  torpedoed  ;  212  Ameri- 
can soldiers  lost. 

Feb.  9 — Ukraine  government  signs  sepa- 
rate peace. 

Feb.  11 — Bolsheviki  declare  end  of  the 
war. 

Feb.  16 — Sir  Henry  Hughes  Wilson  suc- 
ceeds Sir  William  Robertson  as 
British  chief  of  staff. 

Feb  17 — Germans  announce  end  of  armis- 
tice with  Bolsheviki. 

Feb.  18 — Germans  advance  across  the 
Dvina. 

Feb  19 — Germans  take  Dvinsk  and  Lutsk. 

Feb.  20 — Germans  enter  Esthonia. 

Feb.  22— British  take   Jericho. 

Feb.  23 — New  German  terms  to  Bolsheviki. 

Feb.  25 — Germans  take  Reval  and  Pskov. 

Feb.  27— Hospital  ship  Glenart  Castle 
torpedoed;  164  lost. 

Mar.    1 — Austrian  armies  enter     Ukraine. 

Mar.  3 — Bolsheviki  agree  to  the  German 
terms. 

Mar.    7 — Peace  treaty  with  Roumania. 

Mar.  10 — Germans   land   in   Finland. 

Mar.  13 — Austrians   take   Odessa. 

Mar.  21 — German  drive  on  Cambrai-Saint 
Quentin  front  begins. 

Mar.  23— Germans  first  shell  Paris  with 
76-mile  gun. 

Mar.  24 — Germans  take  Ham  and  Chauny. 

Mar.  25 — Germans  take  Bapaume. 

Mar.  26 — Germans  take   Noyon  and   Roye. 

Mar.  27— Germans  take  Albert. 

Mar.  28 — Germans   take    Montdidier. 


Mar.  28- 
Mar.  28- 

Mar.  29- 

Mar.30- 

Mar.  31- 
Apr.  5 
Apr.  6 

Apr.  9 

Apr.  11 
Apr.  12 
Apr.  14 

Apr.  16 

Apr.  17 

Apr.  20 

Apr.  23 

Apr.  25 
Apr.  26 

Apr.  27- 


Apr. 

29 

May 

10- 

May 

12- 

May 

16- 

May 

27- 

May 

28- 

May 

28- 

May 

29- 

May 

30- 

May 

31- 

—Germans   repulsed   before  Arras. 
-British   defeat     Turks     at     Hit, 

Mesopotamia. 
-Foch  appointed  Allied  generalis- 
simo. 
-Germans  take  Grivesnes,  Moreuil 

and  Demuin. 
-Moreuil  and  Demuin  retaken. 
—Japanese  land  at  Vladivostok. 
7 — Germans     ad  v  a  n  c  e      from 

Chauny;   take     Folembray     and 

Pierremonde. 
— German  drive  at  Armentieres  be- 
gun. 
— Germans  take  Armentieres. 

-Haig's    back-to-wall   order. 

-British  and  French  land  on  Kola 

Peninsula. 
— Germans  take  Bailleul  and  Wyt- 

schaete ;  British  retire  from  Pas- 

schendaele. 
—French  reinforce  British  on  the 

Lys. 
—Americans  repulse  German  raid 

at  Seicheprey. 
—British  naval  raid  on  Zeebrugge 

and  Ostend. 
26 — Germans  take  Mont  Kemmel. 
— Americans  in  line     on     Picardy 

front. 
28 — Battle  at  Locre  and  Voorme- 

zeele ;   British     again     withdraw 

before  Ypres. 
— General   German   attack   on   Lys 

sector  repulsed. 
— Second  British  naval  raid  on  Os- 
tend. 
— Company     E,      120th     Infantry, 

sailed  for  Liverpool,  England. 

-Italian  naval  raid  on  Pola  sinks 

battleship. 

-Germans      take      Chemin      des 

Dames. 

-Germans   advance   to   the   Vesle. 

-First   American   offensive ;    take 

Cantigny. 

Germans  take  Soissons. 

Germans  cross  the  Ourcq. 

■Germans  reach  the  Marne. 


162 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


May  31 — President  Lincoln  sunk;  26  lost.  Aug. 

May  31 — German  counter-attacks  on  Can-  Aug. 

tigny  repulsed  by  Americans. 

June    2 — Germans   take   Chateau   Thierry.  Aug. 

June    2 — American  marines  reach  front  at  Aug. 

Chateau  Thierry. 

June    3 — Submarine  off     American     coast  Aug. 

sinks   Carolina  and   other   ships.  Aug. 

June    6-7-10-11 — American     marines    take  Aug. 

Belleau  Wood.  Aug. 

June    9 — German     drive,    Montdidier     to  Aug. 

Noyon. 

June  15-23 — Austrian  drive  on  Piave.  Aug. 

June  25 — Austrians  driven  across  Piave.  Aug. 

June  26 — Americans  take  Belleau  ridge.  Aug. 

June  30 — Italians  take  Monte  de    Valbella  Aug. 

and  Monte  del  Rosso.  Aug. 

July     1 — Hospital    ship    Llandovery    Cos-  Aug. 

tie  sunk;  234  lost.  Aug. 

July     1 — Americans  take  Vaux.  Aug. 
July     4 — Czecho-Slovaks  take  Vladivostok 

July     6— Italians  clear  Piave  delta.  Aug. 

July     7 — German  ambassador  at    Moscow  Aug. 

assassinated.  Aug. 

July     7-12 — Italians  advance  in  Albania.  Aug. 
July  15 — Germans     begin      Marne-Cham- 

pagne  drive.  Sept. 

July  18 — Allied    counter-attack    on    Aisne  Sept. 

and  Marne. 

July  19 — Cruiser  San  Diego  sunk  off  Long  Sept. 

Island.  Sept. 
July  20 — Germans  recross  the  Marne. 

July  21 — Chateau  Thierry  recaptured.  Sept. 

July  27 — Germans  retire  to  the  Ourcq.  Sept. 
July  28 — Allies  take  Fers-en-Tardenois. 

July  29-30— Battle  of  Sergy.  Sept. 
Aug    2 — French  take  Soissons. 

Aug.    3 — Germans  retire  across  the  Vesle.  Sept. 

Aug.    4 — Americans  take   Fismes.  Sept. 
Aug.    5 — Allies  land  at  Archangel. 

Aug.    6 — Foch  made  marshal.  Sept. 
Aug.    7 — Allies  cross  Vesle. 

Aug.    8 — Allied  drive  on  Amiens  front  be-  Sept. 

gun.  Sept. 
Aug.    9 — Americans  take  Fismette.  Sept. 
Aug.  10 — Montdidier  retaken.  Sept. 
Aug.  11 — Nine  fishing  boats  sunk  off  Mas- 
sachusetts coast.  Sept. 


14 — French  take   Bibecourt. 

14 — American   troops   land  at  Vladi- 
vostok. 

14 — British  reach  Baku. 

19 — French  begin  drive  south  of  the 
Oise. 

21 — French  take  Lassigny. 

21 — British  attack  Albert  to  Arras. 

21 — Germans  driven  across  Oise. 

22— British  take  Albert. 

22 — Bolsheviki    declare     war     exists 
with  United  States. 

24 — British  take  Bray  and  Thiepval 

24 — Austrians  retake  Berat. 

27 — French  take  Roye  and  Nesle. 

28 — Chaulnes  retaken. 

28-29 — Americans   attack   Juvigny. 

29 — Noyon  retaken. 

29 — British  recross  the  Somme. 

29 — Americans  lose  Fismette  and  Ba- 
zoches. 

30 — British  take  Combles. 

30 — British  retake  Bailleul. 

31 — British  retake  Mont  Kemmel. 

31-Sept.   2 — Japanese   defeat    Bolshe- 
viki on  Ussuri  River. 
1 — British  take  Peronne. 
2 — British    bi-eak    Drocourt-Queant 

line. 
5 — French  recover  Aisne-Ailette  line. 
6 — Germans   retreat   to   Hindenburg 

line. 
7 — French  take  Fort  de  Conde. 

12 — Americans  take  St.    Mihiel    sal- 
ient. 

14 — Drive   on   Macedonian   front  be- 
gun. 

16 — Frenc  htake  Vailly. 

18 — British  attack  Cambrai-St.  Quen- 
tin  front. 

20 — Turks  defeated  north  of  Jerusa- 
lem. 

22 — British  take  Nazareth. 

23 — Serbians   reach  the  Vardar. 

24 — British  take  Haifa  and  Acre. 

26 — American  campaign  on  the  Meuse 
begun. 

26 — French  drive  in  Champagne. 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


163 


Sept.  27 — Bulgarians  ask  for  armistice. 
Sept.  27 — British  attack  Hindenburg    line. 
Sept.  29— Battle   of    Bellicourt,    30th   Divi- 
sion smashes  Hindenburg  Line. 
Sept.  29 — French  take  Fort  de  Malmaison. 
Sept.  29 — Belgians  begin  drive ;  take  Hou- 

thoulst  forest. 
Sept.  30 — Bulgaria  surrenders. 
Sept.  30 — Messines  ridge  retaken. 
Sept.  30 — Turks  surrender  west  of  Jordan. 
1 — British  take  Damascus. 
2 — St.  Quentin  taken. 
3 — British   go   through    Hindenburg 

line  north  of  St.  Quentin. 
3 — French  take  Challerange. 
3 — Le  Catelet  taken. 
3 — Lens  and  Armentieres  retaken. 
4 — Naval  attack  on  Durazzo. 
6-19 — American     advance     on     the 

Meuse. 
5 — King  Ferdinand  of  Bulgaria  ab- 
dicates. 
6 — Germany  asks  peace  on  President 

Wilson's  terms. 
7 — Germans  retreat  north  of  Reims. 
7— Battle  of  St.  Souplet. 
8 — Cambrai-St.  Quentin  front  smash- 
ed. 
Oct.  10 — Le  Cateau  taken. 

12 — Germany   again    offers   to   accept 

President  Wilson's  terms. 
12 — French  take   Craonne  and    Vou- 

ziers. 
13 — Serbians  take  Nish. 
14 — Roulers  taken. 
15 — Menin   and  Thorout  taken. 
Oct.  15 — Americans  break  Kreimhilde  line. 
Oct.  15 — Americans  take   Grand   Pre. 
Oct.  17 — Ostend,  Courtrai  and     Lille     re- 
taken. 
Oct.  18 — Bruges,    Zeebrugge     and     Thielt 

taken. 
Oct.   18 — Turcoing,    Roubaix    and     Dounai 

taken. 
Oct.  21 — Americans  take     Hill     299     and 
Bois  de  Rappa. 


Oct. 
Oco. 
Oct. 

Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 


Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 


Oct. 
Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 


Oct. 
Oct, 

Oct. 
Oct. 

Nov 

Nov 

Nov. 
Nov, 
Nov, 
Nov, 
Nov, 

Nov. 

Nov. 
Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 

Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 


22— British  reach  the  Scheldt. 
23 — President  Wilson's  reply  to  Ger- 
many. 
23 — Americans  take    Brieulles,    Hills 

297,  299  and  281. 
25 — Italians   begin   offensive   on     the 

Piave. 
27 — German  note ;  await  Allies'  terms 
27 — Ludendorff  resigns. 
27 — Italians  cross  the  Piave. 
27 — British  take  Aleppo. 
28 — Austria  sends  note  to   President 
Wilson  accepting  terms  and  ask- 
ing armistice. 
30 — Italians  take  Victoria. 
30— British    defeat      Turks      on      the 

Tigris. 
31 — Turkey  surrenders. 
31 — Austria   sends  commissioners    to 
Diaz. 
1 — Americans  again     attack  on  the 

Meuse. 
3 — Italians  occupy  Trent,    Rovereto 

and  Trieste. 
3 — Austria  surrenders. 
3 — British  take  Valenciennes. 
3 — Serbians  take  Belgrade. 
3 — Count  Tisza  assassinated. 
4 — Allied  war  council  agrees  on  ar- 
mistice terms. 
4 — British  success  on    Valenciennes 

sector. 
4 — Italians  take  Scutari. 
4 — Americans  cross  the  Meuse  and 

take  Dun. 
7 — Rebellion   in   German   navy. 
7 — Americans   reach   Sedan. 
9 — Kaiser  abdicates. 
9 — British  take  Tournai    and    Mau- 
beuge. 
11 — British  take  Mons. 
11,  11  A.  M.— ARMISTICE. 
12 — Republic  proclaimed  in  Berlin. 
19 — French  enter  Metz. 
21 — German  fleet  surrenders. 


164  GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


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GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


165 


Granville  County  Chapter,  American  Red  Cross 


Up  to  the  time  that  it  became  certain 
that  the  United  States  of  America  must  en- 
ter the  World  War  there  were  so  far  as 
known  but  two  members  of  the  American 
Red  Cross  in  Granville  County,  viz:  Mrs. 
Mary  R.  Delacroix,  who  joined  in  1915, 
and  Mrs.  W.  B.  Ballou,  who  joined  in  1916. 

Chiefly  through  the  efforts  of  Mrs.  R.  C. 
M.  Calvert,  a  daughter  of  Gen.  George  W. 
Davis,  for  many  years  Chairman  of  Cen- 
tral Committee,  A.  R.  C,  Washington,  D. 
C,  interest  was  aroused.  At  a  meeting  of 
women  held  April  11,  1917,  over  which 
Mrs.  John  Webb,  President  of  the  Woman's 
Club,  presided,  there  were  37  ladies  pres- 
ent, it  was  decided  to  effect  a  temporary 
organization.  Mrs.  R.  C.  M.  Calvert  was 
appointed  Chairman ;  Mrs..  N.  H.  Cannady, 
Secretary;  Mrs.  Mary  R.  Delacroix,  Treas- 
urer. 

On  April  24,  1917,  a  patriotic  meeting 
was  held  in  the  Court  House  at  the  call  of 
our  Mayor,  Mr.  W.  Z.  Mitchell.  While  not 
specifically  for  the  Red  Cross  the  work  of 
this  organization  was  explained  clearly 
and  concisely  by  Mr.  A.  H.  Powell.  Many 
members  were  enrolled  at  that  time. 

A  recruiting  station  was  opened  in  Mr. 
Powell's  office  and  about  300  members  en- 
rolled during  the  week  it  was  open. 

A  committee  consisting  of  Mrs.  Calvert, 
Mrs.  Delacroix,  Mrs.  Webb,  Mrs.  R.  G. 
Lassiter,  Mrs.  A.  H.  Powell,  Mrs.  H.  G. 
Cooper  and  Mrs.  Lewis  Thorpe  visited  the 
Raleigh,  N.  C,  Chapter  early  in  May  to 
learn  methods  of  work. 

On  May  14,  1917,  the  temporary  organi- 
zation was  perfected  and  a  committee  nam- 
ed to  ask  for  a  charter  authorizing  the  for- 
mation of  the  Granville  County  Chapter 
with  headquarters  at  Oxford,  the  county 
seat. 

This  application  was  sent  May  15,  1917, 
and  was  signed  by  the  following  represen- 
tative citizens : 

W.  Z.  Mitchell,  Mayor  and  Tobacconist; 
Gen.  B.  S.  Royster,  Adjutant  General  and 


Attorney;  W.  H.  Hunt,  President  First 
National  Bank;  W.  T.  Yancey,  Cashier  Na- 
tional Bank  of  Granville;  Benjamin  K. 
Hays,  M.  D.,  Secretary  Medical  Society  of 
North  Carolina  and  Granville  County 
Health  Officer;  A.  W.  Graham,  U.  S.  Cotton 
Futures  Attorney;  B.  K.  Lassiter,  Postmas- 
ter and  Lawyer;  S.  K.  Phillips,  Pastor  of 
Presbyterian  Church ;  B.  W.  Parham, 
President  Commercial  Club ;  A.  H.  Powell, 
President  Granville  Real  Estate  &  Trust 
Co.;  Mrs.  C.  G.  Elliott,  Leader  King's 
Daughters ;  Mrs.  John  Webb,  President 
Woman's  Club;  Mrs.  R.  C.  M.  Calvert, 
Daughter  of  Gen.  George  W.  Davis ;  Mrs. 
H.  G.  Cooper,  Wife  of  Vice-President  of 
National  Bank  of  Granville. 

During  the  latter  part  of  May  our  com- 
munity was  most  favored  by  having  in  its 
midst  Major  General  George  W.  Davis, 
for  eight  years  Chairman  Central  Commit- 
tee, A.  R.  C,  at  Washington,  D.  C.  At  the 
home  of  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Calvert,  tem- 
porary Chairman,  a  conference  was  held,  at 
which  time  General  Davis  gave  great  help 
and  inspiration  to  those  anxious  to  form  a 
local  chapter  of  the  A.  R.  C.  A  few  days 
later  General  Davis  consented  to  give  a 
public  talk  on  the  history,  aims  and  meth- 
ods of  Red  Cross  work,  which  was  a  reve- 
lation to  his  fortunate  hearers.  He  spoke 
with  vigor  and  enthusiasm,  outlining  past 
activities  and  forecasting  the  wonderful 
opportunities  for  service  opening  before 
the  A.  R.  C,  which  prophecy  we  have  seen 
more  than  fulfilled. 

A  letter  authorizing  the  committee  that 
sent  application  for  a  charter  to  proceed 
with  the  organization  was  received  from 
Dr.  Guy  F.  Snavely,  Director  Southern  Di- 
vision, on  June  11,  1917,  and  on  June  19, 
1917,  a  permanent  organization  was  per- 
fected in  a  mass  meeting  held  in  the  Court 
House  in  Oxford,  Rev.  S.  K.  Phillips  pre- 
siding. 

The  Nominating  Committee,  of  which 
Dr.  B.  K.  Hays  was  Chairman,  presented 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


167 


A.   H.   POWELL 
President  Granville   Real   Estate  &  Trust  Co. 

Oxford,  N.  C. 
Chairman  of  Granville  County  Chapter,  A.  R.  C. 


J.    P.    HARRIS 

Banker 
Oxford,   N.   C. 
Treasurer  of  Granville   County   Chapter, 
A.  R.  C. 


JOHN   R.  HALL 

Insurance  and  Real  Estate 

Oxford,   N.   C. 

Treasurer   of   Granville   County   Chapter, 

A.   R.    C,   and    Chairman    of    War    Savings 

Stamps   Campaign. 


168 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


the  following  names  of  officers  and  mem- 
bers of  the  Executive  Board  : 

A.  H.  Powell,  Chairman.  Mr.  Powell  is 
President  of  the  Granville  Real  Estate  & 
Trust  Company,  Director  of  the  First  Na- 
tional Bank  and  Director  of  Oxford  Water 
Company.  An  earnest,  thoughtful  man, 
whose  heart  is  in  every  endeavor  that  is 
for  the  public  good.  He  has  given  time, 
thought,  means  and  personal  sacrifice  to 
further  the  work  of  the  Chapter. 

Mrs.  R.  C.  M.  Calvert,  Vice-Chairman. 
Her  work  and  standing  has  been  mention- 
ed in  the  foregoing  sketch  of  formation  of 
chapter.  She  served  until  fall  of  1917, 
when  she  moved  from  Oxford.  She  was 
succeeded  by  Mrs.  L.  M.  Roberts,  who  has 
given  devoted  service. 

At  this  time  Miss  Esther  Mitchell  was 
chosen  2nd  Vice-Chairman.  From  Octo- 
ber, 1918,  to  February,  1919,  she  served  in 
Nurses  Training  Corps  at  Camp  Jackson, 
S.  C,  but  no  successor  was  appointed. 

A.  W.  Graham,  Jr.,  Secretary.  A  rising 
young  lawyer,  grandson  of  Governor  Gra- 
ham of  North  Carolina.  When  called  into 
the  service  of  his  country  he  was  succeed- 
ed May,  1918,  by  Mrs.  Mary  R.  Delacroix. 

Mrs.  N.  H.  Cannady,  Assistant  Secretary. 
Wife  of  a  prominent  manufacturer  and  ac- 
tive member  of  Woman's  Club,  being  Sec- 
retary of  that  organization. 

J.  P.  Harris,  Treasurer.  Cashier  of  the 
Union  Bank  and  Trust  Co.  He  served  un- 
til summer  of  1918,  when  Mr.  John  R. 
Hall,  President  and  owner  of  the  J.  R. 
Roller  Insurance  Co.,  and  Treasurer  of 
Granville  county  at  present  time,  was  cho- 
sen as  Treasurer  of  the  A.  R.  C,  Mr.  Har- 
ris continuing  as  Treasurer  of  the  War 
Fund. 

Mrs.  C.  R.  E.  Brown.  Prominent  in 
Health  Department  Woman's  Club,  has  ta- 
ken leadership  of  Woman's  Committee  in 
Third  and  Fourth  Liberty  Loan  campaigns. 

Mrs.  R.  L.  Brown,  wife  of  Superinten- 
dent Masonic  Orphanage  at  Oxford,  Chair- 
man Civic  Department  Woman's  Club. 

Mrs.  J.  C.  Robards,  wife  of  an  auditor  of 


Southern  Railway,  Treasurer  of  Woman's 
Club. 

Mr.  John  Webb,  buyer  British-American 
Tobacco  Company,  Chairman  School  Board. 

Mr.  Guy  B.  Phillips,  Superintendent  of 
Schools  of  Oxford. 

Mr.  B.  K.  Lassiter,  member  R.  G.  Las- 
siter  Construction  Co.,  Postmaster  and 
Lawyer. 

Rev.  G.  T.  Tunstall  was  added  to  Execu- 
tive Board  in  the  winter  of  1918,  pastor  of 
a  group  of  four  churches  in  the  county ;  he 
went  overseas  September,  1918,  as  Y.  M. 
C.  A.  worker.  Andrew  Jamieson,  President 
Tobacco  Board  of  Trade,  chosen  to  fill  that 
vacancy. 

These  officers  and  members  of  the  Exe- 
cutive Board  were  unanimously  elected. 

Committees 
Publicity  and  Information. — Rev.  S.  K. 
Phillips,  Chairman.  Mr.  Phillips  was  able 
to  serve  but  a  few  weeks  as  he  was  called 
to  Greenville,  N.  C,  in  the  fall  of  1917  and 
Miss  Bennette  H.  Gregory  was  elected 
Chairman  of  this  committee.  She  served 
until  appointed  Chairman  of  United  War 
Work  Fund  in  fall  of  1918.  Miss  Gregory 
was  succeeded  by  Miss  Martha  Parker 
Brinkley,  our  present  Publicity  Chairman. 

MEMBERSHIP 

Mrs.  C.  R.  E.  Brown,  Chairman.  Serv- 
ed from  time  of  organization.  Organized 
enrollment  bureau  and  was  untiring  in 
every  membership  campaign.  Member- 
ship reported  October,  1918,  2,228. 

The  Christmas  Roll  Call  for  1918  was 
most  successfully  carried  out  under  the  en- 
thusiastic leadership  of  Mr.  James  W.  Hor- 
ner, President  Union  Bank  &  Trust  Co., 
President  Anchor  Stores.  He  was  most 
ably  assisted  by  Miss  Hixie  White  who  was 
unsparing  in  her  efforts.  Number  of  mem- 
bers enrolled,  2,800. 

EXTENSION 

Mrs.  John  Webb.  Chairman.  A  leader 
of  all  activities  for  social  service  and  Pres- 
ident of  Woman's  Club.     Many  visitations 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


169 


DENNIS  G.  BRUMMITT 
Attorney    and    Counselor    at    Law 
Oxford,   N.    C. 
Chairman  of  first  Red   Cross   Campaign. 
Four-Minute    Speaker.      Member    of    Legal 
Advisory  Board.     Vice-Chairman    and    Di- 
rector of  Publicity  in  First,  Second,  Third 
and  Fourth  Liberty  Loan  Campaigns, 


W.  H.   HUNT 

Banker 
Oxford,   N.   C. 
Chairman    of    Second    Red      Cross     War 
Fund   Drive. 


JAMES   W.   HORNER 
Merchant 
Oxford,   N.   C. 
Chairman  of  Second  Christmas  Roll  Call 
Red  Cross  Drive. 


J.   ROBERT   WOOD 
Merchant 
Oxford,   N.   C. 
Chairman   of   Civilian    Relief   Committee, 
American    Red   Cross. 


170 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


were  made  by  this  committee  to  different 
communities.  Rev.  Mr.  Tunstall  rendered 
valuable  assistance  in  organizing  auxilia- 
ries throughout  the  county. 

Auxiliaries  were  organized  in  the  follow- 
ing order : 

Enon.  July,  1917— Mrs.  T.  G.  Currin, 
Chairman ;  Charles  Knott,  Treasurer. 

Creedmoor,  September,  1917 — Mrs.  C. 
W.  York,  Chairman ;  Mrs.  S.  H.  Rogers, 
Secretary ;  N.  J.  Boddie,  Treasurer. 

Colored  Auxiliary,  September,  1917 — 
William  Ridley,  Chairman ;  B.  R.  Smith, 
Secretary ;  G.  C.  Shaw,  Treasurer. 

Stovall,  November,  1917— W.  L.  Taylor, 
Chairman ;  F.  H.  Gregory,  Secretary- 
Treasurer. 

Providence,  February,  1918— Mrs.  W.  R. 
Kimball,  Chairman ;  Mrs.  W.  L.  Currin, 
Treasurer;  John  Terry,  Secretary. 

Oxford  College,  February,  1918 — Bessie 
Holding,  Chairman ;  Naomi  Davis,  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer. 

Stem,  March,  1918— Miss  Marie  Starke 
Chairman ;    Miss   Hallie   Jones,   Secretary- 
Treasurer. 

Hester  Church,  March,  1918 — Miss  Julia 
Currin,  Chairman ;  Miss  Tazzie  Dean. 
Treasurer;  E.  C.  Dean,  Secretary. 

Bullock,  April,  1918— Mrs.  J.  D.  Pittard, 
Chairman ;  Mrs.  Horace  Hicks,  Secretary- 
Treasurer. 

Wilton,  May,  1918— Mrs.  T.  C.  Rogers, 
Chairman ;  Miss  Elizabeth  Morris,  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer. 

Northside,  May,  1918 — Miss  Fannie  Roy- 
croft,  Chairman ;  Mrs.  W.  H.  Fleming,  Sec- 
retary-Treasurer. 

Grassy  Creek,  May,  1918— Mrs.  Sallie 
Pittard,  Chairman ;  Miss  Maude  Sizemore, 
Secretary-Treasurer. 

Knapp  of  Reeds,  May,  1918— Mrs.  J. 
Ralph  Weaver,  Chairman ;  J.  Ralph  Weav- 
er, Secretary-Treasurer.  Succeeded  Sep- 
tember, 1918,  by  Mrs.  E.  J.  Nance. 

West  Oxford,  May,  1918— D.  F.  Lanier, 
Chairman ;  A.  W.  Farris,  Secretary-Treas- 
urer. 


Williford  School,  May,  1918— Mrs.  A. 
Williford,  Chairman;  Miss  Ophelia  Willi- 
ford, Secretary. 

Knott's  Grove,  May,  1918— John  Knott, 
Chairman ;  Miss  Nannie  Knott,  Secretary. 

Corinth,  June,  1918— C.  R.  Gordon, 
Chairman ;  Mrs.  J.  W.  Brummitt,  Secre- 
tary. 

Mountain  Creek,  June,  1918 — Mrs.  L. 
T.  Elliott,  Chairman;  D.  0.  Parham,  Sec- 
retary. 

Amis  Chapel,  July,  1918— Mrs.  W.  L. 
Clark,  Chairman ;  Miss  Florence  Frazier, 
Secretary. 

Tabb's  Creek,  July,  1918— Mrs.  J.  L. 
Pittard,  Chairman. 

The  auxiliaries,  organized  early,  render- 
ed valuable  assistance  in  making  supplies 
for  the  work-room.  Some  were  organized 
so  late  in  1918  they  were  unable  to  do  much 
in  that  line,  but  everybody  in  the  county 
was  generous  in  gifts  of  money,  refugee 
garments  and  donations  of  tobacco. 

FINANCE 

W.  H.  Hunt,  Chairman.  President  of 
First  National  Bank.  Mr.  Hunt  has  held 
this  office  since  organization  of  chapter. 
Under  this  department  the  War  Fund 
drives  were  made. 

First  Fund. — D.  G.  Brummitt,  Chair- 
man. A  prominent  lawyer  and  speaker  of 
House  of  Representatives  of  North  Caro- 
lina. Campaign  was  opened  by  a  public 
gathering  at  which  A.  A.  Hicks,  Attorney 
of  the  Board  of  Commissioners,  presided. 
James  H.  Pou,  of  Raleigh,  was  the  speaker 
of  the  evening  and  made  a  stirring  appeal. 
Goodly  contributions  were  pledged  toward 
our  allotment  of  $10,000.  Faithful  work 
was  done  by  the  efficient  committees  under 
Mr.  Brummitt's  leadership,  but  the  people 
had  not  yet  awakened  to  the  fact  that  we 
were  in  the  war  and  must  give  without 
stint.  At  this  time  no  auxiliaries  in  the 
county  had  been  formed  and  few  realized 
there  was  such  an  organization  as  the  A. 
R.  C.    Amount  subscribed,  $3,359.72. 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


171 


Second  Fund. — W.  H.  Hunt,  Chairman. 
Miss  Bennette  H.  Gregory,  Secretary. 
Our  chapter  was  alloted  $3,000.00  for  this 
Campaign.  The  Executive  Board  felt  that 
in  view  of  the  work  done  in  the  past  six 
months  the  Southern  Division  had  hardly 
estimated  our  growing  interest  and  ability 
fairly  and  were  put  on  their  metal  to  do 
their  best.  Public  gatherings  were  held 
in  every  community  and  a  house-to-house 
canvass  made.  Our  county  boys  were,  some 
overseas,  some  in  camps,  and  our  people 
were  ready  and  generous  in  their  gifts,  so 
that  $14,629.35  was  pledged,  almost  five 
times  our  allotment,  and  all  but  a  trifle  was 
paid  in. 

TOBACCO   SALES 

In  the  fall  of  1917,  a  most  energetic  and 
enthusiastic  committee  under  the  leader- 
ship of  Mrs.  J.  C.  Robards,  assisted  by  the 
other  ladies,  were  present  at  all  tobacco 
sales  as  long  as  it  was  deemed  best  to  so- 
licit contributions.  The  response  was  gen- 
erous, tobacco  was  freely  given  and  with 
hearty  good-will.  This  netted  the  chapter 
$1,586.10. 

For  the  season  of  1918  our  plans  were 
made  with  the  assistance  of  the  Tobacco 
Board  of  Trade,  Andrew  Jamieson,  Presi- 
dent, and  Mrs.  S.  M.  Watkins,  wife  of  a 
prominent  tobacconist,  Chairman  of  the  A. 
R.  C.  Committee.  The  willingness  and  al- 
most eagerness  to  give  without  solicitation 
even  was  apparent.  We  wish  to  express 
our  heartfelt  thanks  to  all  the  farmers  for 
their  generous  co-operation.  The  amount 
raised  in  1918  was  $3,115.43. 

WAYS  AND  MEANS 
Mrs.  A.  H.  Powell,  Chairman ;  also 
County  Chairman  of  Woman's  Committee 
National  Council  of  Defense  and  founder 
and  first  President  of  the  Woman's  Club  of 
Oxford.  This  committee  organized  and 
devised  methods  of  raising  funds.  Under 
its  auspices  several  entertainments  were 
given,  notably  Cantata  of  Esther,  under 
leadership  of  Rev. .  S.  K.  Phillips.  The 
Witching  Hour,  rendered  in  most  artistic 


manner  by  Miss  Grace  Jean  Sails.  Some 
young  girls  gave  the  Winning  of  Princess 
Winsome,  entirely  arranged,  costumed  and 
given  by  girls  under  fourteen.  Suppers, 
plays,  church  entertainments  of  various 
kinds,  were  given  in  the  county,  which 
brought  in  goodly  sums  for  the  cause. 
A  rummage  sale  was  also  held  which 
brought  in  several  hundred  dollars. 

DIRECTORS  OF  WORK  AND  BUYING 

Mrs.  Mary  R.  Delacroix,  Chairman ;  Mrs. 
John  W.  Gooch,  Vice-Chairman.  This  com- 
mittee was  hampered  in  securing  quarters 
in  which  to  work  until  July,  1917  ,  our 
rent  was  given  us  for  three  months  by  the 
Oxford  Jewelry  Co.  in  a  large,  commodious 
corner  store.  We  opened  two  mornings  in 
every  week,  during  the  summer,  making 
cotton  bandages,  hospital  supplies  and  gar- 
ments. 

October,  1917,  we  were  obliged  to  move 
and  were  given  the  use  of  the  library  room 
by  the  Woman's  Club.  We  kept  this  open 
four  clays  every  week.  We  soon  outgrew 
this  room  and  were  able  to  secure,  Janu- 
ary, 1918,  another  large  corner  store  and 
for  several  months  kept  our  room  open  ev- 
ery day  except  Saturday  afternoon,  which 
shows  for  itself  there  was  no  lack  of  faith- 
ful workers.  This  room  was  also  given  us 
rent  free  by  the  National  Bank  of  Gran- 
ville. 

In  the  spring  of  1918  we  made  our  final 
move  to  another  vacant  store,  given  us  rent 
free  by  R.  C.  M.  Calvert,  later  a  captain  in 
the  Engineer  Corps  in  France.  During 
all  this  time  our  output  of  work  was  excel- 
lent and  interest  good. 

In  November,  1917,  Mrs.  Delacroix  as- 
suming other  duties,  Mrs.  John  Gooch  was 
made  Chairman  of  work  and  her  efforts 
were  unceasing  and  untiring.  The  success 
of  this  department  was  due  chiefly  to  her 
faithfulness.  In  November,  1918,  she  re- 
signed and  Mrs.  Roberts,  Vice-Chairman, 
has  acted  since  that  time. 

Report  of  output  of  garments  as  follows : 
1,304  hospital  garments. 


172 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


3,190  muslin  bandages. 
647  refugee  garments.    Already  shipped. 
300  refugee  garments.    Ready  to  ship. 

Under  work-room  activities,  until  reor- 
ganization plans  submitted  by  Atlanta,  a 
committee  for  knitted  articles  was  appoint- 
ed :  Mrs.  C.  G.  Elliott,  Chairman ;  Mrs.  A. 
A.  Chapman,  Vice-Chairman.  These  ladies 
have  served  from  the  beginning  of  this 
branch  of  work  and  the  output  has  been 
excellent.  In  January,  February,  March 
and  April  of  1918,  we  made  a  shipment 
nearly  every  week.  In  the  absence  of  Mrs. 
Elliott,  Mrs.  Chapman  raised  a  fund  of 
$544.12  for  purchase  of  wool.  She  was 
untiring  and  indefatigable  in  her  efforts  to 
arouse  interest. 

Output  knitted  articles  to  date  has  been : 
434  sweaters. 
181  mufflers. 
230  helmets. 

63  pair  wristlets. 
734  pair  socks. 

6  robes. 

50  pair  socks  were  sent  to  sufferers  in 
France  because  of  imperfections. 

GENERAL   SUPPLIES 

Mrs.  A.  A.  Chapman,  Chairman.  This 
department  was  organized  when  a  syste- 
matic plan  for  all  chapters  was  formed  in 
May,  1918.  Its  greatest  work  has  been 
the  making  of  comfort  kits.  When  the  lo- 
cal company  of  National  Guard,  the  Gran- 
ville Grays,  left  for  camp  August  30, 
1917,  about  50  men,  they  were  each  fur- 
nished a  kit,  which  was  donated  by  indi- 
vidual members  of  the  local  Red  Cross, 
also  lunches  sufficient  for  three  meals. 
Eight  comfort  kits  were  sent  to  Atlanta 
February  2,  1918,  at  a  cost  of  $17.00.  Since 
then  we  have  sent : 

6  layettes. 

6  comfort  pillows. 
156  property  bags. 

One  large  box  pieces  old  linen  for  hos 
pitals.    During  1918  we  have  furnished  199 
comfort  kits  to  white  soldiers ;  155  to  col- 


ored soldiers :  355  in  all  at  a  cost  of  $503.- 
03.    An  average  of  $1.43  per  kit. 

The  155  for  colored  soldiers  were  made 
and  furnished  and  paid  for  by  members 
of  the  colored  auxiliary,  the  materials  be- 
ing purchased  through  the  committee  of 
the  local  chapter. 

We  have  filled  two  allotments  for  foreign 
relief  garments,  aggregating  647  garments, 
as  reported  under  work-room  activities. 

Several  quilts  made  of  pieces  have  also 
been  forwarded.  The  work  of  this  depart- 
ment has  been  prodigious.  Mrs.  Chapman, 
as  Chairman,  inspired  every  one  with  the 
spirit  of  service. 

SPECIAL   COMMITTEE   FOR     LINEN     FOR     HOS- 
PITALS 

Mrs.  T.     G.     Currin,     Chairman.     The 
county  was  canvassed,  every  auxiliary  re- 
sponding liberally  and  we  more  than  filled 
our  allotment ;  shipping 
177  sheets. 
682  handkerchiefs. 
665  face  towels. 
495  bath  towels. 
84  napkins. 

One  hundred  and  fifty-three  Christmas 
packages  were  sent  in  1917,  to  be  forward- 
ed to  the  camps  at  home  and  overseas.  This 
work  was  under  the  supervision  of  Miss 
Fannie  Robertson,  teacher  in  High  School, 
with  assistance  of  other  teachers  and  pu- 
pils. 

The  oversight  of  the  Christmas  packages 
for  1918  was  efficiently  directed  by  Miss 
Isabelle  Parham. 

PACKING   COMMITTEE 

Mrs.  R.  L.  Brown  was  chosen  to  direct 
the  packing,  and  with  the  faithful  assis- 
tance of  Mrs.  Graham  Hunt,  Miss  Lelia 
Routon,  Mrs.  Blalock  and  Mrs.  W.  J.  Long, 
has  packed  all  shipments  of  garments,  knit- 
ted articles''  and  refugee  garments  made 
under  work-room  direction. 

CONSERVATION  COMMITTEE 
Mrs.  A.  L.  Glasgow,  Chairman;  Mrs.  W. 
D.  Bryan,     Vice-Chairman.     One     of     the 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


173 


hardest  undertakings  of  this  committee 
was  the  mending  of  500  pairs  of  gloves. 
Nut-shells  and  pits  were  collected  and 
many  pounds  shipped;  tin-foil  also  collected, 
some  80  pounds  sold. 

Mrs.  E.  T.  White,  Mrs.  C.  R.  E.  Brown 
and  Miss  Esther  Mitchell  were  the  first 
committee  for  collection  of  clothing  to  ship 
overseas,  which  amounted  to  nearly  600 
pounds. 

The  second  and  third  collection  of  cloth- 
ing for  war  sufferers  was  under  the  charge 
of  Mrs.  Glasgow  and  Mrs.  Bryan  with  the 
assistance  of  Mrs.  Easton.  For  the  sec- 
ond we  were  alloted  4,000  pounds  for  the 
chapter,  about  5,000  were  shipped.  Much 
new  material,  many  fine  suits,  both  ladies' 
and  gentlemen's  were  sent.  The  third  col- 
lection amounted  to  500  pounds. 

SURGICAL    DRESSINGS 

Mrs.  J.  C.  Robards,  Chairman.  A  most 
earnest  leader.  During  part  of  1918  Miss 
Mary  Webb  was  leader  of  this  committee, 
and  rendered  faithful  service. 

There  were  18  members  in  the  class 
which  took  the  surgical  dressings  course, 
given  by  Mrs.  J.  K.  Harris,  of  Durham,  N. 
C,  and  who  received  the  red  cross  to  wear 
on  their  blue  caps  after  completing  15 
hours'  work.  During  seven  months'  work 
about  7,000  dressings  were  made ;  average 
number  of  workers  at  meetings,  18 ;  enroll- 


ment was  36.  Many  helped  at  various 
times  who  were  not  regularly  enrolled. 
The  work  was  interrupted  by  the  influenza 
epidemic,  during  which  many  masks  were 
made.  The  signing  of  the  armistice  ended 
the  necessity  for  this  service. 

FIRST   AID 

Dr.  Benjamin  K.  Hays,  Chairman ;  also 
a  member  of  the  Exemption  Board  and  la- 
ter in  the  service  at  Oteen,  N.  C.  Dr.  Dan- 
iel appointed  in  his  place.  Later  under  the 
leadership  of  Mrs.  Pritchard,  Chairman  oi 
the  Educational  Committee,  there  were 
three  classes  held  in  March,  1918,  instruct- 
ed by  Mrs.  Gordon  Wheeler,  of  Atlanta,  Ga. 
About  30  members  attended  and  much  in- 
terest was  shown.  Mrs.  C.  R.  E.  Brown  of 
the  Nursing  Committee  assisted  in  orga- 
nizing these  classes,  and  during  the  influ- 
enza secured  many  volunteers  to  assist  in 
nursing  sick  children  at  the  Masonic  Or- 
phanage. These  ladies  and  gentlemen  gave 
valiant  service  for  many  weeks. 

HOME  SERVICE 
J.  Robert  Wood,  Chairman ;  Miss  Belle 
Cooper,  Secretary;  Miss  Edna  White, Treas- 
urer. The  Home  Service  Department  had 
absolutely  no  work  to  do  until  April,  1918. 
At  that  time  we  made  an  effort  to  And  if 
any  of  the  soldiers'  families  were  in  need. 
When  once  they  understood  the  American 
Red  Cross  was  looking  out  for  them,  the 


SURGICAL  DRESSIN'G  CLASS 


174 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


number  increased  rapidly  from  three  in 
April,  1918,  to  more  than  200  in  September, 
1918.  The  total  number  dealt  with  to  No- 
vember 1,  1918,  about  500,  most  of  them 
seeking  information  and  sympathy.  We 
have  financially  aided  ten  families  to  the 
amount  of  $90.00.  Immediately  after  the 
signing  of  the  armistice  demands  on  the 
Home  Service  Department  decreased  per- 
ceptibly, but  by  midwinter  many  unexpect- 
ed and  intricate  cases  developed,  caused  by 
the  returning  and  discharged  soldiers.  Un- 
til then  this  work  had  been  done  by  patri- 
otic men  and  women  for  the  love  of  our 
country  and  our  boys.  Then  the  Home 
Service  Department  found  it  necessary  to 
have  a  trained  worker.  Atlanta  kindly  let 
us  have  Mrs.  Ben.  W.  Van  Riper  for  six 
weeks  who  did  thorough  work  here.  Since 
her  departure  Miss  Edna  White,  Treasurer, 
and  Miss  Belle  Cooper,  Secretary,  have  suc- 
ceeded her  and  are  continuing  the  work  in 
an  efficient  way. 

From  November  1,  1918,  to  May  1,  1919, 
there  have  been  about  800  cases  of  every 
description  scattered  even  to  remote  sec- 
tions of  the  county.  The  negroes  far  ex- 
ceed the  white  people  in  needing  informa- 
tion and  help. 

CANTEEN  AND  CAMP  ACTIVITIES 

Mrs.  A.  H.  Powell,  Commandant;  Mrs. 
S  H.  Cannady,  Vice-Commandant;  Miss 
Mary  Webb,  Intelligence  Officer ;  Mrs.  J.  C. 
Howard,  Captain  Team  1 ;  Mrs.  T.  L.  Booth, 
Captain  Team  2;  Mrs.  W.  B.  Ballou,  Cap- 
tain Team  3;  Mrs.  H.  G.  Cooper,  Captain 
Team  4.  The  Canteen  Committee  of  the 
Granville  County  Chapter  was  appointed 
the  second  season  of  the  chapter's  activi- 
ties, for  until  then  there  was  no  opportu- 
nity for  service ;  owing  to  the  fact  that  Ox- 
ford is  not  on  any  main  trunk  line  the  com- 
mittee's opportunity  for  service  was  limit- 
ed to  soldiers  who  were  visiting  our  town 
or  were  passing  through  in  small  squads  by 
way  of  automobiles  and  army  trucks.  In 
these  cases  frequently  we  have  had  invi- 
tations extended  to  them  to  dine  or  break- 
fast, in  some  cases  to  spend  the  night  in 


private  homes,  a  courtesy  greatly  appreci- 
ated by  the  soldiers.  As  no  definite  infor- 
mation was  ever  furnished  us  that  troops 
would  pass  through  we  were  unable  at  all 
times  to  take  them  into  our  homes,  but  no 
soldiers  ever  passed  through  that  the  Can- 
teen Committee  did  not  stop  them  and  of- 
fer entertainment  and  refreshments. 

Sometimes  it  was  sandwiches  and  lem- 
onade, sometimes  cigars,  cigarettes  and 
fruit.  At  other  times  lodging  and  meals 
were  arranged  for  them  at  the  hotel,  and 
whenever  they  remained  for  the  evening 
tickets  to  the  motion  picture  show,  a  dance 
or  an  automobile  ride  was  given  them. 
Stamped  post-cards  were  often  given  them 
and  the  intelligence  officer  offered  to  see 
that  the  messages  written  to  family  or 
friends  were  promptly  posted. 

During  the  influenza  epidemic  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Canteen  Committee  did  not 
spare  themselves  any  service,  but  gave  of 
their  time  and  strength,  nursing  the  sick, 
serving  in  soup  kitchens,  driving  motor 
cars  and  distributing  flowers  and  food.  For 
three  weeks  this  committee,  and  many  oth- 
ers, members  of  the  A.  R.  C,  did  all  the 
work  of  the  diet  kitchen  at  the  Masonic  Or- 
phanage where  there  were,  at  times,  300 
sick  ones  to  be  supplied  with  meals.  This 
work  was  under  the  direction  of  Mrs.  A. 
L.  Capehart,  County  Demonstrator  Home 
Economics.  The  boys  of  the  Junior  Aux- 
iliary gave  valiant  service  in  carrying  the 
food  to  the  nine  cottages  where  sick  ones 
were  located. 

This  committee  served  the  luncheons  to 
the  men  and  women  who  worked  in  the 
Liberty  Loan  Drive  and  for  the  Red  Cross 
Christmas  Roll  Call  Drive.  The  chapter 
contributed  $100.00  to  the  Raleigh  Can- 
teen. At  the  opening  meeting  of  the  Red 
Cross  Conference  in  the  fall  of  1918  the 
Canteen  Committee  presented  a  beautiful 
tableau,  representing  every  activity  of  the 
local  chapter. 

Two  large  shipments  of  books  were  sent 
to  the  soldiers  in  camps.  The  scope  of  the 
service  rendered  by  the  Canteen  and  Camp 
Activities   Committees   was   unlimited   and 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


175 


no  opportunity  was  lost  to  cheer  and  com- 
fort the  men  in  khaki. 

THE   JUNIOR  RED   CROSS 

Guy  B.  Phillips,  Chairman.  When  the 
call  for  an  organization  on  the  part  of  the 
school  children  of  America  to  assist  in 
winning  the  war  came,  enthusiasm  for 
such  work  was  high.  In  response  to  this 
call  Oxford  was  the  first  school  of  the 
county  to  organize  a  Junior  Red  Cross. 
When  the  report  of  this  step  was  made  to 
Atlanta  Headquarters,  it  was  found  to  be 
the  second  organization  in  the  State  of 
North  Carolina  and  the  third  in  the  entire 
Southern  Division  of  five  states.  With  such 
a  beginning  the  pupils  assumed  an  allot- 
ment of  refugee  garments  that  was  met. 
At  other  times  they  were  called  upon  to 
render  service  in  local  matters,  collecting 
nuts,  tinfoil,  etc.  One  valuable  service  they 
rendered  was  assisting  in  delivering  meals 
to  the  sick  during  the  influenza  epidemic. 

The  Culbreth  school  was  the  next  county 
organization  to  be  reported.  The  pupils 
of  this  school  were  at  all  times  in  line  for 
service  of  whatever  nature  demanded. 
During  the  fall  of  1918  plans  were  made 
for  a  determined  drive  for  an  organization 
in  every  county  school.  Just  as  this  was 
inaugurated  the  influenza  epidemic  devel- 
oped and  as  a  result  all  such  work  was 
stopped.  After  this  great  calamity  had 
passed  there  was  no  hope  of  doing  anything 
of  this  nature.  At  that  time  all  schools 
were  making  supreme  efforts  to  gain  lost 
time  and  were  loath  to  take  on  extra  acti- 
vities. In  spite  of  all  this  difficulty  the 
schools  at  Providence,  Enon.  Crews,  Grove 
Hill  and  Hester  did  organize.  These  made 
a  total  of  seven  organizations  with  a  mem- 
bership of  895.  The  total  funds  on  hand 
at  present  amount  to  $133.31.  The  Junior 
Red  Cross  contributed  to  the  War  Fund 
Drive  $180.87. 

The  Juniors  of  the  Graded  School,  under 
the  leadership  of  Miss  May  White  and  Miss 
Lillian   Minor,  staged  a     patriotic     enter- 


tainment in  the  form  of  a  pageant  which 
netted  $50.00  for  the  cause. 

The  work  of  the  Junior  Red  Cross  has 
been  successful.  Eight  war  orphans  were 
cared  for  by  eight  grades  for  one  year. 

SUMMARY   OF  OUTPUT 
Gcuments,    Comforts,  Kits,    Knitted    Arti- 
cles, etc. 
1.314  hospital  garments. 
647  refugee  garments. 
434  sweaters. 
181  mufflers. 
230  helmets. 

63  pair  wristlets. 
821  socks. 
6  robes. 
3,190  muslin  bandages. 
7,123  pads,  various  kinds. 
2,275  wipes. 
600  compresses. 
467  comfort  kits. 
152  Christmas  packages. 

6  layettes. 
797  refugee  garments. 
177  sheets. 
682  handkerchiefs. 
665  face  towels. 
495  bath  towels. 
84  napkins. 
80  pounds  tinfoil. 
500  pair  gloves  mended. 
Large  box  old  linen. 
6,100  pounds  second-hand  clothing  in  three 
shipments. 

RECEIPTS 

Annual    memberships,    including    auxil- 
iaries     $  5,051  00 

Two    life    members    50  00 

Magazine    members    120  00 

Miscellaneous  income 1,206  54 

Wool  fund 545  12 

Tobacco    fund    4,701  53 

Donations    2,125  35 

Twenty-five   per   cent,   first   and   second 

Red    Cross    war    funds    3,218  41 

Home   relief 

Public    Health    Department    97  25 

Home  Service  Repayments 70  00 

Total    $17,185  20 


176 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


DISBURSEMENTS 

Fifty  per  cent,  of  membership  paid  to 

Division    Headquarters    $    2,609  75 

Rent,   light,  heat,  etc.   417  29 

Military   relief   for   supplies    5,154  23 

Public    Health    Department    1,858  52 

Home  Service  Department 624  26 

Canteen  service 182  29 

Transportation   of   supplies   70  97 

Miscellaneous   expenses   154  98 

Home  relief  funds   $    1,556  77 

Chapter  general  and  military 

relief  funds 4,556  14 

Balance  on  hand  and  in  bank  

May   31,    1919    6,112  91 

Total    $17,185  20 

LECTURES 

Our  chapter  has  been  fortunate  in  its 
public  gatherings  in  having  large  atten- 
dance manifesting  much  enthusiasm. 

We  have  had  with  us  William  A.  Ellis  of 
the  Southern  Division,  an  enthusiast  in  the 
work.  He  was  of  material  help  to  us  in  our 
early  days  of  organization. 

James  H.  Pou  came  in  the  interest  of  the 
First  War  Fund  Drive.  Rev.  Isaac  Hughes, 
Rev.  F.  H.  T.  Horsfield,  and  Mrs.  Fuller, 
from  Southern  Headquarters,  have  also 
made  interesting  talks.  Captain  Hutchin- 
son, of  England,  came  in  the  interest  of  the 
Second  War  Fund  Drive  and  presented  the 
sufferings  of  the  nations  at  war  in  a  most 
graphic  manner,  which  brought  a  hearty 
response  and  generous  offerings  to  the 
cause. 

On  September  26  and  27,  1918,  we  held 
a  county  conference  at  which  nearly  all  our 
auxiliaries  were  represented  and  reports 
given  by  them  evidencing  interest  and  loy- 
alty. We  were  most  fortunate  in  having 
Willis  J.  Millner,  Jr.,  with  us  for  this  con- 
ference. He  said  it  was  unique  in  that  it 
was  the  first  county  chapter  conference  in 
the  Southern  Division.  Miss  Thompson,  al- 
so sent  by  Southern  Headquarters,  gave  a 
most  inspiring  talk  on  Home  Service,  re- 
lating many  pathetic  and  some  amusing 
features  of  the  work.  F.  M.  Darnell,  also 
of  Atlanta,  Director  of  Junior  Work,  made 
an  interesting  talk  on  that  department.     A 


pageant  representing  the  different  activi- 
ties of  the  American  Red  Cross  was  staged, 
during  which  Mrs.  John  B.  Booth's  music 
class  of  the  Graded  School  sang  patriotic 
songs. 

From  this  incomplete  report  it  will  be 
readily  seen  that  it  was  impossible  to  give 
the  names  of  all  who  worked  faithfully 
and  untiringly ;  therefore,  only  the  officers 
and  chairmen  of  committees  are  mention- 
ed by  name.  The  officers  of  Granville 
County  Chapter  wish  to  here  express  their 
appreciation  of  the  loyal  support  given  un- 
der all  circumstances  and  the  generous  re- 
sponse in  gifts  of  time,  labor  and  money  to 
all  calls. 

We  wish  to  thank  especially  the  Oxford 
Jewelry  Co.,  The  Woman's  Club,  the  Na- 
tional Bank  of  Granville,  J.  G.  Hall  Co., 
Mrs.  R.  C.  M.  Calvert,  Mrs.  Ella  R.  Allen 
and  Mrs.  C.  R.  E.  Brown  for  rooms  fur- 
nished us  free  of  charge,  and  the  Public 
Ledger  for  generous  use  of  space. 

We  also  wish  to  thank  J.  Robert  Wood 
and  Mrs.  Brown  for  furniture  and  rugs 
loaned  us,  Messrs.  Upchurch  &  Currin  and 
the  Acme  Hardware  Co.  for  stoves,  the 
agents  of  the  Singer  and  White  Sewing 
Machine  Companies  for  machines  loaned  us 
free  of  charge,  J.  Robert  Wood  for  hauling 
all  shipments  of  freight,  etc.,  without 
charge.  Our  only  outlay  for  office  equip- 
ment until  March  1,  1919;  was  for  one  filing 
cabinet,  stationery  and  letter  files.  We  feel 
our  record  in  this  matter  of  expenditure  is 
exceptional. 

The  success  of  the  Granville  County 
Chapter  was  due  to  the  never  failing  and 
ever  generous  citizenship  of  Granville 
County,  which  supported  joyously  every 
need  or  call  of  the  Red  Cross.  No  better 
people  can  be  found  in  the  world  and  the 
women  and  men  who  have  served  in  official 
capacities  of  the  chapter  accept  this  oppor- 
tunity to  incorporate  in  this  short  history 
their  grateful  appreciation  to  each  man, 
woman  or  child  who  co-operated  with  the 
Red  Cross. 

April,  1919. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR  177 


READY   FOR  DUTY 

Mrs.  J.  C.  Robards    Mrs.  S.  H.  Pritchard    Mrs.  Graham  Roberts     Miss  Mary  Webb 
Mrs.  A.  A.  Chapman      Miss  Esther  Mitchell 


178  GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


179 


HARRIET  LELIA  ARRIXGTON 
Providence,  X.  C. 
Harriet  Lelia  Arrington  was  born  March  28, 
1888,  in  Granville  County.  On  January  10,  1910, 
she  went  in  training  at  St.  Vincent's  Hospital, 
Norfolk,  Va.,  from  which  institution  she  graduat- 
ed on  March  21,  1913.  After  a  few  months  of 
private  nursing,  she  accepted  a  position  as  Super- 
intendent of  Nurses  at  the  Sarah  Elizabeth  Hos- 
pital, Henderson,  N.  C.  After  serving  one  year  at 
this  hospital,  she  resigned  to  accept  a  position 
as  Superintendent  of  the  operating  room  at  the 
Mercy  Hospital,  Durham,  N.  C.  She  later  re- 
signed and  did  private  nursing  in  Durham.  On 
March  15,  1918,  she  went  in  training  at  Camp  Mc- 
Clellan,  Anniston,  Ala.  On  July  7,  1918,  she 
sailed  for  France.  She  was  overseas  seven 
months  and  returned  to  this  country  March  25, 
1919. 


ALICE  BERTHA  CASEY 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Alice  Bertha  Casey  was  born  at  Stonewall,  N. 
C,  March  2,  1897.  She  entered  the  Oxford  Or- 
phanage in  1909  and  on  March  1,  1915,  went  to 
Rex  hospital,  Raleigh,  N.  C,  from  which  insti- 
tution she  graduated  as  a  nurse  on  April  8,  1918. 
Upon  graduation  she  joined  the  American  Red 
Cross  Nurses  Association,  and  after  one  month  of 
private  nursing  in  Raleigh,  N.  C,  joined  the  65th 
North  Carolina  unit,  headed  by  Dr.  Long,  of 
Greensboro,  N.  C.  As  a  member  of  this  unit,  she 
went  in  training  at  Fort  McPherson,  Ga.,  on  July 
5,  1918.  On  August  4,  1918,  she  sailed  for  France. 
On  March  26th,  while  nursing  at  Kerhnan, 
France,  she  was  attacked  by  influenza,  followed 
by  pneumonia,  and  returned  to  the  U.  S.  May 
24,  1919. 


180 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


FRANCES  D.  HAYS 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Frances  D.  Hays  was  born  at  Oxford,  N.  C, 
June  5,  1892.  On  June  16,  1913,  she  entered  Hy- 
geia  Hospital,  Richmond,  Va.,  from  which  insti- 
tution she  graduated  as  a  nurse  three  years  later, 
June  16,  1916.  After  graduation  she  did  private 
nursing  in  Richmond  and  on  March  17,  1918,  she 
went  into  training  at  Camp  Hancock,  Ga.,  prepa- 
ratory to  sailing  for  overseas  duty.  On  August 
23,  1918,  she  sailed;  on  September  9,  arriving  in 
Toul,  France.  At  first  she  was  attached  to  Base 
Hospital  No.  45,  but  was  transferred  to  a  Gas 
Evacuation  Hospital.  This  hospital  consisted  of 
four  large  stone  buildings  originally  used  by  the 
French  as  military  academy  barracks.  When  the 
armistice  was  signed  this  hospital  was  taken  over 
by  Base  Hospital  No.  87;  later  it  was  turned  into 
a  Respiratory  Hospital.  Base  Hospital  45,  to 
which  Miss  Hays  was  originally  attached,  was 
decorated  by  the  French  for  being  the  best  equip- 
ped unit  "over  there."  On  April  23,  1919,  Miss 
Hays  returned  with  the  unit  to  America. 


ESTHER  MITCHELL 
Oxford,  N.  C. 
Born  February  7,  1896.  Entered  ser- 
vice October  14,  1918,  at  Camp  Jackson, 
Columbia,  S.  C.  Assigned  to  Base  Hos- 
pital as  student  nurse.  Honorably  dis- 
charged   February   14,   1919. 


BLANDENO  BIGGERS,  R.  N. 
Winston-Salem,  N.  C. 
Born  at  Charlotte,  N.  C,  April  16,  1895. 
Entered  Oxford  Orphanage  October  20, 
1904.  Received  training  at  Highsmith 
Hospital,  Fayetteville,  N.  C.  Entered  hos- 
pital April  17,  1913.  Graduated  April  22, 
1916.  Entered  service  March  6,  1918,  at 
Camp   Pike,   Little   Rock,   Ark. 


3  "-*° ''^H^.  cN^L_0 


Q^ggHC      ¥m 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR  181 

A  Sketch  of  Woman's  Work  of  the  Granville  County 
Division  Council  of  National  Defense 

1917-1918 


"The  work  which  has  been  undertaken  by  the  Woman's  Committee 
of  the  Council  of  National  Defense  has  my  warm  approval  and  support. 

"Already  what  the  committee  has  been  able  to  accomplish  has  been 
most  encouraging  and  has  exceeded  the  first  expectations  of  those  who 
were  instrumental  in  constituting  it. 

"Many  barriers  have  been  broken  down  and  many  new  ties  of  sym- 
pathy and  cooperation  established  and  a  new  spirit  of  cooperation  and  de- 
votion to  a  common  cause  aroused — circumstances  which  are  not  only 
the  greatest  immediate  service  to  the  Nation,  but  which  promise  many 
fine  things  for  the  future. 

"Woodrow  Wilson" 


Woman's  Committee  Woman's  Committee 

t            of  the  of  the 

Council  of  National  Defense  State  Council  of  National  Defense 

Dr.  Anna  Howard  Shaw,  Chairman  North  Carolina  Division 

First  meeting  held  in  Mrs.  Laura  Holmes  Reilly,  Chairman 

Washington,  D.  C  First  meeting  held  in 

May,  1917  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

June,  1917 


Woman's  Committee 

of  the 

State  Council  of  National  Defense 

Granville  County  Division 

Mrs.  A.  Hamilton  Powell,  Chairman 

First  meeting  organized  and  held  in 

Oxford,  N.  C. 

July,  1917 


Note:  This  sketch  of  woman's  work  is  not  complete.  Owing  to  the  death  of 
two  valued  members  of  the  organization,  both  of  whom  were  secretaries  of  depart- 
ments of  the  Woman's  Committee  of  the  Council  of  National  Defense,  a  part  of  the 
manuscript  has  been  lost. 


182 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


OFFICERS   OF  GRANVILLE   COUNTY   DIVISION 

Mrs.    A.    H.    Powell    Chairman 

Mrs.    T.    G.    Currin    V ice-Chairman 

Mrs.    H.    M.    Shaw    Vice-Chairman 

Mrs.  E.  T.   White Treasurer 

*Mrs.    W.   T.   Yancey   Secretary 

Mrs.  H.   O.   Furman   Historian 

DEPARTMENTS  ADOPTED  BY  GRANVILLE  COUN- 
TY DIVISION  WITH  CHAIRMAN  OF  DRIVE 

Registration    Miss   Lela   Ronton 

Food    Production    Mrs.    J.    A.    Morris 

Food   Conservation   Mrs.  A.   L.  Capehart 

Liberty    Loan    Mrs.    S.    H.    Brown 

War   Savings   Mrs.   A.    L.   Capehart 

Education    Miss    Helen    Sails 

Health    Mrs.   E.   B.   Meadows 

Social    Service    Mrs.    C.    G.    Elliott 

Red  Cross    (auxiliary)    Mrs.  John   Webb 

Child  Welfare   Mrs.  R.   L.   Brown 

Y.  W.  C.  A. *Miss   Nette  Gregory 

Safeguarding   of     Moral     and      Spiritual 

Forces    Mrs.    C.    A.    Upchurch 

Patriotic  Community  Music Mrs.  A.  A.  Hicks 

In  response  to  a  call  from  the  Woman's 
Committee  of  the  State  Council  of  Na- 
tional Defense  a  large  and  representative 
body  of  women  of  Oxford  and  of  Granville 
County  assembled  at  the  Baptist  Church 
in  Oxford,  N.  C,  July,  1917,  at  which  time 
a  permanent  organization  was  effected, 
known  as  The  Women's  Committee  of  the 
Granville  County  Division  of  the  Council 
of  National  Defense. 

Mrs.  A.  H.  Powell,  of  Oxford,  had  been 
elected  temporary  Chairman  of  Granville 
County  at  the  meeting  of  the  State  Divi- 
sion held  in  the  Senate  Chamber  in  Raleigh 
in  June,  1917. 

Upon  organization  Mrs.  Powell's  elec- 
tion was  made  unanimous  by  the  County 
Division,  and  the  following  staff  of  officers 
was  elected  to  serve  with  her : 


*Two  efficient  and  faithful  officers  of  the  Gran- 
ville County  Division  of  the  Council  of  National 
Defense  passed  from  earth  to  Heaven  in  the 
winter  of  1918,  during  the  epidemic  of  influenza 
that  swept  the  country.  Miss  Bennette  Gregory, 
Chairman  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  died  December  6th.  Mrs. 
W.  T.  Yancey,  Secretary,  died  December  15th. 


Mrs.   T.  G.   Currin 1st  Vice-Chairman 

Mrs.   H.  M.   Shaw 2nd  Vice-Chairman 

Mrs.  E.  T.  White Treasurer 

Mrs.   W.   T.   Yancey   Secretary 

It  was  the  request  of  the  Woman's  Com- 
mittee of  the  State  Council  that  the  chair- 
men of  all  the  respective  county  divisions 
carry  out  the  plan  of  work  in  its  various 
departments  as  nearly  as  possible  as  that 
outlined  by  the  State  Division;  the  object 
being  to  co-ordinate  women's  existing  or- 
ganizations and  their  working  forces,  in 
order  to  enlist  at  once  the  greatest  possible 
number  in  the  service  which  the  national 
crisis  demanded. 

Practically  all  of  the  departments  were 
adopted  at  the  first  meeting  for  organi- 
zation. As  the  work  progressed  several 
new  ones  were  added  as  expediency  de- 
manded. Chairmen  for  all  of  these  de- 
partments were  elected  as  soon  as  practi- 
cable. Each  chairman,  with  the  realiza- 
tion of  the  importance  of  the  work  before 
her,  set  forth  to  perform  her  duty  to  the 
best  of  her  knowledge  and  ability. 

For  the  women  of  the  younger  genera- 
tion it  was  all  pioneer  work — this  prepara- 
tion for  war — just  as  it  had  been  new  and 
strange  for  the  men,  in  whose  interests 
the  women  were  so  deeply  concerned. 

Every  man  who  had  gone  out  from  Gran- 
ville County  left  behind  him  some  woman 
whose  heart  was  saddened  by  his  going, 
and  this  bond  of  sympathy  not  only  bound 
women's  hearts  together  in  a  closer  union 
but  the  great  wave  of  anguish  and  heart- 
ache that  was  sweeping  the  country  united 
them  indissolubly  in  a  common  desire  and 
determination  to  spend  their  energy  in  ev- 
ery way  open  to  them,  toward  making  the 
world  safe  for  democracy. 

Gradually  and  slowly  the  knowledge 
that  "in  union  there  is  strength"  spread 
over  the  town  and  county,  until — by  the  con- 
tinuous and  untiring  efforts  of  the  County 
Chairman  and'  her  assistants — there  had 
been  eighteen  units,  or  complete  organiza- 
tions for  carrying  on  the  work  established 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


183 


in  that  many  communities — most  of  which 
undertook  at  least  five  departments. 

Those  who  took  active  part  with  Mrs. 
Powell  in  visiting  the  community  centers 
to  assist  in  organizing  units,  were  Mrs. 
John  Webb,  Mrs.  A.  L.  Capehart,  Mrs.  R. 
L.  Brown,  Mrs.  S.  H.  Brown,  Mrs.  Graham 
Roberts,  and  Miss  Esther  Mitchell. 

The  communities  that  formed  working 
units  with  the  names  of  their  respective 
chairmen  are  as  follows : 

GRANVILLE    COUNTY   UNITS   OF    WOMAN'S 
COMMITTEE    NATIONAL    DEFENSE 

OXFORD    UNIT 

Organized  July  17,  1917 
Officers 

Mrs.  H.  G.  Cooper Chairman 

Mrs.  John   Floyd   Vice -Chairman 

Miss  lone  Yancey Treasurer 

Miss   Annie   Crews   Secretary 

Chairmen   of  Departments 
Food  Production — Mrs.  H.  M.   Shaw. 
Food  Conservation — Mrs.  J.  D.  Brooks. 
Red  Cross — Mrs.  Mary  Delacroix. 
Child   Welfare— Miss    Edna    White. 
Liberty  Loan — Mrs.  Jonas  Veasey. 
War  Savings — Mrs.  T.  L.  Booth. 
Safeguarding   Moral   and    Spiritual     Forces — Mrs. 

R.  L.  Brown. 
Registration — Mrs.  R.   G.   Lassiter. 
Patriotic    Community    Music — Mrs.    John    Booth. 
ENON    UNIT 
Organized  April  1,  1918 
Officers 

Mrs.    Otho    Daniel    Chairman 

Mrs.  Elam  Currin   Vice-Chairman 

Chairmen   of  Departments 
Liberty  Loan  and  War  Savings — Mrs.  D.  C.  Fra- 

zier;   Mrs.  Lem  Knott,   V ice-Chairman. 
Red  Cross — Mrs.  Titus  Currin. 
Food  Conservation — Mrs.  Fred  Currin. 
Food   Production — Miss   Eugenia   Cannady. 

HESTER    UNIT 

Organized  April  19,  1918 
Officers 

Miss   Mamie   Bullock    Chairman 

Miss   Camilla    Pittard    Vice-Chairman 

Mrs.  Edgar  Crews Secretary-Treasurer 

Chairmen    of    Departments 
Liberty   Loan — Miss  Annie   Fleming. 
War  Savings — Miss  Annie  Fleming;   Miss  Fannie 

Fleming,   V ice-Chairman. 
Red  Cross — Mrs.  Sam  Parrott;   Miss  Rena  Crews, 

Vice-Chairman. 
Food    Conservation     and     Food     Production — Mrs. 
Ernest  Crews. 


STOVALL    UNIT 

Officers 

Mrs.  J.  J.  Davis Chairman 

Mrs.   William    Taylor   V ice-Chairman 

Miss   Lillie   Wilkerson Secretary-Treasurer 

Chairmen  of  Departments 

Food  Conservation  and  Food  Production — Mrs. 
J.  Lumpkins. 

Liberty  Loan  and  War  Savings — Mrs.  Brooks 
Davis  and  Miss  Lillie   Wilkinson. 

Education,  Health  and  Child  Welfare— Mrs.  Wil- 
son. 

Safe-guarding  and  Red  Cross — Mrs.  W.  S.  White. 

WILTON    UNIT 

Officers 

Mrs.  J.   W.    Whitfield    Chairman 

Mrs.   Jimmie    Gooch    Vice-Chairman 

Miss    Annie   Moss    Secretary 

Miss   Addie    Breedlove    Treasurer 

Chairmen    of    Departments 
Food   Production — Mrs.  Otis  Jenkins. 
Food   Conservation — Mrs.    Willie   Gooch. 
Red   Cross  and   Safe-guarding — Mrs.   Tom   Rogers. 
Liberty  Loan  and  War  Savings — Mrs.  J.  A.  Mor- 
ris. 

CULBRETH     UNIT 

Officers 

Mrs.   Ed.    Clement   Chairman 

Chairmen    of    Departments 
Food    Conservation    and    Production — Miss      Alma 

Jones. 
Liberty  Loan — Mrs.  S.  H.  Jones. 
Red  Cross — Mrs.  Joe  Currin. 
Health  and  Child  Welfare— Mrs.  W.  T.  Currin. 
Education — Miss  Phillips. 
Y.  W.  C.  A.— Miss  Willie  May  Currin. 

PROVIDENCE    UNIT 

Officers 

Mrs.  W.  L.  Currin Chairman 

Chairmen    of    Departments 
Food    Conservation    and   Production — Mrs.      Susan 

Walters. 
Liberty  Loan  and  War  Savings — Mrs.  Trim  Aver- 

ett. 
Red   Cross— Mrs.   Will   Kimball. 

KNAP  OF  REEDS  UNIT 

Officers 

Miss   Ella   Hall   Chairman 

Miss  Mamie  Veasey Secretary-Treasurer 

Chairmen    of    Departments 

Food  Conservation  and  production — Mrs.  J.  C. 
Walker. 

War  Savings  and  Liberty  Loan — Miss  Rheda  Urn- 
stead. 

Safe-guarding — Mrs.  J.   E.   Parker. 

Education  and  Child  Welfare— Mrs.  S.  F.  Bullock. 

Red  Cross — Mrs.  J.  Ralph  Weaver. 


184 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


NORTHSIDE    UNIT 

Officers 
Mrs.  C.  M.  Fleming Chairman 

Chairmen   of  Departments 
Food — Miss  Helen  Aiken. 

Red  Cross — Miss  Nannie  Roycroft;  Mrs.  W.  H. 
Fleming,  Secretary-Treasurer. 

WEST    OXFORD    UNIT 

Officers 

Mrs.  J.  F.  Duncan Chairman 

Chairmen   of  Departments 
Food,    War    Savings      and      Liberty      Loan — Mrs. 

Kerney. 
Red    Cross — Mrs.    Lanier;      Mrs.      Lanier,      Vice- 
Chairman;  Miss  Hunt,  Secretary. 

KNOTT'S  GROVE  UNIT 

Organized  April  22,  1918 

Officers 

Mrs.  Sam  Knott Chairman 

Mrs.   John    Dean    Vice-Chairman 

Miss  Inez  Frazier Secretary-Treasurer 

Chairmen   of  Departments 

Liberty  Loan  and  War  Savings — Miss  Nannie 
Pearl  Knott;  Mrs.  A.  S.  Frazier,  Vice-Chair- 
man. 

Red  Cross — Mrs.  A.  S.  Frazier. 

Food  Conservation  and  Production — Miss  Rosa 
Knott. 

Safe-guarding — Miss  Lena  Dean. 

CLARKE'S   SCHOOL   UNIT 

Organized  April  23,  1918 
Officers 

Mrs.  W.  L.   Clarke   Chairman 

Mrs.   R.   A.   Loyd Secretary-Treasurer 

Chairmen   of  Departments 
Food   Conservation — Mrs.   Eddie   Wilkerson. 
Red  Cross— Mrs.  G.  T.  Pittard. 
Liberty  Loan  and  War  Savings — Miss  Lonie  Wil- 
kerson. 

SALEM   UNIT 

Organized  April  29,  1918 

Officers 

Mrs.   Eddie   Hunt   Chairman 

Miss  Mattie   Rice Secretary-Treasurer 

Chairmen   of  Departments 
Liberty  Loan  and  War  Savings — Miss  Bessie  Man- 
gum. 
Food   Conservation   and      Food     Production — Mrs. 

Filmore  Adcock. 
Red   Cross — Miss    Eloise    Crews. 
Safe-guarding — Mrs.   Thad   Parham. 
WILLIFORD   SCHOOL  UNIT 
Organized  May  25,  1918 
Officers 
Mrs.   L.   T.   Williford   Chairman 


Chairmen   of  Departments 

Red   Cross — Mrs.   A.   Williford. 

Food — Miss  Mattie  G.  Daniel;  Miss  Lillie  Mea- 
dows, V  ice-Chairman. 

Liberty  Loan  and  War  Savings — Miss  Daisy  Wil- 
liford. 

Safe-guarding — Miss  Jeannette   Daniel. 

CREEDMOOR    UNIT 

Officers 

Mrs.  R.  T.  U.  Winston Chairman 

Chairmen   of  Departments 
Red  Cross— Mrs.   C.  W.   York. 

Food  Production  and  Conservation — Mrs.  S.  H. 
Rogers. 

BULLOCK  UNIT 

Officers 
Mrs.   Lex  Norwood   Chairman 

STEM    UNIT 

Officers 

Mrs.  P.  R.  Hardee Chairman 

Miss   Ella   Hall   Secretary 

Chairmen  of  Departments 
Liberty  Loan — Mrs.  Will  Gooch. 

FISHING  CREEK  UNIT 

Officers 

Miss    Hattie   Harris    Chairman 

Chairmen  of  Departments 
Liberty    Loan — Mrs.    Hamlin    Cheatham. 
BEREA   UNIT 

Officers 
Miss    Ida    Fuller    Chairman 

HOWARD  UNIT 

Officers 

Miss   Ethel   Daniel   Chairman 

An  Expression  of  Regard  from  the  Chairman  of 
Granville  County  Division  of  the  Woman's 
Committee  of   National   Defense. 

To  the  Oxford  Unit  the  council  owes  a 
great  and  lasting  obligation,  for  by  the 
leadership  of  the  chairman  of  this  unit, 
Mrs.  H.  G.  Cooper,  the  enthusiastic  support 
of  all  the  departments  was  kept  alive  and 
active,  with  wonderful  results  for  service. 

Mrs.  A.  H.  Powell. 


In  order  that  certain  outstanding  ex- 
penses could  be  provided  for,  a  committee 
composed  of  Mrs.  Powell  of  the  County 
Unit,  and  Mrs.  H.  G.  Cooper  of  the  Oxford 
Unit,  made  an  appeal  to  the  County  Com- 
missioners and  secured  the  amount  of  fifty 
dollars  for  the  use  of  the  council. 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


185 


Early  in  September,  1917,  the  first  all- 
day  get-together  meeting  was  held  in  the 
Oxford  graded  school  building.  Stormy 
weather  prevented  a  large  attendance  from 
the  county,  but  those  who  came  were  en- 
thusiastic and  anxious  to  be  instructed  as 
to  what  to  do.  They  gathered  in  the  audi- 
torium, where,  by  special  arrangement, 
several  out-of-town  visitors  were  present 
to  make  addresses  and  answer  questions — 
emphasizing  the  importance  of  food  pro- 
duction— and  giving  instruction  as  to  the 
many  ways  in  which  women  could  begin 
to  economize.  Mrs.  J.  R.  Chamberlain,  of 
Raleigh,  spoke  words  of  encouragement  and 
helpfulness,  explaining  fully  the  purpose  of 
the  organization,  and  the  work  that  women 
might  accomplish  when  their  efforts  were 
united.  Miss  Jamison,  of  Raleigh,  State 
Assistant  in  Home  Demonstration  Work, 
with  all  utensils,  and  material  in  place, 
made  many  practical  demonstrations  in 
preparing  and  cooking  food  from  war 
recipes. 

Mr.  A.  G.  Oliver,  of  the  A.  &  E.  College, 
Raleigh,  gave  an  instructive  talk  on  the 
care  and  raising  of  poultry.  The  county 
officers  who  were  present  spoke  of  the 
plans  that  had  been  outlined  by  them  for 
the  different  departments  of  work,  and  dis- 
cussed the  most  practicable  way  to  go 
about  it. 

At  the  noon  hour  a  basket  luncheon  was 
served.  This  being  the  first  meeting  of 
its  kind  in  the  history  of  the  county  the 
names  of  those  who  attended  were  regis- 
tered, to  go  on  record,  and  are  as  follows: 

Mrs.  A.  H.  Powell,  Chairman  Granville  County 
W.  C.  N.  D. 

Mrs.  T.  G.  Currin,  Vice-Chairman  Granville  Coun- 
ty W.  C.  N.  D. 

Mrs.  A.  L.  Capehart,  Chairman  Granville  County 
Food  Conservation. 

Mrs.  Mary  Delacroix,  Chairman  Home  and  For- 
eign Relief,  Auxiliary  to  A.  R.C.,  Oxford  Unit. 

Mrs.  H.  G.  Cooper,  Chairman  Oxford  Unit  W.  C. 
N.  D. 

Mrs.  A.  A.  Hicks,  Chairman  Granville  County 
Community  Music. 

Mrs.  H.  M.  Shaw,  Chairman  Food  Production,  Ox- 
ford Unit. 


Mrs.  Louis  Thorpe,  Chairman  Social  Service,  Ox- 
ford  Unit. 

Mrs.    C.   D.   Ray,    Oxford,   N.    C. 

Mrs.   S.  H.   Cannady,   Oxford,  X.   C. 

Mrs.  N.  H.  Cannady,   Oxford,  N.   C. 

Mrs.   T.   L.   Booth,   Oxford,   N.   C. 

Miss  Jeannette  Biggs,  Oxford,  N.  C. 

Mrs.  E.  P.  Jeffreys,  Oxford,  N.  C. 

Miss  Myrtle  Overton,  Kittrell,  N.  C. 

Mrs.  G.  B.   Phillips,  Oxford,  N.  C. 

Mrs.  J.  M.  Blalock,   Oxford,  N.   C. 

Mr.  J.  F.  Webb,  Oxford,  X.  C. 

Dr.  A.   Sails,  Cxford,  N.   C. 

Mrs.  A.  Sails,  Oxford,  N.  C. 

Miss  Grace  Jean  Sails,  Oxford,  N.  C. 

Miss  Helen  Sails,  Chairman  Education,  Granville 
County  Unit. 

Miss  Edna  White,  Chairman  Child  Welfare,  Ox- 
ford   Unit. 

Mrs.  M.  F.  Means,  Oxford,  X.  C. 

Sue  M.  Kimball,  Oxford,  X.  C. 

Julia  Brent  Hicks,  Oxford,  X.  C. 

Mrs.   B.  E.   Parham,  Oxford,   X.   C. 

Myrtle  Mayes,  Route  6,  Oxford,  X.  C. 

Lizzie  Mayes,  Route  6,  Oxford,  X.  C. 

Millard  Mayes,  Route  6,   Oxford,  X.  C. 

Allene  Mayes,  Route  6,  Oxford,  X.  C. 

Mary  Frances  Dickerson,  Route  2,   Oxford,  X.   C. 

Mrs.  Ed.  Dickerson,  Route  2,  Oxford,  X.  C. 

Miss  Loyd  Dickerson,  Route  2,  Oxford,  X.  C. 

Miss  Rosa  Dickerson,  Route  2,  Oxford,  N.  C. 

Mrs.  W.  T.  Dickerson,  Route  2,  Oxford,  X.  C. 

Miss  Lillian  Dickerson,  Route  2,  Oxford,  X.  C. 

Ethan  Mayes,  Route  6,  Oxford,  X.  C. 

Mrs.  C.  L.   Floyd,  Route  2,  Kittrell,  X.  C. 

Miss  Bertie  L.  Floyd,  Route  2,  Kittrell,  X.  C. 

Mr.   A.   L.   Capehart,   Oxford,   X.   C. 

Miss   Margaret   Capehart,    Oxford,   X.   C. 

Miss   Sophronia   Cooper,   Oxford,   X.   C. 

Mrs.   S.  H.  Rogers,   Creedmoor,  X.   C. 

Miss   Rogers,   Creedmoor,   X.   C. 

Mrs.    Lyon,    Creedmoor,   X.    C. 

Mrs.  J.   E.  Harris,  Creedmoor,  X.   C. 

Mrs.   Ed.  Clement,  Culbreth,  X.  C. 

Mrs.  Geo.  Royster,   Culbreth,  X.  C. 

Mrs.  R.  G.  Lassiter,  Chairman  Registration,  Ox- 
ford Unit. 

Mrs.  J.  M.   Currin,  Oxford,  X.   C. 

Mrs.  W.  C.  Tyree,  Oxford,  X.   C. 

Daisy   Cooper,   Oxford,   X.   C. 

Williams  Cooper,  Oxford,  X.  C. 

Tom  Booth,  Oxford,  X.  C. 

William   Howell,   Jr.,    Oxford,    X.    C. 

Miss  Mary  E.  Webb,  Pianist,  Oxford  Unit. 

Mary  Currin,  Route  6,  Oxford,  N.  C. 

Ellie   Currin,   Route   6,   Oxford,   X.   C. 

Miss   Ophelia    O'Brien,   Oxford,   X.   C. 

Mrs.  S.  S.  Overton,  Route  2,  Kittrell,  X.   C. 

Miss   Lois  Overton,  Route  2,  Kittrell,  X.   C. 


186 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


W.  S.  Latta,  Route  2,  Kittrell,  N.  C. 
Mrs.  D.  G.  Brummitt,  Oxford,  N.   C. 
Mrs.  H.  O.  Furman,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Mrs.  Graham  Roberts,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Mrs.  T.  Lanier,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Miss  Nette  Gregory,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Miss  Jamison,   Raleigh,  N.   C. 
Mrs.  J.  R.  Chamberlain,  Raleigh,  N.  C. 
Mr.   A.  G.   Oliver,  Raleigh,  N.   C. 
Rev.  R.  H.  Willis,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Mr.  B.  K.   Lassiter,  Oxford,   N.   C. 
Mr.  A.  H.  Powell,  Oxford,  N.  C. 

March  15,  1918,  a  second  all-day  meet- 
ing was  held.  This  was  on  a  much  more 
elaborate  scale  than  the  first  meeting.  The 
morning  session  was  held  in  the  armory, 
and  was  largely  attended,  more  than  100 
ladies  were  present  from  the  town,  and 
nearly  every  unit  in  the  county  was  repre- 
sented by  one  or  more  members.  Food  con- 
servation and  production  were  the  first 
topics  discussed. 

Mrs.  A.  L.  Capehart,  County  Chairman 
of  Food  Conservation,  presented  Miss  Jam- 
ison, of  Raleigh,  who  gave  the  demonstra- 
tions in  preparing  meat  and  wheat  substi- 
tutes, and  Mrs.  J.  A.  Morris,  of  the  coun- 
ty, talked  of  food  production.  Both  distri- 
buted literature  on  these  subjects.  A  lun- 
cheon of  meat  and  wheat  substitutes,  ar- 
ranged by  the  Oxford  Unit,  was  then  serv- 
ed to  all  present.  The  menu  consisted  of 
fruit  salad,  hard-boiled  eggs  with  cream 
dressing,  grated  cheese,  brown  bread  and 
coffee. 

In  the  afternoon  a  beautiful  war  pageant, 
with  patriotic  songs,  was  given  at  the 
graded  school  building,  under  the  direction 
of  Mrs.  John  Booth,  Chairman  of  Music 
Department,  Oxford  Unit,  Mrs.  A.  A. 
Hicks,  Chairman  of  Music  Department, 
County  Unit,  and  Miss  Allene  Minor,  of  the 
State  Normal  College. 

In  the  evening  Mrs.  Palmer  Jerman, 
State  Vice-Chairman  of  Woman's  Council 
of  National  Defense,  and  Mrs.  Thomas  W. 
Bickett,  wife  of  the  Governor  of  North 
Carolina,  addressed  a  large  and  enthusiastic 
audience  in  the  auditorium  of  the  graded 
school. 


In  September,  1918,  another  important 
meeting  of  the  Granville  Council  was  held 
in  the  Oxford  library,  called  by  Mrs.  Pow- 
ell, Chairman. 

Plans  were  announced  for  a  Y.  W.  C.  A. 
drive  in  the  county,  to  be  conducted  by  Miss 
Nette  Gregory,  who  had  agreed  to  act  as 
chairman  of  that  work. 

There  being  no  money  in  the  treasury  for 
necessary  expenses  the  County  Chairman 
planned  an  evening's  entertainment  to  be 
given  in  her  own  home,  for  which  a  small 
entrance  fee  was  paid  by  the  guests,  and 
the  sum  of  twenty-five  dollars  was  raised. 

The  program  was  an  attractive  one,  made 
up  largely  of  readings,  rendered  by  Miss 
Grace  Jean  Sails.  Miss  Sails  was  assisted 
in  her  entertainment  by  Miss  Londa  Sham- 
burger,  reader,  and  Miss  Helen  Royster, 
voice. 

Every  woman  in  Oxford  esteemed  it  a 
privilege,  as  well  as  a  patriotic  duty,  to  con- 
tribute her  time  and  talent  whenever  op- 
portunity arose,  toward  furthering  the 
work  of  any  department  of  the  home  de- 
fense. 

The  work  of  Miss  May  White,  Chairman 
of  the  Campaign  for  Student  Nurse  Volun- 
teers, was  commended.  Those  who  had  en- 
rolled for  nursing  were,  Miss  Esther  Mit- 
chell, Miss  Helen  Sails,  and  Miss  Helen 
Royster.  Annie  Brandon,  a  competent  col- 
ored woman,  also  offered  her  service,  and 
later  did  intelligent  and  efficient  work,  a- 
mong  the  people  of  her  own  race.  Miss  Es- 
ther Mitchell  had  received  her  notification 
to  report  at  Camp  Jackson  for  duty,  and  a 
letter  of  appreciation  on  behalf  of  the  Coun- 
cil for  her  faithful  service  to  that  orga- 
nization was  sent  to  her  before  her  depar- 
ture. It  was  decided  at  this  meeting  that 
the  Granville  County  Council  arrange  for 
exhibits  at  the  forthcoming  County  Fair, 
representing  the  different  phases  of  war 
work.  At  the  appointed  time  for  the  fair 
four  booths  were  arranged  for  exhibits, 
viz :  Red  Cross,  Liberty  Loan,  Registration 
and  Food  Conservation ;  these  four  repre- 
senting the  line  of  work  on  which  the  State 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


187 


Council  had  placed  special  stress  as  de- 
manding urgent  attention.  The  Granville 
County  Unit  also  offered  premiums  at  all 
community  fairs  where  exhibits  should  be 
made  that  would  include  all  departments  of 
the  work  of  the  council. 

Much  work  that  otherwise  would  have 
been  accomplished  was  interrupted  by  the 
wide-spread  epidemic  of  influenza.  For  a 
period  of  six  weeks  all  public  schools, 
churches,  picture  theatres,  clubs,  and  gath- 
erings of  any  nature,  were  closed  by  the 
health  authorities. 


REPORT  OF  WAR  WORK   IN   FOOD   PRODUCTION 

AND    FOOD    CONSERVATION    BY    THE 

WOMEN    OF    GRANVILLE    COUNTY 

Communicated  by  Mrs.  A.  L.  Capehart,  Chairman 
of  Food  Production  and  Food  Conservation  of 
Granville  County,  Woman's  Committee  of 
Council  of  National  Defense. 

In  the  fall  of  1917  an  announcement  was 
made  by  the  U.  S.  Food  Administration 
that  in  order  to  win  the  war  an  enormous 
increase  in  the  amount  of  supplies  shipped 
to  our  allies  must  be  made.  This  could  be 
accomplished  in  only  two  ways— by  a  care- 
ful saving  of  food  in  the  homes  and  an  in- 
crease in  production.  Plans  were  made  by 
the  U.  S.  Food  Administration  and  the  U, 
S.  Department  of  Agriculture  for  a  vigor- 
ous nation-wide  campaign  for  food  produc- 
tion and  food  conservation.  The  women  of 
the  country  were  called  upon  to  help  put 
over  this  campaign. 

In  Granville  County  the  work  among  wo- 
men started  early  in  the  fall.  Food  conser- 
vation exhibits  were  made  at  the  County 
Fair,  in  store  windows  and  other  public 
places.  Food  posters  and  food  cards  for 
membership  in  the  Food  Administration 
Service  were  widely  distributed.  The  slo- 
gan, "Food  will  win  the  war,"  was  made 
prominent  everywhere.  The  four  things 
desired  for  shipment  were  wheat  flour,  red 
meats,  sugar  and  fats.  In  order  that  the 
women  might  be  instructed  in  the  use  of 
substitutes  for  these,  recipes  and  demon- 
strations were  given  at  many  places  in  the 


county  by  specialists  from  the  Department 
of  Agriculture  and  by  many  volunteer 
workers  among  the  women  of  the  county. 
Corn  meal  was  the  substitute  most  used  but 
rice,  potatoes,  buckwheat  and  oatmeal  were 
more  largely  used  than  ever  before  in  the 
diet  of  our  people.  Wheatless  and  meat- 
less days,  as  requested  by  the  Food  Admin- 
istration, were  very  generally  observed. 

Many  people  were  reached  through  the 
schools.  In  fact,  almost  all  of  the  schools 
of  the  county  were  visited  by  volunteer 
workers  and  specialists  who  talked  on  food 
production  and  food  conservation  and  oth- 
er war  activities.  Gardening  and  poultry 
■work  was  much  increased  in  this  way. 

In  the  spring  when  there  was  a  great 
scarcity  of  tin  and  it  seemed  likely  that  it 
would  be  impossible  to  secure  containers 
for  the  fruits  and  vegetables  that  should  be 
canned,  the  government  made  it  possible 
for  us  to  secure  a  car  load  of  tin  cans. 
These  were  shipped  to  us  uncrated,  52,000 
in  number  and  were  unloaded,  counted,  and 
delivered  by  school  boys  and  girls  who  gave 
their  services.  A  part  of  these  were  re- 
shipped  to  adjoining  counties — Vance  and 
Person.  Special  plantings  were  made  by 
the  housekeepers  in  their  gardens  with  a 
view  of  filling  these  cans — some  of  whom 
did  their  own  canning  for  the  first  time 
that  season,  and  others  who  were  so  much 
occupied  with  other  work  that  this  was  im- 
possible, employed  canning  club  girls  and 
others  of  experience  to  do  their  canning 
for  them.  Many  cans  of  fruits  and  vege- 
tables were  saved  in  this  way.  It  is  not 
definitely  known  how  many  canning  out- 
fits were  placed  in  homes,  but  we  have  a 
record  of  64  that  were  placed  that  season, 
and  an  approximate  estimate  of  the  number 
of  containers  filled  as  the  result  of  emer- 
gency work  in  food  production  and  conser- 
vation carried  on  to  meet  war  conditions, 
is  placed  at  100,000  containers.  In  addi- 
tion to  the  canning  in  homes  there  was  a 
good  deal  of  canning  done  in  community 
gatherings,  notably  that  done  by  the  Ox- 
ford Unit  of  the  Council  of  National  De- 


188 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    W  0  R  L  D    WAR 


fense.  Hundreds  of  cans  were  filled  by 
them  from  the  gardens  of  Oxford  and 
nearby  localities  that  would  otherwise  have 
gone  to  waste.  Our  records  show  four  or 
five  thousand  cans  done  by  single  individ- 
uals, who  previous  to  this  time  had  done 
only  a  few  hundred. 

In  compliance  with  a  request  from  the 
Food  Administration,  a  food  survey  was 
made  in  the  homes  of  the  county.  Twenty- 
five  families  were  selected  in  Stovall,  Ox- 
ford and  Creedmoor  in  which  the  house- 
keepers agreed  to  keep  an  accurate  account 
of  the  food  used  and  food  stored  in  their 
homes  for  a  period  of  two  weeks,  giving 
the  value  of  same  according  to  prices  in  the 
local  market.  These  records  were  collect- 
ed, tabulated  and  forwarded  to  the  depart- 
ments in  charge  where  they  served  their 
purpose  in  helping  to  determine  what  the 
food  situation  was. 

In  the  fall  of  1918  preparations  were 
made  for  a  larger  and  more  comprehensive 
exhibit  at  the  community  and  county  fairs. 
Special  committees  had  this  work  well 
planned  and  under  way  at  five  places  in  the 
county,  but  owing  to  the  influenza  epidemic 
all  fairs  were  called  off  and  so  the  exhibit 
was  not  made. 


woman's  war  savings  committee 
The  following  committee  of  women  was 
appointed  to  promote  the     War     Savings 
work  in  Granville  County : 

Mrs.  A.  L.  Capehart,  Chairman,  Oxford, 
N.  C;  Miss  Willoree  Calton,  Roxboro,  N. 
C. ;  Mrs.  Will  Gooch,  Stem,  N.  C. ;  Mrs.  Ed- 
ward Clement,  Route  1,  Oxford,  N.  C;  Miss 
Lillie  Wilkerson,  Stovall,  N.  C. ;  Mrs.  T.  L. 
Booth,  Oxford,  N.  C;  Miss  Bessie  Man- 
gum,  Route  5,  Oxford,  N.  C;  Miss  Eunice 
Crews,  Route  2,  Oxford,  N.  C. ;  Mrs.  J.  A. 
Morris,  Route  2,  Oxford,  N.  C;  Miss  Hat- 
tie  Harris,  Route  3,  Oxford,  N.  C. 

The  chairman  of  this  committee  attend- 
ed the  War  Savings  Institute  that  was  held 
in  Raleigh,  February  10-12,  1918,  under 
the  direction  of  Col.  F.  H.  Fries,  State  Di- 
rector of  War  Savings,  for  the  purpose  of 


getting  information  regarding  the  plan  of 
work. 

Various  women's  clubs  of  the  county 
were  asked  to  make  War  Savings  work  a 
department  of  their  organizations. 

A  committee  from  the  Woman's  Club  of 
Oxford  made  a  canvass  of  the  town  for  the 
sale  of  War  Savings  Stamps  under  the  di- 
rection of  Mrs.  T.  L.  Booth.  The  work  in 
other  parts  of  the  county  was  done  mainly 
through  the  schools.  There  was  no  definite 
quota  of  the  county's  work  assigned  to  wo- 
men, but  it  is  a  well-known  fact  that  women 
and  children  invested  largely  in  War  Sav- 
ings Stamps. 

Oxford  being  the  first  and  largest  of  all 
the  county  units  organized,  stood  in  the 
relation  of  big  sister  to  the  others,  though 
all  of  them  did  effective  work  according  to 
size  and  strength.  Mrs.  H.  G.  Cooper  was 
Chairman  of  the  Oxford  Unit,  and  this 
body  was  now  holding  regular  monthly 
meetings  in  the  library.  These  meetings 
were  opened  with  prayer,  and  conducted 
in  an  earnest  spirit,  with  a  conscientious 
desire  on  the  part  of  each  one  present  to 
do  her  full  duty. 

Twelve  months  of  war,  with  its  atten- 
dant anxiety  and  unrest,  had  done  its  part 
for  Oxford  women  toward  enlarging  the 
vision,  and  gaining  new  viewpoints — as  to 
obligations  to  others,  opportunity  for  ser- 
vice and  self-denial  and  the  reconsecration 
of  self  to  God  and  His  purpose.  No  call 
for  service  in  any  of  the  activities  of  the 
council  was  left  unanswered.  Prayer  ser- 
vice for  the  soldiers  was  conducted  each 
week  in  one  of  the  churches — each  service 
being  arranged  for,  and  its  leader  appoint- 
ed by  Mrs.  R.  L.  Brown  who  was  Chairman 
of  the  Department  for  Safe-guarding  of 
Moral  and  Spiritual  Forces.  These  gather- 
ings were  largely  attended,  helpful,  and  of 
much  comfort.  Women  met  together  with 
hearts  burdened  with  anxiety  and  sick  with 
fear  of  what  might  be  the  outcome  of  the 
war,  but  they  came  away  strengthened  and 
comforted.  The  touch  of  a  gentle  hand, 
the  smile  of  a  sympathetic  friend,  a  few 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


189 


words  of  cheer  from  a  brave-hearted  mo- 
lher-of-a-lad-across-the-sea,  and,  most  of 
all,  the  renewed  trust  in  God  found  on  the 
altar  of  prayer,  during  that  hour  of  ser- 
vice, were  vital  elements  in  the  daily  lives 
of  the  women  in  the  homes,  during  the 
summer  of  1918.  Silent  prayer  at  a  given 
time  was  also  a  form  observed  daily  among 
the  people  at  this  time.  Six  o'clock  was  the 
chosen  hour  in  Oxford.  And  at  the  ring- 
ing of  the  bells  heads  were  bowed  in  prayer 
for  the  space  of  four  minutes,  whether  in 
the  homes,  on  the  streets,  or  in  places  of 
business. 


"MIZPAH" 

Each  day  when  the  curfew  is  tolling  for  prayer 

I   silently   steal   apart, 

To  hold  communion  with   God — and  with   you — 

And  kindle  love's  sacred  fires  anew, 

On  the  altar  of  my  heart. 

I  leave  behind  me  all  worry  and  care 

That  may  have  been  mine  thro'  the  day, 

And  I  turn  my  face  toward  the  East — and  you — 

While  my  heart  reaches  out  o'er  the  waters  blue 

And  enfolds  you  about,  while  I  pray. 

"All's  right  with  the  world,"  in  that  blessed  hour, 
And  "God's  in  His  Heaven,"   above — 
The  wings  of  the  morn  in  one  hand  holdeth  He — 
With  the  other — the  uttermost  parts  of  the  sea, 
And  shall  He  not  care  for  our  love! 

But,  oh,  my  beloved!  'tis  you  holds  the  key 
That   unlocks   the   old   prayer   from   my   heart — 
"May   the    dear   blessed    Lord    watch    between    me 
and   thee — 
And  guide  you,  and  keep  you,  wherever  you  be, 
While  we  two   are   far  apart." 


Food  conservation  was  the  all  important 
topic  at  every  meeting  of  the  unit.  Al- 
ready pledges  had  been  made  and  meatless 
and  wheatless  days  were  being  observed  in 
the  homes  of  the  entire  community.  Sugar 
could  be  obtained  only  in  very  limited  quan- 
tities, but  that  was  used  sparingly.  Re- 
freshments were  discontinued  at  clubs,  and 
all  social  gatherings.  Many  flower  plots 
were  turned  into  vegetable  gardens,  and 
many  gardens  were  enlarged  to  increase 
their  usefulness.  The  great  potato  drive 
which  swept  the  country  found  many  cham- 
pions in  the  town  and  county. 


Mrs.  Capehart,  County  Chairman  of 
Food  Conservation,  suggested  a  novel  way 
to  advertise  the  Irish  potato  as  a  war  food 
for  home  use,  which  was  carried  out  in  a 
clever  window  exhibit  arranged  by  Mrs. 
J.  D.  Brooks,  Oxford  Chairman  of  Food 
Conservation,  Mrs.  Mary  Cooper  Evins 
and  others.  The  "characters"  were  made 
of  potatoes,  wired  into  shape,  and  decked 
out  in  suits  of  khaki — all  standing  at  at- 
tention in  tableau.  This  was  placed  at  a 
central  location  in  the  business  section  of 
town  and  attracted  much  notice. 

Numbers  of  women  and  girls  were  giv- 
ing assistance  to  the  local  board  of  exemp- 
tion in  copying  registration  cards,  and 
other  clerical  work.  Mrs.  R.  G.  Lassiter, 
Chairman  of  Registration,  was  directing 
that  important  department.  She  arranged 
for  special  places  for  registration  and  con- 
ducted drives  for  soliciting  names,  and 
pledges  as  to  amount  of  time  to  be  given  by 
each  one  for  service  in  emergency  work. 

The  Y.  W.  C.  A.  campaign,  conducted  by 
Miss  Nette  Gregory  (in  cooperation  with 
the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  work  under  the  direction  of 
Mr.  R.  H.  Lewis),  affected  every  unit  in 
the  county,  and  was  productive  of  much 
good. 

Many  friendly  and  cheerful  letters  were 
written  to  the  soldiers  in  training  camps, 
and  also  to  the  boys  who  had  gone  to 
France,  by  the  Oxford  women — most  of 
whom  had  adopted  a  special  soldier  for  a 
god-son,  so  that  no  boy  need  feel  that  he 
had  been  forgotten.  Numerous  magazines, 
newspapers,  and  books  were  sent  out  by 
god-mothers  besides  those  collected  and 
sent  by  the  committees  in  the  council. 

The  Granville  Division,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Mrs.  Powell,  contributed  five  or  six 
hundred  desirable  books  for  soldiers  and 
sailors,  during  the  week  of  the  book  cam- 
paign, which  were  sent  to  Camp  Greene 
and  Fort  Caswell. 

Enthusiastic  cooperation  in  the  Liberty 
Bond  drives  was  given  the  business  men  of 
Oxford  by  the  women  of  town  and  county, 
under  the  chairmanship   of   Mrs.   Candace 


190 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


Emmett-Brown  and  her  assistant,  Mrs.  J. 
D.  Brooks.  Practically  every  man,  woman 
and  child  in  the  county  was  given  an  op- 
portunity to  subscribe  to  a  bond.  Money 
and  food  were  the  two  things  needful  to 
carry  on  the  war,  and  the  women  of  the  or- 
ganization who  gave  their  time  and  talent 
toward  getting  these  in  hand  were  render- 
ing valuable  service  in  their  unit,  as  well 
as  to  the  government. 


REPORT  OF  THIRD  AND  FOURTH  LIBERTY  LOAN 
DRIVES 

Communicated  by  Mrs.  Candace  Emmett-Brown, 
Chairman  of  Granville  County  Liberty  Loan 
of  the  Woman's  Committee  of  Council  of  Na- 
tional   Defense. 

The  strongest  fact  is  that  up  until  the 
third  drive,  and  until  the  women  came  to 
the  relief  of  the  men's  committee,  Granville 
County  did  not  meet  her  allotment.  In 
this  drive  the  women  sold  more  bonds  than 
the  men,  although  they  agreed  to  divide 
laurels  and  bonds. 

The  county  was  divided  into  districts — 
each  district  having  its  own  appointed 
chairman,  with  a  committee  working  un- 
der her  direction.  The  committees  at  Sto- 
vall  and  at  Creedmoor  did  unusually  effi- 
cient work. 

The  fourth  drive  was  handled  more  vig- 
orously by  the  men's  committee,  and  the 
women  were  requested  to  work  very  quiet- 
ly until  after  their  drive.  For  ten  days  the 
woman's  committee,  under  the  energetic 
management  of  Mrs.  J.  D.  Brooks,  served 
luncheon  to  the  entire  committee  of  Oxford 
men,  and  on  the  day  before  the  drive  serv- 
ed an  elaborate  dinner  to  the  committee 
from  all  over  the  county.  This  was  done 
to  inspire  interest  and  enthusiasm  in  the 
sale  of  Granville's  allotment.  The  record 
was  not  so  clearly  kept  during  the  sale  of 
the  fourth  drive  as  the  third,  but  in  the 
beginning  it  was  decided  that  both  com- 
mittees were  to  work  together. 

There  were  more  small  bonds  sold  dur- 
ing this  drive  as  it  was  the  request  of  the 
government  to  place  them  in  the  hands  of 


as  many  people  as  possible.  There  were 
some  large  bonds  sold  also,  the  committee 
gaining  confidence  in  themselves  as  they 
proceeded. 

The  chairman  had  an  established  office 
for  both  drives,  where  the  county  women 
reported  and  literature  was  distributed. 
When  the  Liberty  Loan  drive  came  on  the 
chairman  was  unavoidably  absent,  and 
Mrs.  J.  D.  Brooks  was  appointed  chairman 
of  the  Woman's  Committee  and  did  valiant 
service. 

The  chairman  was  requested  by  Mrs.  Mc- 
Adoo,  National  Chairman,  to  act  as  State 
Chairman  for  the  Liberty  Bond  drive,  but 
was  compelled  to  decline  the  honor. 


On  July  4,  1918,  a  patriotic  demonstra- 
tion was  featured  by  a  parade,  consisting 
of  many  floats,  representing  different  de- 
partments of  the  work.  This  was  arrang- 
ed on  motor  trucks,  decorated  for  the  pur- 
pose with  flags,  bunting  and  flowers.  Sev- 
eral of  the  floats  bore  the  community  sing- 
ers who,  under  the  chairmanship  of  Mrs. 
A.  A.  Hicks,  sang  patriotic  and  favorite 
war  songs.  After  parading  the  principal 
streets  of  the  town  the  singers  repaired  to 
the  court  house  where  a  community  song 
service  was  engaged  in.  The  sweet,  child- 
ish voices  of  the  graded  school  children  ad- 
ded greatly  to  the  music ;  the  young  girls 
dressed  in  white,  with  draperies  of  red, 
white  and  blue,  making  an  attractive  pic- 
ture. 

Soon  after  the  Department  of  Music  was 
added  to  the  work  of  the  National  Council, 
the  Granville  County  Division  adopted  it, 
in  order  that  interest  in  community  sing- 
ing might  be  stimulated.  A  number  of 
communities  organized  choruses  with  the 
schools  as  centers.  In  Oxford  the  singers 
were  known  as  the  "Liberty  Chorus."  Pa- 
triotic and  other  popular  war  songs  were 
used,  and  wherever  there  was  a  public 
gathering,  or  any  activity  of  a  patriotic  na- 
ture, the  Liberty  Chorus  was  there,  adding 
greatly  to  the  interest  and  pleasure  of  all 
concerned. 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


191 


It  was  not  the  intention  of  the  Woman's 
Committee  of  the  National  Council,  when 
organizing  its  working  departments  for 
war  work,  to  form  any  organization  for  the 
purpose  of  meeting  in  competition  with 
any  already  existing  organizations. 

The  Home  and  Foreign  Relief  Depart- 
ment was  asked  to  cooperate  with  the  Red 
Cross;  all  foreign  relief  work  to  be  refer- 
red to  that  organization ;  and  all  home  re- 
lief work  to  be  effected  in  cooperation  with 
them,  as  the  needs  of  the  soldiers'  families 
were  brought  to  the  attention  of  the  de- 
partment. 


HOME   AND   FOREIGN   RELIEF 

Communicated  by  Mrs.  John  Webb,  Chairman  of 
Home  and  Foreign  Relief  of  the  Granville 
County  Division,  W.  C.  N.  D. 
The  Department  of  Home  and  Foreign 
Relief  of  the  Woman's  Committee  of  Na- 
tional Defense  in  Granville  County  was  co- 
ordinated with  Red  Cross  activities.  The 
Chairman  of  the  Extension  Committee  of 
Granville  County  Chapter  of  American 
Red  Cross  was  also  County  Chairman  of 
Home  and  Foreign  Relief.  Wherever  a 
unit  of  Woman's  Committee  National  De- 
fense was  organized  in  Granville  this  spe- 
cial work  was  presented  and  a  chairman  of 
Home  and  Foreign  Relief  elected.  In  most 
places  a  Red  Cross  Auxiliary  was  the  re- 
sult. 

The  chairman  of  Home  and  Foreign  Re- 
lief traveled  more  than  600  miles,  and  vis- 
ited 19  points  in  the  county.  Other  places 
were  visited  by  the  committee,  and  the  im- 
portance of  this  work  stressed. 

There  was  a  great  work  done  by  the  wo- 
men in  administering  relief  to  those  in  need, 
at  home,  and  a  vast  amount  of  sewing,  knit- 
ting, etc.,  done  for  the  men  at  the  front. 

The  names  of  places  visited  and  their 
respective  Chairmen  of  Home  and  Foreign 
Relief  departments  follow : 

Enon — Mrs.  Titus  Currin. 

Stovall— Mrs.  W.  S.  White. 

Bullock— Mrs.  J.  G.  Pittard. 

Stem — Miss  Marie  Stark. 


Creedmoor — Mrs.  York. 
Northside — Miss  Nannie  Roycroft. 
Knap  of  Reeds — Mrs.  E.  J.  Nance. 
Providence — Mrs.  Will  Kimball. 
Knott's  Grove — Mrs.  Alfred  Frazier. 
Corinth — Mrs.  F.  A.  Phipps. 
Wilton — Miss  Annie  Moss. 
Clarke's  School— Mrs.  T.  G.  Pittard. 
Browning — Mrs.  J.  L.  Parham. 
Williford— Mrs.  A.  Williford. 
Mountain  Creek — Mrs.  Elliott. 
Grassy  Creek— Mrs.  S.  W.  Pittard. 
West  Oxford — Mrs.  D.  F.  Lanier. 
Hester — Mrs.  Sam  Parrott. 
Salem — Miss  Eloise  Crews. 
Culbreth— Mrs.  Ed.  Clement. 
Hester's  Church — Miss  Tazzie  Dean. 
Oxford — Mrs.  Delacroix. 


In  September,  1918,  when  the  Granville 
County  Unit  had  been  organized  just 
twelve  months  it  had  received  favorable 
comment  from  the  State  Council  for  being, 
not  only  among  the  first  of  all  the  coun- 
ty units  to  organize,  but  also  for  taking  the 
lead  in  engaging  in  certain  activities  that 
were  later  adopted  by  other  counties  of  the 
State.     Among  these  were  the  following: 

Discontinuing  refreshments,  except  for 
the  wheatless  and  meatless  kind,  at  all  clubs 
and  social  gatherings.  Holding  prayer  ser- 
vice for  the  soldiers.  Distributing  Testa- 
ments to  soldiers.  Holding  all-day  county 
meetings,  with  programs,  demonstrations, 
etc.  Organizing  a  Community  Patriotic 
Music  Department.  Showing  exhibits  of 
defense  work  at  county  and  community 
fairs. 


AN  APPRECIATION 

This  sketch  of  woman's  work  in  Gran- 
ville County  during  the  period  of  the  great 
world  war  would  not  be  complete  without 
a  word  of  appreciation  in  behalf  of  its 
chairman,  Mrs.  A.  H.  Powell,  subscribed  to 
by  her  co-workers  of  the  Granville  County 
Division. 

Mrs.  Powell's  record  as  a  leader  in  com- 
munity work  was  established  long  before 


192 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


this  trying  period  of  the  county's  history 
(1917-'18). 

Possessed  of  fine  executive  ability,  pub- 
lic-spirited, generous  to  the  faults  of  oth- 
ers and  with  an  evenly-poised  manner,  so 
necessary  to  leadership  in  keeping  the  ma- 
chinery oiled  and  moving  without  friction, 
she  has  made  for  herself  a  record  that  is 
known  and  appreciated  far  beyond  the 
boundary  of  her  native  State. 

Mrs.  Powell  organized  the  Oxford  Wo- 
man's Club  in  1906,  at  a  time  when  wo- 
man's efforts  in  community  work  were  rid- 
iculed by  the  majority  and  engineered  it 
safely  through  the  first  trying  years  of  its 
history,  presiding  over  it  with  unfaltering 
courage  through  a  period  of  ten  years,  or 
until  it  was  recognized  as  one  of  the  strong- 
est forces  for  good  in  the  community. 

Since  girlhood  she  has  filled  active  and 
responsible  positions  in  the  work  of     her 


church,  and  in  all  public  movements  for 
the  moral,  social  and  aesthetic  advance- 
ment of  the  community. 

It  is  small  wonder,  then,  that  when  the 
great  body  of  State  Council  of  National 
Defense  met  in  the  State's  Capital  to  elect 
chairmen,  with  a  view  to  having  each  coun- 
ty of  the  State  organized  into  a  separate 
division,  or  unit,  to  carry  on  the  national 
defense  work,  that  Mrs.  Powell's  name  was 
mentioned  as  an  organize!  and  leader  of 
ability,  and  she  was  appointed  temporary 
chairman  for  Granville  County. 

In  her  efforts  to  "carry  on"  Mrs.  Powell 
has  brought  to  pass  a  tremendous  amount 
of  work ;  and  whatever  of  good  was  accom- 
plished by  the  Woman's  Council  of  Nation- 
al Defense,  during  those  strenuous  months 
of  1917-'18,  was  largely  due  to  her  ability 
and  splendid  leadership. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


193 


W.  T.  YANCEY 
Banker 
Oxford,   N.  C. 
Chairman    of    First,    Second,    Third    and 
Fourth    Liberty    Loans.       Full     quota     sub- 
scribed. 


W.  B.  BALLOU 
Tobacconist 
Oxford,  N.   C. 
Chairman    Victory    Liberty    Loan, 
quota    subscribed. 


Full 


DAN  A.  COBLE 
Editor   Oxford  Public  Ledger 
Oxford,   N.   C. 
Chairman    Four-Minute      Speakers    Com- 
mittee. 


HENRY    G.    COOPER 
Banker 
Oxford,  N.   C. 
Vice-Chairman      Four-Minute      Speakers 
Committee. 


194 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


JUDGE    W.    A.    DEVIN 
Judge    Superior    Court 
Oxford,   N.   C. 
Four-Minute    Speaker. 


MAJ.  A.   A.   HICKS 
Attorney  and  Counselor  at  Law 
Oxford,   N.   C. 
Member    Legal    Advisory    Board.      Four- 
Minute    Speaker. 


JOHN   W.   HESTER 
Attorney  and  Counselor  at  Law 
Oxford,   N.   C. 
Four-Minute    Speaker. 


T.   LANIER 
Attorney  and  Counselor  at  Law 
Oxford,   N.   C. 
Member    Legal    Advisory    Board.      Four- 
Minute  Speaker. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


195 


BENJAMIN    K.    LASSITER 
Attorney  and  Counselor  at  Law 
Oxford,   N.   C. 
Member    Legal    Advisory    Board.      Four- 
Minute    Speaker. 


GEN.  BEVERLY  S.  ROYSTER 

Attorney  and  Counselor  at  Law 

Oxford,  N.   C. 

Fuel  Administrator.  Four-Minute 

Speaker.     See  military  record  on  page  112. 


BENJAMIN  W.  PARHAM 

Attorney  and  Counselor  at  Law 

Oxford,   N.   C. 

Food         Administrator.  Four-Minute 

Speaker.      Member    Legal    Advisory    Board. 


THADDEUS    GARLAND    STEM 
Attorney  and   Counselor  at  Law 
Oxford,   N.   C. 
Mayor    of    Oxford.    Four-Minute    Speak- 
er.    See  military  record  on  page  114. 


196  GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


THE  SOLDIER'S  MOTHER 

When    first    that    tender    little    form 
Lay  helpless  in  my  yearning  arms, 
My  being  thrilled  with   ecstacy; 
I   prayed   to   Thee   so  fervently 
To  keep  him  safe  from  early  harms; 
Dear   God, — was   it   for   this? 

And  then  when  through  the  boyhood  days, 
His   eager  feet   found   pathways  new, 
When  youthful  careless  ways  he  strayed, 
When   mother's   hand   no   longer   led, 
I  prayed  that  Thou  would'st  keep  him  true; 
Dear   God, — was    it   for   this? 

And  then   my   lad   grown   tall   and   strong 

Looked  deep  into   a   maiden's  eyes 

And    vows    were    pledged    for    constancy, 

For   honor   called    him   far   away. 

I   plead  that   Thou   would'st  keep   him   pure; 

Dear  God, — was   it  for  this? 

Through   lonely  vigils   of  the   night 
In  years  gone  by  in  Galilee, 
Did    Mary   question   why   her    Son 
Must   die — and   not   some   other   one, 
To  make  "a  safer  world"  for  me, 
And  say — "Was  all  for  this?" 

"Yes,  'twas  for  this,"  the  answer  comes — 
The  world  must  have  such  men  today. 
Men,  pure  and  true  and  strong  to  dare — 
'Tis   Mary's   boy  whose  work  they   share, 
And  whether  they  come  back   or  stay, 
May  we  have  faith  and  love  to  say, 

"Dear  God,  it  was  for  this!" 

Kate  Hays  Fleming.  ■ 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR  197 


HIS    LAST    NIGHT    AT    HOME 

Dream   on,   my  little   soldier   son, 
While  one  last  watch   I   keep, 

And  gaze   upon  your  dear,  dear  face, 
As  you   so  gently   sleep. 

I   see  your   forehead,   quiet,   pui'e, 

With    not    a    line    to   fret; 
I   touch   your   cheeks   as    soft   as    down;— 

You're  just  a   laddie  yet. 

Hush,  do   not  wake;    it's  just  a   kiss 
Upon   your   brig'ht   brown    hair; 

Sweet   eyelids,   droop   again    in   sleep; — 
To-night,   no   shade   of  care. 

My   lovely  boy,   I   glimpse   you   now 

In    all   your   waking   days, — 
Your   crystal    honor,   whimsic    wit, 

Your   tender,   courtly   ways. 

High-hearted   as    the    knights   of   old, 

My  innocent  young  lad; 
Oh,   may   you   play   in   this   dread   fight 

The   part  of   Galahad! 

I   gaze   upon   your   dear,   dear   face, 

As   you   so  gently   sleep ; 
To-morrow    night   the    God   we   trust 

Will   tender   vigil    keep. 

Hele)i   Harriet  Sails. 


198  GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


HOLD-FAST   COLORS 

Talk  er   'bout  yer   ole-time   dye-stuffs, 
Colors   deep   what   hoi's    dey   own ; 

Dem  whar's  set  wid  salt,  an'  cop'rous, 
Vinnigy,   or   ra'al   blue   stone, — 

But,  my  honey,  dey  ain't  in   it, 
Gotta    change   dat   little   chune; 

Talk  er  'bout  dem  rightchus  colors, 
What   comes   nex'   unto   de   moon, 

Dey's    so    dazzlin',    bright,    an'    glo'ful, — 
Holdin'  fas'  ez  sho's  yer  bo'n, 

Fru   de   storm,   an'   gale,   an'   thunder; 
Still  dey's  got  dey  brilliance  on. 

What's    dem    colors?      Quit   yer    foolin'! 

You  is  ign'ant  ter  be  sho'; 
Why,  I's  talkin'  'bout  Ole  Glory, 

Wavin'  jes'   outside   yer   do'. 

Ain't  she  graceful  in  de  breezes? 

Nigger,   lemme   git  ma   gun — 
I's   plum    crazy    'bout    dem    colors, 

What   won't   neber,   neber   run! 

Ellen  H.  M.  Brooks. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR  199 


MY    SERVICE    FLAG 

By  the  one  blue  star  in  my  service  flag 

I   have   placed   another   today, 
And  now  in   the  window  where  all  may   see 
There  are  two — each  one  of  them  precious  to  me 

As  I   name  them  to  God  \Vhen   I   pray. 

The  first  star  reflects  the  face  of  my  boy 

And   I    see   there  faith,  hope,   love   and   truth, 
And  a  heart  all  aflame  with  noble  ideals 
And  dreams  of  brave  service  that  a  good  soldier 
feels — 
And  the  rose-colored  visions  of  youth. 

But    the    other — oh,    heart!    shows    tihe    slip    of    a 
girl, 

So  young,  so  tender  and  fair. 
There's  a  light  in  her  eye,  not  of  sea,  nor  of  land — 
'Tis  a  vision  of  faith  in  the  touch  of  her  hand, 

And  the  work  she  will  do  "over  there!" 

Oh!   God,  bless  this  lad  and  this  lassie  of  mine, 
Whose  smile   from  those  blue  stars  I   see ; 

May  their  faith  in  themselves  and  their  faith   in 
their   God, 

Sustain  them — e'en  tho'  they  pass  under  the  rod, 
And  bring  them  back,  safe  home  to  me! 

Lucij  Hays  Furman. 


200  GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


THE    KNEELING    CHILD 

"Why  do  you  kneel  to  me,  my  child?" 

A   lad   in  khaki   said. 
"Because   you  came  to  us   from   God;" 

She   drooped  her  curly  head. 

"You  think  I  fell  from  out  the  sky?" 

Half  laughingly  he  cried. 
"The   stars   are   in   your   flag,   you   know;" 

She    gazed    at   him,    grave-eyed. 

"Where  is  your  mother,  child?"  he  asked. 

"You're  on  the  street  alone." 
"I  haven't  any  now,"  she  said, 
In   quite   a   simple  tone. 

"Your   father's   fighting,    I    suppose?" 
"He  was,   sir,   till   this   year." 
The  lad  in  khaki  gave   salute, 
Perhaps  to  hide  a  tear. 

"You   have    some   brothers,   little   one?" 

"One  dead;  two  missing,  sir." 
"No    sisters?" — "Yes,    America, 
We   all   belong   to  her." 

"My   little   sister!" — Tenderly 
He  raised  her  in  his  arms. 

"The  God  of  our  America 

Keep   you   from   further   harms." 

Helen   Harriet  Sails. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR  201 


THE  BOYS  WHO  WILL  NEVER  COME  BACK 

We  hail  with  joy  the  festive  day, 
When   khaki   clad,   in   glad   array, 
As  honored  victors  from  the  fray, 

Our  boys  come  marching  home. 
We  welcome  back  these  laddies  dear, 
With  toast  and  feast,  with  song  and  cheer, 
And  then  we  pause  to  drop  a  tear 

For  those   who'll   never   come. 

For  some  were  left  in   Flanders'   Field, 
Who   never   more    an   arm    shall   wield, 
Their  country,  flag,  or  home  to  shield 

From  foul  and  fiendish  foe. 
For  them  no  long  and  loud  hurrah, 
No  toast   or   feast,  but  better  far, 
No   haunting   memory   of  war 

Their  hero  hearts  shall  know. 

No  lasting  shock  from  gun  or  shell, 

No  tale  of  horror  can  they  tell, 

No   blood-soaked    sod   where   comrades   fell, 

Disturbs   their  peaceful   dream. 
This  thought  must  soothe  the  aching  breast, 
As  home  again  come  all  the  rest, 
Save   those   who   stood   the   sacred   test 

Of  sacrifice  supreme. 

Ellen  H.  M.  Brooks. 


202  GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


A   TOAST   TO   COMPANY   E 

Miss  Ethel  Hancock,  Toast-Mistress 

Used    at    a    complimentary    dinner       given    by    the    young    women    of 
Oxford  to  the  men   soon   after   their  return    from    France. 

Here's  to  the  men  of  good  Company  E, 
To  each   sailor  and  brave  marine; 
And  here's  to  the  men  of  the  Infantry 
Who  stood  by  the  gun-machine. 

Did  you  think  that  the  land  of  the  long-leafed  pine 
Was  worth  the  price  that  you  paid 

When  you  shattered  the  strength  of  the  Hindenburg  Line 
And  marched,  facing  death,  unafraid? 


And  ah!  we  remember  that  some  paid  the  price 
From  the  ranks  of  good  Company  E ; 
They  willingly  made  the  supreme  sacrifice 
And  will  not  return  o'er  the  sea. 

So  we  shed  loving  tears,  and  offer  a  prayer 

And   our   sorrowful    hearts   ever   yearn, 

When  we  think  of  the  graves  of  our  boys  "Over  There" 

And  the  dear  ones  who  will  not  return. 

We  will  treasure  their  thoughts   of  mothers  back  home, 
Of   sisters   and   sweethearts   and   wives 
Who   inspired   the   splendid   morale   that   was   theirs 
And  dearer  to  them,  than  their  lives. 

*******  * 

Here's  a  health  to  your  khaki  and  navy  blue, 
To  the  chevrons  and  stripes  that  you  wear, 
To  the  medals  and  badges  to  your  honor  due 
The  D.  S.  and  the  Croix  de  Guerre. 

May  you  never  be  called  to  another  war, 

Nor  to  "Shoulder  Arms" — ever  again — 

But  stay  in  God's  Country  with  those  you  love  best, 

For  ever  and  ever,  Amen! 

Mrs.  H.  O.  Furman. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR  203 


HONOR  ROLL  OF  OXFORD  BAPTIST  CHURCH 
Rev.  J.  D.  Harte,  Pastor 

Bowling,  Kilor  S. 
Bryan,    Henry   Blount 
Buchanan,  Dallas   M. 
Cannady,  Clyde 
Cannady,  Dr.  N.  B. 
Carrington,  James  R. 
*Clark,   Frederick   L. 
Davis,   Luther 
Ellington,    Chester    Carl 
Ellington,  James  M. 
Frazier,  John   E. 
Gooch,  Clyde  E. 
Gooch,  J.   Frank 
Gooch,  Lee  C. 
Gooch,    Roland    L. 
Grant,    William    J. 
Harte,   Nelson   Norfleet 
Howard,  Ernest  B. 
Howard,    Royall    D. 
Ligon,   Luther   A. 
Mitchell,   Miss   Esther 
Moore,  Baldy  S. 
Parham,  A.  Hood 
Parham,   Fred    W. 
Peed,  Fred  L. 
Peed,   Hugh   F. 
Robards,   Wm.    C. 
Royster,    Beverly    S.,    Jr. 
Royster,    Royall    H. 
Thomas,    George   N. 
Tunstall,  George   T. 
Walters,  James  J. 
Webb,  William  D. 
Wheeler,   Guy   T. 
Williford,    William    Roy 


•Killed    at    battle   of   Bellicourt.    France,    September   29,    iyj8. 


204 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


HONOR  ROLL  OF  OXFORD  GRADED  SCHOOL 
Prof.  G.  B.  Phillips,  Superintendent 


Adcock,  Willie  B. 
Averette,   Frank 
Averette,    Leland    Stanley 
Ballou,  Edward   B. 
Ballou,   James    W. 
Barnes,  Albert 
Bobbitt,   Compton 
Booth,  James 
Bradsher.  Francis   S. 
Brown,  Baxter 
Bryan,  Henry  Blount 
Bryan,    William    D.,    Jr. 
Buchanan,    Dallas    M. 
Bullock,   Harvey   R. 
Bullock,   James   Dudley 
Bullock,  John  H. 
Burnett,    Zeb 
Callis,    Marsh 
Cannady,  Clyde 
Capehart.    Ashbourne    D. 
Carroll,  Jesse  B. 
Chappell,    Edlar 
Chappell,   William 
Cheatham,   Leo 
Cooper,  Elliott  T. 
Cooper,  Sol 
Currin,   Hubert 
Currin,    Sidney    T. 
Davis,  Luther 
Ellington,    Chester    Carl 
Ellington,   James   M. 
Ellington,  Willie 
Emmett,   John    Morehead 
Fort,   Robert  K. 
Furman,    Frank    Hays 
Gooch,   Clyde   E. 
Gooch,   J.    Frank 
Gooch,    Roland 
Glenn,  Eugene 
Glenn,  Jack 
Glenn,   Richard 
Grant,   William  J. 
Hale,    Loomis   Maleombe 
Hall,  John  G. 
Hanson,  Robert 
Harris,   G.   Waverly 
Harris,   Richard 
Hays,  Miss  Frances 
Hicks,    Edward 
Hobgood,    Thomas    Garland 
Howard,    Ernest   B. 
Hunt,   Ernest 
Hunt,  George   P. 
Hunt,  Gordon 
Hunt,   Kilgo 
Hunt,  Raymond 
Johnson,   Wilson 
Joyner,    Horace 


Kinton,  Robert 

Landis,   Arthur 

Landis,  Augustus 
Landis,    William   T. 

Landis,   Hamlin 
Landis,    Mark    A. 
Lassiter,  Joe   D. 

Lewis,  Francis 

Medford,   John    William 

Mitchell,    John    G. 

Moore,  Baldy 

O'Brien,    W.    T. 

Osborn,   Allen 

Pace,   Thomas 

Pace,  William 

Parham,    A.    Hood 

Parham,    Fred    W. 

Peed,  Hugh  F. 

Pender,   Lee 

Pender,   William 

Penny,    Stanley 

Pinnix,    Marshall    K. 

Powell,  William  H. 

Ragland,  Joe 

Rawlins,   George 

Renn,    Harry   J. 

Robards,    William    Cornelius 

Roller,   John 

Royster,   Beverly   S.,   Jr. 

Royster,    Royall    H. 

Sizemore,   George 

Smith,   Ben 

Smith,   Kersey 

Spencer,  Berkeley 

Spencer,    Bernard 

Spencer,  Thomas 

Stedman,  John 

Taylor,    Albert   H. 

Taylor,   C.   Buxton 

Taylor,    Charles    A. 

*Taylor,  E.  Winfield 

Taylor,   Henry  Lindsey 

Taylor,   James    A. 

Taylor,   Joseph   W. 

Taylor,    Robert    Kennon 
Thorp,   Charlie 

Thorp,   Louis,  Jr. 
Turner,   Lewis 
Turner,   Richard 
Walters,  James  J. 
Walters,   Sidney 
Webb,  John   G. 
Webb,    William 
Wheeler,    Guy    T. 
Williams,  John   D. 
Williford,   William   Roy 
Wrenn,   Dorsey    Hester 
Yancey,    Thornton 


"Killed   at    battle    of   Chateau   Thierry,    France.    June    12.    1918. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR  205 


HONOR  ROLL  OF  OXFORD  M.  E.  CHURCH,  SOUTH 
Rev.  R.  C.  Craven,  Pastor 

Ballou,  Edward  B. 
Ballou,   James    W. 
Boddie,  Sterling  G. 
Bobbitt,   W.   N. 
Bradsher,  Francis 
Bradsher,  Jas.  S.,  Jr. 
Bullock,   Harvey   R. 
Bullock,  James 
Bullock,   John    H. 
Carden,   R.  W. 
Carroll,   Jesse    B. 
Crews,   Eugene   T. 
Fort,  Chas.  D.  H.,  Jr. 
Fort,   Robert   K. 
Fuller,   Elbert   E. 
Furman,    Frank    Hays 
Harris,  G.  Waverly 
Hays,   Benj.   K. 
Hays,  Miss  Frances 
Hunt,   Geo.  P. 
Hunt,  Otis  Kilgo 
Hunt,  Raymond  A. 
Medford,    John    William 
Mitchell,  John   G. 
Pace,  Thomas  G. 
Pace,  William  G. 
Parker,  Emmett  L. 
Peace,    William    G. 
Pendleton,    Willie    R. 
Reece,  Chas.  H.  R. 
Renn,    Harry   J. 
Rountree,   Moses 
Stem,  Thaddeus  G. 
Tyer,  Wm.  B. 
Wood,  John   M. 
Wrenn,  Dorsey 


206 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


HONOR  ROLL  OF  OXFORD  ORPHANAGE 


R.  L.  Brown,  Superintendent 


Barham,  Robt.  Lee 
Betts,   Edgar 
Biggers,   Miss   Blandeno 
Black,   Jasper 
Braxton,  Jas.  A. 
Braxton,   Miss    Mary  J. 
Bridgers,   William 
Broughton,    Fitzhugh 
Bruton,   Reginald   K. 
*Capps,  Calvin  L. 
Capps,    Carl 
Capps,   Frank 
Carr,  Charlie 
Casey,  Miss  Alice  B. 
Chason,   Dewey 
Cook,  Clarence 
Cook,    Connelly 
Daniel,    George 
Dixon,   Thomas 
Dixon,  William 
Dudley,   Cleon 
Edwards,   Frank 
Ferguson,    Rev.    Robt.    L. 
Freeman,   Guy  R. 
Gattis,    Raymond 
Hall,  Jas.   E. 
Hall,   Philip   R. 
Hardesty,   Grover 
Harmon,   Reid 
Hartley,   Donald 
Hartley,  Leland 
Hellard,  J.  Wiley 
Holden,  Isaac 
fHowell,    Oliver 
Hudgins,  J.  Earl 
Hutchins,    Miss    Bessie 
Hutchins,   Miss   EfRe 
Jackson,  Rufus 
Jennette,   Samuel 
Johnson,  John   D. 
Johnson,  Julius   C. 
Kellum,   Leon 
Kellv,    Herbert 
Knight,   Earl 


Latham,   Arthur   L. 
Maynard,   Clarence  L. 
Medlin,   Manly 
Medlin,   Y.   Leonard 
Morris,   Roland 
Morton,  Miss  Lela 
Morton,   Sanford  B. 
Xobles,   Ben 
Nobles,  John 
Norman,   Parks 
Neil,  J.  Frank 
Neil,  W.   Lee 
Nines,    Alex. 
Oakes,   Claud 
Owens,   Rufus 
Pridgen,  Daniel 
Rawles,   Claud 
Rowland,   Alex. 
Saintsing,  Andrew 
Satterwhite,   Robert 
Shepard,  Walter  G. 
Slagle,   Latta   R. 
Smith,  Everett 
Smith,  Henry 
Smith,  Jesse 
Smith,  Willie 
Spencer,  John  Wesley 
Stanley,  Leon 
Stevens,   W.   Thomas 
Sykes,  Cecil  R. 
Teeter,   Mark   W. 
Tilley,   George 
Tuttl'e,  Hobart 
Waff,   Frank 
Waff,   Lonnie 
Walker,  Roland 
Ward,   Robert 
Warren,  Carnegie 
Watts,  Ernest 
West,  Joshua 
Williford,  Miss   Sophia 
Williford,  W.   W. 
Woodard,   Percy 


^Killed    in    action    at    Chateau    Thierry.    France.    June    12.    191£ 
tKilled    in    action    at   Bellicourt,    France,    September   29,    1918. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY   IN    THE    WORLD    WAR  207 


HONOR  ROLL  OF  OXFORD  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH 
Rev.  Stuart  R.  Oglesby,  Jr.,  Pastor 

Blanchard,  A.  W. 
Bryan,  Wm.   D.,  Jr. 
Clement,  Amos  B. 
Clement,  Jesse  I. 
Cooper,  James  C. 
Emmett,   J.   Morehead 
Hand,  Lei'oy  C. 
*Hart,    Ernest    F. 
Harrison,    Geo.   R.,   Jr. 
Horner,   James    H. 
Smith,    Ben    T. 
Steagall,  James   I. 
Stedman,    John    P. 
Taylor,   James   A. 
Webb,  John   Graham 


*Killed   at    Gordre    Court,    France,    October    1,    1917. 


208  GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


HONOR  ROLL  OF  ST.  STEPHEN'S  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH 
Rev.  F.  H.  T.  Horsfield,  Pastor 

Booth,  James   L. 
Calvert,  Richard   C.  M. 
Capehart,    Ashbourne    D. 
Cooper,  Elliott  T. 
Cooper,  Henry  G.,  Jr. 
Graham,    Augustus    W.,    Jr. 
Hall,  John  G.,  Jr. 
Hunt,  Gordon 
Klingman,    Edwin   C. 
Landis,   Arthur 
Landis,    Augustus 
Landis,  Hamlin 
Landis,  Mark  A. 
Landis,   Thomas   H. 
Landis,  William   T. 
Lassiter,  Joe   D. 
Pinnix,   Marshall    K. 
Powell,  Chas.  G. 
Powell,  Wm.  H. 
Taylor,  Albert  H. 
Taylor,  Charles  A. 
Taylor,   C.   Buxton 
♦Taylor,    E.    Winfield 
Taylor,   Henry  A. 
Taylor,   H.    Lindsey 
Taylor,   Robert  Kennon 
Thorp,   Louis,  Jr. 
Wetmore,   Hal    S. 
Wetmore,  Joel  B. 
Williams,   John   D. 


'Killed    at    battle    of    Chateau    Thierry.    France,    June    12 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


209 


Colored  Soldiers  of  Granville  County 


(Contributed  by  Rev.  G.  C.   Shaw) 


The  rapid  and  ominous  development  of 
events  in  19I4-'15  indicated  to  every  close 
observer  the  inevitable  entering  of  Ameri- 
ca into  the  European  War.  When  the  fi- 
nal moment  came  and  news  flashed  over 
the  country  that  the  Rubicon  had  been 
crossed — that  the  patience  and  forbear- 
ance of  our  President  had  given  way  to 
stern  action  and  America  with  her  prodi- 
gious wealth  and  heterogenous  population 
had  declared  war  against  Germany  in  the 
defense  of  World  Democracy — our  holy 
declaration,  "Democracy  for  the  World," 
electrified  our  allies,  and  gave  to  true 
Americans  sinews  of  iron.  The  leashes 
of  war  were  turned  loose  from  North  to 
South  and  from  East  to  West.  Every- 
where there  was  simultaneous  effort  and 
preparation.  Our  unpreparedness  but  re- 
vealed our  miraculous  ability  to  get  pre- 
pared in  an  incredibly  short  time.  In  our 
nervous  preparation  we  became  suspicious 
of  all  hyphenated  Americans.  And  many 
of  the  White  Americans  began  to  wonder, 
what  would  be  the  attitude  of  the  Negro  in 
the  struggle?  It  did  not  take  the  Negro 
long  to  allay  all  suspicion  concerning  him, 
for  wherever  he  was  found  he  proved  to 
be  loyal  and  patriotic.  This  was  especial- 
ly true  of  the  colored  people  of  Granville 
County;  so  much  so  that  the  author  and 
publisher  of  this  history  has  said  he  would 
consider  it  incomplete  if  something  was 
not  said  about  the  colored  soldiers  and  col- 
ored people  of  the  county,  whose  patriot- 
ism and  loyalty  entitle  them  to  abiding 
consideration. 

Among  all  the  colored  soldiers  of  the 
county  drafted  there  was  not  a  single 
slacker,  and  of  the  288  sent  to  camps  not 
one  was  reported  as  having  done  anything 
unworthy  of  a  soldier.  Many  of  them  went 
overseas  and  were  on  the  firing-line  when 


the  armistice  was  signed  and  acquitted 
themselves  admirably.  Among  them  were 
officers  ranking  as  high  as  first  lieutenants. 

Every  organization  among  the  Whites 
for  work  was  duplicated  among  the  Col- 
ored People.  The  War  Savings  Stamps 
committee  traveled  day  and  night  during 
the  drives,  visiting  every  school  district  in 
the  county  and  urging  the  people  to  stand 
by  their  country  by  giving  their  means  and 
blood  if  necessary.  As  a  result  of  these 
efforts  the  Colored  People  of  Granville 
County  bought  more  than  $50,000  in  War 
Savings  Stamps  and  Liberty  Bonds. 
Through  their  Red  Cross  Auxiliary  they 
again  showed  their  loyalty  to  the  great 
cause.  The  women  were  constantly  at 
work  for  the  comfort  of  the  boys  who  went 
overseas,  as  well  as  those  who  remained 
in  camps  on  this  side.  They  made  and 
filled  kits  for  the  boys  as  they  left  for 
camp,  and  had  one  of  their  representa- 
tives to  address  each  departing  group  urg- 
ing the  soldiers  to  so  live  and  conduct 
themselves  that  Granville  County,  their 
State  and  country  would  always  feel  proud 
of  them.  How  well  they  did  this  history 
will  tell.  Whatever  other  weakness  the 
colored  man  may  have,  when  it  comes  to 
loyalty  and  patriotism  he  is  100  per  cent, 
true.  The  war  taught  us  a  good  many 
lessons  from  which,  if  we  are  wise,  we  will 
profit.  It  revealed  our  moral,  intellectual 
and  physical  weakness.  It  taught  us  that 
a  great  many  of  our  citizens  who  have  en- 
joyed the  protection  of  our  Flag  100  per 
cent,  were  only  50  per  cent,  loyal  when  our 
very  existence  was  threatened.  And  it 
taught  us  too,  beyond  a  reasonable  doubt, 
that  fleecy  locks  and  black  complexions  do 
not  differentiate  true  Americans. 

Skins  may  differ,  but  the  fires  of  patriot- 
ism burn  in  White  and  Black  alike. 


210 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


List  of  Men  Inducted  Into  Service  by  Granville 
County  Local  Board  [Colored] 


Allen,    Esquire 

R  2,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Allen,   Otho 

Oxford,   N.   C. 
Allen,    Sam 

R  7,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Allen,    Ulysses 

R   6,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Allen,    William    Herman 

Creedmoor,   N.   C. 
Alston,    Cornelius 

R  2,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Amis,    Charlie 

R   5,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Amis,    Rufus 

R   5,   Virgilina,   Va. 
Austin,    Will 

Hester,  N.  C. 
Autrv,  Grady 

West  Point,  Ga. 
Bailey,   Willie 

Oxford,   N.    C. 
Bagby,    Willie 

R    5,   Virgilina,   Va. 
Banks,    Henry 

R  1,  Franklinton,  N.  C. 
Baskerville,    Henry 

Oxford,   N.    C. 
Black,   Jasper 

R   4,    Oxford,   N.    C. 
Blackwell,   Bennie 

R  7,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Blackwell,  Francis 

R   7,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Blackwell,   Willie 

R   7,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Boone,    Everett 

Oxford,   N.   C. 
Boone,    Royal 

Tar   River,   N.   C. 
Branch,   George   Clayton 

Oxford,   N.   C. 
Branch,    James    Edward 

R   7,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Branch,    Willie    R. 

R   7,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Bratcher,    Wiley 

Creedmoor,    N.    C. 
Bridges,  Hardie 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Bridges,  John   Henry  H.   P. 

R   2,   Oxford,   N.   G. 
Bridges,  Thomas 

R  2,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Bridges,  Thomas  W. 

R  2,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Brodie,    Lemuel 

R   1,   Franklinton,   N.   C. 
Brodie,    Richard    I. 

R  2,  Northside,   N.   C. 
Brown,    Robert 

Durham,   N.   C. 
Bullock,    Charlie    L. 

Lyon,  N.  C. 


Bullock,  John 

Clarksville,      Va. 
Bullock,  Reuben,  Jr. 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Bullock,   Tom 

Stem,  N.  C. 
Bullock,  Wm. 

R   1,   Creedmoor,   N.   C. 
Bullock,  Zollie 

R  1,   Clarksville,  Va. 
Burnett,  Ebb 

Hester,    N.    C. 
Burnett,    Fletcher 

Tar    River,    N.    C. 
Burton,  Junius 

Oxford,   N.   C. 
Burton,    Lee    O. 

R   5,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Burwell,   Augustus 

Oxford,   N.   C. 
Burwell,    Ernest 

R  1,   Franklinton,   N.   C. 
Burwell,    Nazareth 

R  1,  Hester,  N.  C. 
Burwell,    Sidney 

Stovall,    N.    C. 
Chavis,  Benj.   P.   F. 

R   4,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Chavis,  Jesse 

R   1,   Moriah,   N.   C. 
Chavis,    John    A. 

Oxford,  N.  C. 
Chavis,   Luther 

R   4,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Cheatham,  Carnel 

R  3,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Cheatham,    Dorsey 

R   5,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Clark,    Robert 

Oxford,   N.   C. 
Clayton,   Green 

Stem,  N.  C. 
Cook,  Roy 

Creedmoor,    N.    C. 
Cooper,    Chester 

Oxford,   N.    C. 
Cooper,    Roy 

R    5.    Virgilina,   Va. 
Cooper,   Solomon 

Berea,  N.  C. 
Cousins,    General    Ransom 

Oxford,   N.    C. 
Cozart,   James 

Creedmoor,    N.    C. 
Cozart,    James 

R   2,    Oxford,   N.   C. 
Cozart,    Leland    S. 

R   6,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Cozart,    Thomas    S. 

R   6,   Oxford,   N.    C. 
Cozart,   Wm.   H. 

Creedmoor,    N.    C. 
Crews,   Ike 

R   2,    Kitfrell 


Crews,   W.    C.    L. 

Oxford,   N.   C. 
Critcher,    Percy 

Stovall,    N.   C. 
Crosby,   James 

Bullock,   N.   C. 
Daniel,   Archer 

R   7,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Daniel,    James 

R   7,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Daniel,  Nathan  Bailey 

R  4,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Davis,   Collie   V. 

Hester,  N.  C. 
Day,    Elmas 

Oxford,  N.  C. 
Downey,   Jim   Henry 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Downey,  Lee 

Stem,  N.  C. 
Downey,  Willie  T. 

R   2,   Virgilina,   Va. 
Eaton,    Clarence 

R  2,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Elexon,    Daniel 

R  2,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Fleming,    Willie 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Fuller,    Freddie 

R   3,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Fuller,   Otis 

Kittrell,   N.   C. 
Garner,    Ernest 

Creedmoor,    N.    C. 
George,    Eugene    C. 

Oxford,   N.   C. 
Gooch,  Joe 

R  4,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Gregory,   Ward 

Oxford,  N.  C. 
Green,  Eugene  Gibson 

Oxford,   N.   C. 
Green,    Henry 

Creedmoor,   N.   C. 
Green,    James 

R   2,   Creedmoor,   N.   C. 
Green,   Norman 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Green,   Thomas 

R   1,   Hester,   N.   C. 
Green,   Ulie   Lee 

R  1,  Creedmoor,  N.  C. 
Gregory,    James    E. 

Oxford,   N.   C. 
Grissom,   David    L. 

R  2,   Youngsville,   N.   C. 
Hall,  Aaron 

R  4,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Hall,   Ceathis   A. 

R  4,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Harris,    Claude 

Oxford,   N.   C. 
Harris,   John 

Oxford,    N.    C. 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


211 


Harris,    Lonnie 

R  5,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Harris,    Ollie 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Harris,    Robert 

R   1,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Hamme,   Thomas  A. 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Harris,    Willie 

Oxford,   N.    C. 
Harris,   Win.    H. 

R  6,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Henderson,    Albert 

Henderson,    N.    C. 
Henderson,  John 

R  5,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Hester,    Eli 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Hester,  Frank 

Kittrell,    N.    C. 
Hester,   Seth   H. 

R  5,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Hicks,  Clarence  E. 

R  1,  Creedmoor,  N.  C. 
Hicks,  John 

Stovall,  N.  C. 
Hicks,  John  S. 

Oxford,  N.  C. 
Hicks,   Lee    Herbert 

R   1,   Creedmoor,   N.   C. 
Hinton,   Bruce 

Stem,   N.   C, 
Horner,   Andrew 

Bahama,  N.  C. 
Horner,  John 

Stem,  N.  C. 
Howard,   Al 

Oxford,   N.   C. 
Howard,   Leroy 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Howard,   Maud 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Howard,   Samuel 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Howell,   Cleveland 

Tar   River,   N.   C. 
Howell,  Jimmie 

R   3,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Hunt,   John 

Oxford,    N.    C.   ' 
Howell,   John 

Oxford,  N.  C. 
Hunt,    Daniel 

R   1,  Hester,  N.   C. 
Hunt,   John   Anderson 

R   1,   Oxford,    N.   C. 
Jeffers,   Willie 

Stem,  N.  C. 
Jeffreys,    Albert 

Tar  River,  N.  C. 
Jeffries,   James    Edward 

Creedmoor,    N.    C. 
Johnson,   Ed 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Johnson,    Earley 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Johnson,    Hampton 

Stovall,    N.    C. 
Jones,   Alvis 

R  7,  Oxford,  N.  C. 


Jones,   Dock 

Stovall,  N.  C. 
Jones,    Elijah 

Stem,    X.   C. 
Jones,   Gus 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Jones,    Otis 

R   1,   Creedmoor,   N.   C. 
Jones,  Parham 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Jones,    Samuel 

R  6,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Jones,   Tarry 

Oxford,  N.   C. 
Jones,    Thornton 

Virgilina,    Va. 
Jones,    William 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Jordon,   Henry 

Oxford,   N.   C. 
Jordan,    Wm.    Powell 

Oxford,   N.    C. 
Kersey,    Emmitt 

Stem,    N.    C. 
Lewis,   Frank   Edward 

Spring  Hope,   N.   C. 
Lindsey,  Joe   H. 

R   6,    Oxford,    N.    C. 
Lunsford,  Arthur  Lee 

Oxford,    N.   C. 
Lyon,   Chester 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Lyon,   Cornelius 

R   1,   Berea,   N.    C. 
Lyon,    Hughie 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Lvon,  Jack   Carl 

Wendell,    N.   C. 
Lyon,    Graham 

Northside,    N.    C. 
Lyon,  Lee 

Northside,    N.    C. 
Lyon,   Otis 

Oxford,   N.    C. 
Lyon,  Wade 

Northside,   N.  C. 
Lyon,    Walker 

Northside,  N.   C. 
McAden,   John    M. 

Oxford,  N.  C. 
McGhee,  Andrew  J. 

R   3,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Mclver,    Frederick 

Oxford,   N.   C. 
Marrow,   David 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Marrow,    Haywood 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Marrow,   Solomon 

Bullock,   N.   C. 
Mayo,    Plummer 

Oxford,   N.   C. 
Mangum,  Robert  Dolphus 

R   1,   Creedmoor,   N.   C. 
Martin,    Wm. 

Oxford,  N.   C. 
Mitchell,   Huly 

Lyon,   N.   C. 
Mitchell,   Jones   Will 

Wendell,   N.    C. 


Mitchell,  Joseph  E. 

Hester,    N.    C. 
Mitchell,   Robert 

Stem,  N.  C. 
Mitchell,    Robert    Roy 

Creedmoor,   N.   C. 
Montague,    Crawford 

Oxford,   N.    C. 
Moore,   Clarence  J. 

Creedmoor,   N.   C. 
Moore,    Fred 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Moore,   Ira 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Moore,   James    A. 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Morgan,    Lorenzo 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Moss,  Walter 

R    1,   Creedmoor,   N.    C. 
Newton,    James 

R   6,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Norman,   John    C. 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Norwood,    Sidney 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Nutall,    Charles 

Stovall,    N.    C. 
Nutall,    Haywood 

Stovall,  N.  C. 
Parish,  Simon 

Franklinton,   N.   C. 
Parish,  Wm. 

Hester,    N.    C. 
Parker,   Alfred   M. 

R  1,   Franklinton,   N.   C. 
Parker,    Huly 

R   3,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Parker,    Len 

R   1,  Hester,   N.   C. 
Paschall,    Willie 

Tar  River,  N.  C. 
Peace,   John    Henry 

R  4,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Peace,    Robert 

R  4,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Pettiford,  Charles 

Oxford,   N.   C. 
Pettiford,   Zetie 

R  2,  Kittrell,  N.  C. 
Perry,   Ras 

R   1,   Franklinton,   N.   C. 
Perry,    Rufus 

R  1,  Franklinton,   N.   C. 
Perry,    Sam 

Franklinton,   N.   C. 
Pool,   Sam 

R  1,  Virgilina,  Va. 
Ragland,  Minoras 

Dover,    N.   J. 
Richardson,    George 

R   2,    Oxford,   N.   C. 
Richardson,    Junius    E. 

R   2,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Ridley,   John 

R   3,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Rogers,    Earley 

Creedmoor,   N.   C. 
Rogers,   John    W. 

Stem,   N.   C. 


212 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


Rogers,   Joseph    T. 

R   3,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Rogers,    Sherman 

R   3,   Creedmoor,   N.   C. 
Rogers,   Walter   G. 

R  2,   Creedmoor,   N.   C. 
Rolling,   John 

R  2,  Creedmoor,  N.  C. 
Royster,    Cornelius 

R   7,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Royster,    Frank   C. 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Royster,   Hubert 

Oxford,  N.  C. 
Royster,  Jesse 

R    5,   Virgilina,   Va. 
Royster,   McKinley 

R   7,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Royster,  Shepherd 

R  4,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Royster,    Spurgeon 

R   2,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Royster,    Thomas 

Oxford,  N.  C, 
Sanford,  James 

R   7,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Sanford,   Walter 

R   7,   Oxford,   N.    C. 
Satterwhite,    James 

R  1,  Hester,  X.   C. 
Satterwhite,  Jeff  D. 

R  4,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Satterfield,   Win.   H. 

R   1,   Berea,   N.    C. 
Shanks,   Sunny- 
Hester,   N.   C. 
Shells,    Dorsey 

R  3,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Shepherd,    Marshall    L. 

Oxford,  N.  C. 
Shelton,    Eddie    O. 

R   3,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Shelton,   Robert   O. 

Oxford,   N.   C. 
Short,   Csesar 

Stem,  N.  C. 
Skidmore,    Thomas 

R  7,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Smith,  Allen 

R  4,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Smith,    Bowman 

Oxford,   N.   C. 
Smith,  Chacie  B. 

R  5,  Virgilina,  Va. 
Smith,    Chester    L. 

Oxford,   N.   C. 
Smith,    Fred    Lee 

Oxford,   N.   C. 


Smith,    Jacob    Esty 

R    5,    Virgilina,    Va. 
Smith,  Joe 

Hargrove,   N.   C. 
Smith,   Joseph    S.    P. 

R    5,    Virgilina,   Va. 
Smith,   Rov 

Oxford,  N.  C. 
Speed,    Charles 

Berea,   N.   C. 
Suit,    Benjamin 

Oxford,  N.  C. 
Suit,    Willie   G. 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Talley,   James 

R  1,  Franklinton,   N.   C. 
Tanner,    George 

R   6,   Oxford,   N.    C. 
Tarry,  Jack 

Stovall,   N.    C. 
Tavlor,    Edward 

Stovall,   N.    C. 
Taylor,   Gabriel 

Oxford,    N.    C, 
Taylor,    Gabriel 

Stovall,   N.    C. 
Ti'.yVr,  James  Sp^rg-eon 

Creedmoor,   N.   C. 
Taylor,    Lenville 

Stovall,    N.    C. 
Taylor,    Leonard   A. 

Oxford,   N.    C. 
Taylor,   Lexie 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Taylor,  Robert  L. 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Tavlor,  Wm. 

Oxford,   N.    C. 
Taylor,   Wm.  Henry,  Jr. 

R   5,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Taylor,    Willie 

R   7,   Oxford,   N.   C. 
Teasley,    Sam 

R*2,  Youngsville,  N.  C. 
Teasley,   Willie 

Oxford,  N.  C. 
Thomas,  Ernest  P. 

R   5,   Virgilina,   Va. 
Thomas,  Lee  L. 

Oxford,   N.    C. 
Thomasson,    Lonnie 
Creedmoor,  N.   C. 
Thorpe,   Daniel 

Oxford,  N.  C. 
Thorpe,    James 

R  1,  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Thorpe,   Tom 

Stem,   N.   C. 


Throckmorton,    Robert   L. 

R    5,   Virgilina,   Va. 
Tilley,   Wade 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Tinsley,    Lee    Andrew 

Oxford,    N.    C. 
Turrentine,    Willie    L. 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Tvler,   John 

Oxford,    X.    C. 
Tyler,   Joseph    Samuel 

Oxford,   N.   C.      . 
Umstead,  Hampton 

R   1,   Nelson,   Va. 
Washington,  Tom 

Stovall,  N.  C. 
Waugh,    Arthur 

Stem,   N.   C. 
Webb,  Joe 

R    7,    Oxford,   X.   C. 
Webb,  John 

Stovall,    X.    C. 
White,  Xathan 

R  1,  Franklinton,   X.   C. 
White,    Nelson 

R    1,    Hester,    X.    C. 
Wilkerson,    Lucius 

R   2,    Virgilina,   Va. 
Wilkerson,    Stephen 

Berea,    N.    C. 
Wilkerson,    Wm.    McK. 

Oxford,    X.    C. 
Wilkins,    Berrv 

R   2,   Virgilina,   Va. 
Wilkins,    James    Moses 

R   2,   Virgilina,   Va. 
Williams,  Percy   C. 

Oxford,  X.  C. 
Williams,   Ulah 

R  7,  Oxford,  X.  C. 
Wilson,    Leland 

R   7,    Oxford,    X.    C. 
Wood,  Moses   X. 

Berea,   X.   C. 
Woods,  Willie 

Hester,  X.   C. 
Wright,   James 

R  2,  Youngsville,  X.  C. 
Wyche,   Geo.   W. 

Oxford,  X.  C. 
Young,   Henry 

R   1,   Oxford,   X.   C. 
Young,    Isaac 

Oxford,  X.  C. 
Young   Merriman 

R   1,  Franklinton,  X.   C. 
Young,    Robert 

R   1,   Franklinton,   X.   C. 


GRANVILLE  COUNTY  IN  THE  WORLD  WAR 


213 


INDEX 


PACE 

America    2 

A  Shot  in  the  Balkans  Set  the  World  Aflame  3 

A   Toast  to  Company   E   202 

Boys  Who  Will   Never  Come  Back,  the 201 

Britjgh^Military   Cross   130 

Chairman   of   Liberty    Loans   193 

Colored    Soldiers   of   Granville   County 209 

Conquest   of   the    Cootie,   the    92 

Distinguished    Service    Cross    129 

E   Company,  120th   Infantry: 

Battles     37 

On   His   Majesty's   Service   80 

Places   stationed   at    37 

Record   of   37 

Roster  of  enlisted  men   40 

Roster   of   officers    33 

Examining'    Physicians    to    Gi-anville    County 

Local    Board     137 

Food    Administrator    195 

Four-Minute   Speakers   Committee 193 

Fuel    Administrator   195 

Fury  of   Battle   Leaves   its   Mark,   the 127 

Granville    County    Chapter,      American      Red 

Cross    (Illustrated)     165 

Committees     168 

Conservation   Committee 172 

Canteen  and  Camp  Activities 171 

Delegates  and  Visitors     to     Red     Cross 

Conference    166 

Directors  of  Work  and  Buying 171 

Disbursements    176 

Extension    168 

Finance     170 

First    Aid    173 

General    Supplies    172 

Home    Service    173 

Junior   Red    Cross,   the   175 

Lectures    176 

Membership    168 

Packing    Committee    172 

Receipts     175 

Special    Committee    for    Linen    for     Hos- 
pitals      172 

Summary   of   Output    175 

Surgical    Dressings    173 

Tobacco    Sales    171 

Ways   and   Means   171 

Granville    County   Division    Council    of      Na- 
tional   Defense    181 

An   Appreciation    191 

Departments      Adopted      by       Granville 

County    Division    182 


PACE 

Granville   County  Division   Council     of     Na- 
tional   Defense — Cont'd. 
Granville   County   Units: 

Berea    184 

Bullock 184 

Clarke's     School     184 

Creedmoor     184 

Culbreth    183 

Enon    183 

Fishing   Creek   184 

Hester     183 

Howard      184 

Knap   of   Reeds   183 

Knott's   Grove    1S4 

Northside    184 

Oxford     183 

Providence     183 

Salem    , 184 

Stem     184 

Stovall     1S3 

West   Oxford    184 

Williford    School    184 

Wilton     183 

Home    and    Foreign    Relief    191 

Letter  of  Commendation  from  President 

Wilson      181 

Mizpah     189 

Officers    182 

Report    of    Third    and    Fourth      Liberty 

Loan  Drives 190 

Report  of  War  Work  in  Food  Production  187 

Woman's  War  Savings  Committee 183 

His   Last   Night   At   Home   197 

Historical  Dates  in  the  World   War 155 

Hold-fast   Colors   198 

Honor   Roll   of   Oxford   Baptist   Church 203 

Honor  Roll  of  Oxford  Graded   School 204 

Honor  Roll   of  Oxford  M.   E.   Church,   South  203 

Honor   Roll   of   Oxford    Orphanage    206 

Honor    Roll   of   Oxford    Presbyterian    Church  207 

Honor  Roll  of  St.  Stephen's  Episcopal  Church  208 

If   You    Want   to   See   Me   Grin    128 

Illustrations   of   Granville    County   men    who 

made  the   Supreme   Sacrifice 132 

Legal    Advisory    Board    194 

Legion    of    Honor    Medal    130 

List  of  Men  Inducted  into  Service  by  Gran- 
ville County  Local  Board  (Col- 
ored)       210 

List  of  Men  Inducted  into  Service  by  Gran- 
ville County  Local  Board   (White)  138 
Local   Board   of  Granville   County 135 


214 


GRANVILLE    COUNTY    IN    THE    WORLD    WAR 


PAGE 

My   Service    Flag    199 

Off  at  Dawn  for  a  Trip  Over  the  Lines 16 

Pershing's  Men  Did  the  Work  but  the  Navy 

Put    'Em    There    143 

President  Wilson's  War  Message  to  Congress  17 

Ready   for   Duty    177 

Records  of  Granville  County  Men  in  the  Ar- 
my,  Alphabetically   Arranged 39 

Records    of    Granville    County    Men     in     the 

Navy,  Alphabetically  Arranged  ..  148 


PAGE 
Records  of  Granville  County  Registered  Red 

Cross    Nurses     (Illustrated)     179 

Red   Cross   Surgical   Dressing   Class   173 

Sir    Douglas    Haig's    Tribute    88 

Soldier's  Mother,  the 19G 

The  Kneeling  Child 200 

Thirtieth   Division,   the    74 

To  the  Memory  of   Our  Honored  Dead 131 

Who  Broke  the   Hindenburg   Line?   90 


INDEX 


Cl2    Budrmchtid  . 


C-7    CMi-ju  S»lln» 


Nuw  of  towns,  torts,  rivers,  etc.,  will  be  found  indexed  under  their  respective 
point   draw  imaginary  line  from  the  two  reference  points  in  the  margin:  for  example: 
n#«r  ihp  intersection  of  lines  drawn  vertical  from  G  and  honiontal  from  S. 
^hST^  a  ftir  idea  of  the  area  represented  in  the  Liberty  War  Map  by  comparison  with  the  state 
of  Iowa.     Both  contain  approximately  56.000  square  miles. 

TOWNS 

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EUROPE 


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-21 


wvfr 


THE  LIBERTY  WAR  MAP 

WESTERN  FRONT 


EXPLANATION 

Baltic  line  Nor; JUth,  11118  W*  DatiU-  Lino  July  15th,  1918  • 

Gentian  Farthest  Advance  1011        —  —  _ 
CnlI>]*olCsDPtH«    [^|  Fori.    +  PortlfiW  Fbca  @ 

HnilwuT. -        Fin  I  Ct«»»  Ho.d.  BmndCliuBud. 

Cm,Iiil  Bannduin  al  (ou.iirir..^.      Ik.u...inrir.  af  1'roilDtr, 


-/ 


.C:   ,::'JA 


^p"f-f 


